The impact of short and long sleep duration on instrumental activities of daily living among stroke survivors

Introduction This study explored the impact of HIV on the functional recovery of personal activities of daily living of stroke survivors. This assisted in identifying possible implications for the rehabilitation of stroke survivors who are also HIV-positive. Method A quantitative, descriptive, longitudinal comparative research design was used to determine the change in personal activities of daily living scores of HIV-negative and HIV-positive stroke survivors from admission to 1 month after discharge. Data were collected at a rehabilitation unit using the South African Database Functional Measure. Results There was no difference in the rate and nature of functional recovery of personal activities of daily living between the two groups between admission and discharge. A difference was noticed during the period from admission to 1 month after discharge, during which the HIV-negative group continued to show improvement, while the HIV-positive group showed little improvement or a decline in personal activities of daily living scores. Conclusions While the rate and nature of functional recovery related to personal activities of daily living for HIV-positive and HIV-negative stroke survivors is similar during inpatient care, discharge planning for the HIV-positive group needs to consider the decline in personal activities of daily living functioning post discharge. Regular follow-ups and the inclusion of the stroke survivors in an outpatient treatment programme is recommended.

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Impact of impairment in instrumental activities of daily living and mild cognitive impairment on time to incident dementia: results of the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171000142x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 1087-1097 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

T. Luck ◽

M. Luppa ◽

M. C. Angermeyer ◽

A. Villringer ◽

H.-H. König ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

The Impact ◽

Mean Time

BackgroundEarly diagnosis of dementia requires knowledge about associated predictors. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) on the time to an incident dementia diagnosis.MethodData were derived from the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA75+), a population-based study of individuals aged ⩾75 years. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine time to incident dementia. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to determine the impact of MCI and IADL impairment on the time to incident dementia.ResultsIn total, 180 (22.0%) of 819 initially dementia-free subjects developed dementia by the end of the study. Mean time to incident dementia was 6.7 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.5–6.9]. MCI combined with IADL impairment was associated with a higher conversion rate to dementia, a shorter time to clinically manifest diagnosis and a lower chance of reversibility to cognitive normal. The highest risk for a shorter time to incident dementia was found for amnestic MCI combined with IADL impairment. The mean time to incident dementia was 3.7 years (95% CI 2.9–4.4) and thus half as long as in subjects without MCI and IADL impairment.ConclusionsSubjects with MCI and IADL impairment constitute a high-risk population for future dementia. The consideration of both – MCI and IADL impairment – might help to improve the prediction of dementia.

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The impact of near visual impairment on instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling older adults in Selangor

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05813-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qiu Ting Kee ◽

Mohd Harimi Abd Rahman ◽

Norliza Mohamad Fadzil ◽

Zainora Mohammed ◽

Suzana Shahar

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Daily Living ◽

Visually Impaired ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Activity Of Daily Living ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

Iadl Disability ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective Near visual impairment (VI) is a common disability in an aging population. Near vision is crucial in activity of daily living including reading, smartphone and computer use and meal preparation. This study was conducted to determine the association between near visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) with activity of daily living (ADL) among visually impaired older adults. Results A total of 208 participants aged ≥ 60 were recruited from the population-based longitudinal study on neuroprotective model for healthy longevity. Habitual near VA and CS were measured using Lighthouse near VA chart and Pelli-Robson CS chart, respectively. Lawton instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was used to assess ADL. There are 41.8% participants with near visual impairment and 28.7% among them had IADL disability. Independent t test showed significant lower mean IADL score among visually impaired participants [t(206) = 2.03, p = 0.04]. IADL score significantly correlated with near VA (r = − 0.21, p = 0.05) but not with CS (r = − 0.14, p = 0.21). Near VA (B = − 0.44, p = 0.03) and age (B = − 0.07, p = 0.01) significantly predicted IADL. The findings show poorer VA renders higher IADL disability, which may necessitate interventions to improve ADL among visually impaired older adults.

