Quantification of soil microorganisms under several cover crops managed with no-tillage system for fifteen years in the Brazilian Cerrado

ABSTRACT Assessing soil quality under different cover crops or different management systems is essential to its conservation. This study aimed to evaluate an Oxisol cultivated with corn and cotton, after different crop successions and under no-tillage system (NTS) and conventional tillage system (CT), through the soil quality index (SQI), using an area of native Cerrado as reference. The study was carried out in the municipality of Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Western Bahia, Brazil. Soil samples with the preserved and non-preserved structure were collected in the layers of 0-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m, and 0.10-0.20 m to determine the macroporosity, the soil bulk density, the available water, the levels of total organic carbon, the clay dispersed in water, and the degree of flocculation. The averages of the attributes measured in the treatments and the soil quality index, which was elaborated by the method of deviations of the values of the attributes measured in the treatments concerning the reference area, followed by normalization, were compared by the Duncan test (p ≤ 0.05). The soil under CT, in all treatments, had its quality reduced when compared to the NTS. Also, the SQI used was sensitive to detect the changes caused by the management systems and assign consistent scores to the evaluated soil quality.

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Diversity and Longevity of the Soybean Debris Mycobiota in a No-Tillage System

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.5.530 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 530-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

R. E. Baird ◽

B. G. Mullinix ◽

A. B. Peery ◽

M. L. Lang

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Fungal Species ◽

No Tillage ◽

Cercospora Kikuchii ◽

Tillage System ◽

Mesh Bags ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Fungi

The survival of the mycobiota on pod and stem debris of soybean produced in a no-tillage system with cover crops of alfalfa, canola, rye, or wheat or with no cover was studied during 1994 and 1995. Fiberglass mesh bags containing pods and stems were assayed every 28 to 31 days to determine the isolation frequency of fungi. Over 90% of the 11,906 isolates obtained were members of the Deuteromycotina. The most common genera isolated were Alternaria, Cercos-pora, Colletotrichum, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Phoma. Alternaria spp. had the greatest isolation frequencies and constituted 40% of the total cultures. Numbers of total fungi (all fungi isolated) on sampling dates in 1994 were similar to the totals in 1995. In May 1994, the mean isolation rates for many of the fungal species were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in several of the cover crops, but no consistent pattern could be determined. Common soybean pathogens isolated included Colletotrichum spp., Diaporthe spp., and Cercospora kikuchii. Fusarium graminearum, which is responsible for several diseases of maize and wheat, was commonly isolated during this study. Of the Diaporthe spp. (anamorph Phomopsis spp.), 87% were identified as D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Colletotrichum spp. were identified as C. truncatum in 85% of the isolates, C. destructivum (teleomorph Glomerella glycines) in 12%, and both species in 3%. Cercospora kikuchii was more commonly isolated from pods than from stem tissue, and Colletotrichum spp. occurred more frequently on stems. Isolation frequencies of Diaporthe spp. were greater in May of both years than in the preceding months. These results show that no-tillage soybean debris harbors numerous fungi pathogenic to soybean, and producers who grow soybeans continuously may find more disease in this crop and lower yields. Fungi that attack crops such as maize and wheat were commonly isolated from soybean debris in both years, and a no-tillage rotation which includes maize or wheat could result in increased disease in these crops. Isolation frequencies of the fungi from cover crops varied with the sampling date, but no consistent patterns could be determined for a particular cover crop or fungal species. This is the first detailed study of survival rates of soybean, maize, and wheat pathogens that overwinter on soybean debris in a no-tillage system.

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Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of italian ryegrass in No‐Tillage System

Crop Science ◽

10.1002/csc2.20651 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joanei Cechin ◽

Maicon Fernando Schmitz ◽

Jonathan Schwanz Torchelsen ◽

Miria Rosa Durigon ◽

Dirceu Agostinetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

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Structuring potential of some cover crops and crambe in Haplortox under no-tillage system

African Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5897/ajar2016.11725 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 2078-2086

Author(s):

Kazue Tokura Luciene ◽

Secco Deonir ◽

Antonio Zanao Junior Luiz ◽

Antonio Cruz Siqueira Jair ◽

Ferreira Santos Reginaldo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System

