Genetic variability in the serotoninergic system and age of onset in anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Evidence from phenomenological, family, genetic, and treatment studies from Western centers have suggested that tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) could be different from non-tic-related OCD. This study from India investigated the differences in OCD with and without tics, with respect to sociode-mographics, symptom profile, and comorbidity, including obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, to examine whether the clinical profile of tic-related OCD is similar to that reported previously.Methods: Fifty subjects with OCD and tics (chronic motor tics and Tourette syndrome) were compared with 141 OCD subjects without tics.Results: Subjects having OCD with tics tended to be males, and had an earlier onset of illness. They had more of symmetry/aggressive and religious obsessions, and cleaning, ordering/arranging, hoarding, and repeating compulsions and were associated with trichotillomania and hypochondraisis. Stepwise backward (Wald) regression analysis showed that an early age of onset, male gender, aggressive obsessions, cleaning compulsions, and trichotillomania were significantly associated with tic-related OCD.Conclusion: The findings of this study from India are broadly similar to those reported previously from the West indicating the universality of differences in tic- and non-tic-related OCD. Our findings also support the existing evidence that tics contribute to the heterogeneity of OCD.

Download Full-text

Assessment and Treatment of Comorbid Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Handbook of Treating Variants and Complications in Anxiety Disorders ◽

10.1007/978-1-4614-6458-7_21 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 337-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adam B. Lewin ◽

Jessie Menzel ◽

Michael Strober

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Assessment And Treatment

Download Full-text

Assessment of in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i1030915 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105-114

Author(s):

Sarah Alaa Mohsen ◽

Fatma Ahmed El Deeb ◽

Ehab Sayed Ramadan ◽

Mai Abd El-Raouf Eissa

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Test Performance ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and potentially debilitating disorder. Neuropsychological assessment provides unique complementary information that is critical for evaluating higher cortical abilities. This study aimed to assess the neuropsychological functions in OCD patients which can then point to the brain structures or pathways and to study the correlation between these assessments and different clinical variables. Methods: This cross-sectional case control study had included sixty patients who were divided into two groups, Group I: thirty OCD patients diagnosed by DSM-IV and Group II: thirty healthy controls who were recruited from the community, matched with patients’ age, gender, and education. Results: The age of onset in our study was 19.13 ± 0.35 years, the mean duration was 7.44 ± 3.88 years, 40% of the studied cases had severe OCD symptoms and 33.3% of them were compulsive cleaners. There was a high significant difference between the two groups regarding WCST in favor of the control group. There was a high significant difference between the two groups regarding ROCF where the control group showed better results than the OCD patients. Conclusions: Neuropsychological test performance remains an informative and objective means of investigation, especially when applied to psychiatric disorders. The executive functions in OCD patients were impaired in comparison to the normal study subjects.

Download Full-text

Predicting Eating Disorder and Anxiety Symptoms Using Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Polygenic Scores

10.1101/2020.07.02.20142844 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zeynep Yilmaz ◽

Katherine Schaumberg ◽

Matt Halvorsen ◽

Erica L. Goodman ◽

Leigh C. Brosof ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Polygenic Scores

Clinical, epidemiological, and genetic findings support an overlap between eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety symptoms. However, little research has examined the role of genetic factors in the expression of eating disorders and OCD/anxiety phenotypes. We examined whether the anorexia nervosa (AN), OCD, or AN/OCD transdiagnostic polygenic scores (PGS) predict eating disorders, OCD, and anxiety symptoms in a large population-based developmental cohort. Using summary statistics files from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Freeze 2 AN and Freeze 1 OCD GWAS, we first conducted an AN/OCD transdiagnostic GWAS meta-analysis and then calculated PGS for AN, OCD, and AN/OCD in participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children with available genetic and phenotype data on eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety diagnoses and symptoms (sample size 3,212-5,369 per phenotype). We observed sex differences in the PGS prediction of eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety-related phenotypes, with AN genetic risk manifesting at an earlier age and playing a more prominent role in eating disorder phenotypes in boys than in girls. Compulsive exercise was the only phenotype predicted by all three PGS (e.g., PAN(boys)=0.0141 at age 14; POCD(girls)=0.0070 at age 16; PAN/OCD(all)=0.0297 at age 14). Our results suggest that earlier detection of eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety-related symptoms could be made possible by including measurement of genetic risk for these psychiatric conditions while being mindful of sex differences.

Download Full-text

Blocking Tics in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.686785 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Justyna Kaczyńska ◽

Piotr Janik

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Tourette Syndrome ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Severe Form ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Clinical Correlates ◽

Clinical Associations ◽

Motor Acts

Introduction: Patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) may experience blocking tics (BTs) defined as recurrent, brief cessations of motor acts. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, age of onset, and clinical correlates of BTs in GTS patients.Materials and Methods: We performed a one-time registration study in a cohort of 195 consecutive GTS patients aged 5–66 years (mean age: 15.0 ± 9.2; 47 females, 24.1%). All patients were personally interviewed and examined.Results: At least one BT occurred at some point in the lifetime of 73 patients (37.4%) with a mean age of onset of 10.4 ± 5.9 years. BTs occurred an average of 4.8 ± 5.3 years after tic onset. The most common BT was cessation of walking (n = 59, 80.8%), followed by speech (n = 19, 26.0%), running (n = 18, 24.7%), and writing (n = 9, 12.3%). Most of the patients (n = 52, 71.2%) reported cessation of only one activity. Clinical associations of BTs included more severe tics, overall greater number of tics, and, to a lesser extent, higher age at evaluation and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder.Conclusions: BTs represent complex tics, early and common symptoms of GTS, and are associated with a more severe form of GTS.

Download Full-text

Phenotypic Variability in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Relationship to Familial Risk

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900011883 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 57-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David L. Pauls

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Segregation Analysis ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Important Data ◽

Compulsive Disorder

ABSTRACTTwin and family studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have gleaned important data regarding the influence of genetic factors in the development of this disorder. These studies have shown that understanding the importance of genetic factors in OCD is largely dependent upon how the phenotype is classified. The last decade of research has found that substantial variability of symptomatology exists across individuals diagnosed with OCD. Considering this, a number of analyses have been conducted to determine if possible subtypes of OCD exist, including analysis of age of onset, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and segregation analysis. These methodologies, and possibly others, could aid in identifying the genes involved in the development of OCD.

Download Full-text