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Impairment Tutorial: Impairment Classes and Ranges

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2003.mayjun02 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 4-10

Author(s):

Christopher R. Brigham ◽

Kathryn Mueller

Keyword(s):

Physical Examination ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Daily Living ◽

Disease Process ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

X Ray ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

The Impact

Abstract Many chapters in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) provide a range of numbers within four or five impairment classes, and evaluating physicians are required to justify the choice of a class and the impairment rating within the range specified for that class. The process of assigning a class is accomplished by an assessment of the patient's disease process, objective findings, activities of daily living (ADLs), and required continuing medical treatment. A table in the article provides hyperlinks to different scales for measurement of instrumental activities of daily living and ADL; use of these standardized instruments increases the reliability of assessing the impact on ADLs. After describing the patient's ability to perform ADLs, the evaluating physician should ensure that the physical examination and laboratory findings lead to the final diagnosis used for rating. To provide an impairment rating, the evaluator must identify and confirm a physiologic abnormality via physical examination or laboratory or x-ray findings consistent with the diagnosis. Impairment rating must be based on a clearly established diagnosis, not solely on subjective complaints from the patient. As with all impairment evaluations, the rating should be based on a thoughtful evaluation and obtaining the data needed to apply the criteria specified in the AMA Guides.

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Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scales to Detect Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210532 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Heather Yemm ◽

Dame Louise Robinson ◽

Stella-Maria Paddick ◽

Catherine Dotchin ◽

Michaela Louise Goodson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

The Impact ◽

Low And Middle Income

Background: The largest proportion of people with dementia worldwide live in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs), with dementia prevalence continuing to rise. Assessment and diagnosis of dementia involves identifying the impact of cognitive decline on function, usually measured by instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Objective: This review aimed to identify IADL measures which are specifically developed, validated, or adapted for use in LMICs to guide selection of such tools. Methods: A systematic search was conducted (fourteen databases) up to April 2020. Only studies reporting on development, validation, or adaptation of IADL measures for dementia or cognitive impairment among older adults (aged over 50) in LMICs were included. The QUADAS 2 was used to assess quality of diagnostic accuracy studies. Results: 22 papers met inclusion criteria; identifying 19 discrete IADL tools across 11 LMICs. These were either translated from IADL measures used in high-income countries (n = 6), translated and adapted for cultural differences (n = 6), or newly developed for target LMIC populations (n = 7). Seven measures were investigated in multiple studies; overall quality of diagnostic accuracy was moderate to good. Conclusion: Reliability, validity, and accuracy of IADL measures for supporting dementia diagnosis within LMICs was reported. Key components to consider when selecting an IADL tool for such settings were highlighted, including choosing culturally appropriate, time-efficient tools that account for gender- and literacy-bias, and can be conducted by any volunteer with appropriate training. There is a need for greater technical and external validation of IADL tools across different regions, countries, populations, and cultures.

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Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (iADL) Limitations in Europe: An Assessment of SHARE Data

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17207387 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (20) ◽

pp. 7387

Author(s):

Diana Portela ◽

Marta Almada ◽

Luís Midão ◽

Elísio Costa

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Female Gender ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

Share Data ◽

Lower Education ◽

Perception Of Health ◽

The Impact

This study aims to evaluate the instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) limitations in Europe and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, economic parameters and physical and mental health status. We used data from the wave 6 of SHARE database. Individuals were classified as having either none or one or more limitations on iADLs. Participants aged 65 or more years who answered all questions for the variables included in this work were selected. A total of 54.8% of participants were female and had a mean age of 74.37 (SD = 7.08) years. A global prevalence of 1 or more iADLs in Europe was shown to be 23.8% and more prevalent in women than in men (27.1% vs. 17.6%) and in people aged 85 years or more (51.5%). Older age, female gender, lower education, physical inactivity, frailty, having two or more chronic diseases, presence of depression, polypharmacy, poor self-perception of health and lower network satisfaction were found to be factors associated with the presence of 1 or more iADLs limitation. This study highlights the burden of iADLs limitations at the European level. These are based on a multidimensional biopsychosocial model and are associated with both health conditions and environmental factors. This intersection between the physical and social world underscores its potential as a health indicator and can, to some extent, explain some of the pronounced differences seen among European countries. Different inter-tasks can also stress different dimensions of health indicators in distinct and specific groups of individuals. Minimizing the impact of iADL limitations can improve the quality and sustainability of public health systems.

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