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Biomass and Nutrient Accumulation by Cover Crops and Upland Rice Grown in Succession Under No-Tillage System as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s12892-019-0288-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 117-126

Author(s):

Edson Cabral da Silva ◽

Takashi Muraoka ◽

Alefe Viana Souza Bastos ◽

Vinícius Ide Franzin ◽

Salatiér Buzetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Upland Rice ◽

No Tillage ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Tillage System ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

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C and P pool restoration by a no-tillage system on Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol in Piauí State

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ◽

10.1007/s10661-020-8221-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 192 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Géssica Marafon ◽

Ronny Sobreira Barbosa ◽

Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda ◽

Vanessa Martins ◽

João de Deus Ferreira e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

No Tillage ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Tillage System

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MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN A SOIL WITH COVER CROPS IN SUCCESSION WITH MAIZE IN A NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE - Revista de Agricultura ◽

10.37856/bja.v92i2.3210 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 198

Author(s):

Cátia Aparecida SIMON ◽

Meire Silvestrini Cordeiro ◽

Sebastião Ferreira de Lima ◽

Marivaine Da Silva Brasil ◽

Carlos Henrique De David ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Activity ◽

Cover Crops ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System ◽

Beta Glucosidase

Avaliou-se neste estudo o efeito residual de plantas de cobertura na atividade das enzimas fosfatase ácida, arilsulfatase e beta-glucosidase e na respiração basal em solo cultivado com milho no Cerrado sul-mato-grossense. A fosfatase ácida, arilsufatase e beta-glucosidase variaram respectivamente de 755 a 1111; 74 a 131 e 167 a 299 µg p-nitrofenol g solo-1 h-1. As plantas de cobertura de espécies gramíneas proporcionaram maior atividade enzimática no solo quando comparada as demais. As coberturas Urochoa ruziziensis, sorgo e Urochoa brizanta promoveram os maiores valores nas atividades das enzimas do solo fosfatase ácida e arilsulfatase e os menores valores de respiração basal do solo. Para a enzima beta glucosidase a cobertura que proporcionou o maior valor de atividade foi o milheto, onde também foi observado maior valor de respiração do solo. De maneira geral, as menores atividades enzimáticas foram observadas em solo com as coberturas nabo forrageiro e crambe.

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Soil macrofauna associated with cover crops in an Oxisol from the southwest of Piauí state, Brazil

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000822018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

Author(s):

Djavan Pinheiro Santos ◽

Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽

Ronny Sobreira Barbosa ◽

Juvenal Pereira da Silva Junior ◽

Everaldo Moreira da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Soil Management ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Grass Species ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil Macrofauna ◽

Tillage System ◽

Sole Cropping

ABSTRACT: The soil macrofauna is fundamental for the maintenance of soil quality. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil macrofauna under different species of cover crops, including monoculture or intercropping associated to two types of soil management in the southwest region of Piauí state. The study was carried out in an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo, according to Brazilian Soil Classification System) in the municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, distributed in 30 m2 plots. Testing and evaluation of the soil macrofauna were conducted in a 9 × 2 strip factorial design, with combinations between cover crops/consortia and soil management (with or without tillage), with four replications. Soil monoliths (0.25 × 0.25 m) were randomly sampled in each plot for macrofauna at 0‒0.1, 0.1‒0.2, and 0.2‒0.3 m depth, including surface litter. After identification and counting of soil organims, the relative density of each taxon in each depth was determined. The total abundance of soil macrofauna quantified under cover crops in the conventional and no-tillage system was 2,408 ind. m-2, distributed in 6 classes, 16 orders, and 31 families. The results of multivariate analysis show that grass species in sole cropping systems and no-tillage presents higher macrofauna density, in particular the taxonomic group Isoptera. No-tillage also provided higher richness of families, where Coleoptera adult were the second more abundant group in no-tillage and Hemiptera in conventional tillage.

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Chemical control of stalk regrowth in glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n8p530-534 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 530-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alexandre C. de B. Ferreira ◽

Julio C. Bogiani ◽

Valdinei Sofiatti ◽

João L. da Silva Filho

Keyword(s):

Chemical Control ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Transgenic Cotton ◽

No Tillage ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Cotton Stalk ◽

Single Application ◽

Mechanical Destruction ◽

Glufosinate Ammonium ◽

Tillage System

ABSTRACT Cotton stalk regrowth must be controlled after harvest to ensure the phytosanitary quality and sustainability of cotton farming systems. Mechanical destruction generally does not conform to the no-tillage system, and the control of cotton stalk regrowth by herbicides is little studied in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton stalk regrowth. The study was conducted in three environments of the Brazilian Cerrado region, two in Santa Helena de Goiás (SHGO), during 2013 and 2014, and one in Luís Eduardo Magalhães (LEM-BA) in 2014. In each of the three environments, the experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block with four replications. Each experiment consisted of different combinations of herbicides and one untreated control. Cotton stalk regrowth was influenced by the three environments. Two sequential 2,4-D amine applications, each with 1,000 g ha-1 of acid equivalent, resulted in better cotton stalk destruction, albeit with 4.9, 16.9 and 36.9% of cotton stalk regrowth in SHGO 2013 and 2014, and LEM-BA 2014, respectively. A single application of 2,4-D amine and a 2,4-D amine spraying followed by the application of carfentrazone-ethyl, paraquat, saflufenacil, paraquat + diuron or glufosinate-ammonium are not effective to control glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton stalk regrowth. The best destruction of cotton stalk regrowth occurs with two sequential applications of 2,4-D amine.

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PLANTAS DE COBERTURA E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO MILHO EM PLANTIO DIRETO SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EM SOLO DE CERRADO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v15n3p439-449 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

GUILHERME FELISBERTO ◽

PATRÍCIA APARECIDA DE CARVALHO FELISBERTO ◽

LEANDRO FLÁVIO CARNEIRO ◽

PAULO CÉSAR TIMOSSI ◽

FLÁVIO HIROSHI KANEKO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

No Tillage ◽

Crambe Abyssinica ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

RESUMO – A resposta à adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho é dependente do tipo de solo, sistema de cultivo, dose empregada e cultura antecessora. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos dos resíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e da adubação nitrogenada no milho cultivado em sequência, sob sistema de plantio direto em consolidação no Cerrado. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 10 x 4, em delineamento de blocos casualizados e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas foram os resíduos do cultivo de dez plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus e Urochloa ruziziensis) e, nas subparcelas, foram testadas quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N) em cobertura no estádio V5 da cultura do milho. Observou-se baixa resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, o que foi atribuído principalmente à ocorrência de déficit hídrico nas fases de florescimento e enchimento de grãos. De modo geral, as características agronômicas do milho foram mais influenciadas pela adubação nitrogenada do que pelas plantas de cobertura cultivadas anteriormente. O ganho médio de produtividade de grãos foi da ordem de 3,7 kg para cada 1 kg de N aplicado. O milho após Urochloa ruziziensis e Crambe abyssinica apresenta menor produtividade em relação ao uso das outras espécies de plantas de cobertura, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada.Palavras-chave: adubação verde, sistema conservacionista, veranico, Zea mays.COVER CROPS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON MAIZE GROWN IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM UNDER WATER DEFICIT ON CERRADO SOILABSTRACT - The response to nitrogen fertilization of the corn is dependent on the type of soil, cropping system, dose used and preceding crop. In this context, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cover crops residues and nitrogen fertilization on corn grown in succession, under no-tillage system in the Cerrado region. The experiment was arranged in a factorial 10 x 4, in a randomized complete block design and subdivided plot scheme, with four replications. The treatments of the plots were the residues of ten cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus and Urochloa ruziziensis) and in the subplots four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N) were tested in the V5 stage of the corn. A low response to nitrogen fertilization was observed, which was mainly attributed to the occurrence of water deficit at the flowering and grain filling stages. In general, the agronomic characteristics of corn were more influenced by nitrogen fertilization than by the cover crops previously cultivated. The average gain of grain yield was of the order of 3.7 kg for each 1 kg ha-1 of N applied. Corn after Urochloa ruziziensis and Crambe abyssinica presented lower productivity compared to the use of other cover crop species, regardless nitrogen fertilization.Keywords: green manure, conservation tillage system, summer water deficit, Zea mays.

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