scholarly journals The growth and development of different varieties of winter wheat varieties when grown after a pair of green manure in the southern part of the right-bank forest-steppe

2013 ◽  
Vol 0 (1(1)) ◽  
Author(s):  
С. О. Третьякова ◽  
А. С. Третьяков
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Right ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals Black point of winter wheat seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
L. Holosna
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
The Right ◽  
Wheat Seeds ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Goal. To study infection of seeds of winter wheat varieties by «black point» and to establish the phytopathogenic composition of pathogens in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Laboratory — macroscopic analysis was performed according to DSTU 4138-2002, phytopathogenic composition was identified using nutrient medium, statistical analysis of the obtained data — calculation of the degree of pathogen severity, LSD. Results. A collection of 27 varieties of soft winter wheat was studied to determine the degree of seed infection. The highest percentage of infection was found in varieties Vodogray Bilotserkivsky (Ukraine), Adele (Russia), Balitus (Austria), Viglanka (Slovakia), Sefeg-2 (Azerbaijan). The least susceptible to the disease are varieties Daria (Croatia), Bodycek (France), Gratsia Bilotserkivska (Ukraine, Bila Tserkva DSS), Azano (Sweden), Gospodarka (Ukraine), Kozyr (Ukraine), Morozko (Russia), the number of grains with signs of darkening in the embryonic zone for these varieties did not exceed 1%. The sowing qualities of the diseased seeds were determined. The species composition of phytopathogens that cause the disease has been established. The phytopathogenic complex of seeds with the «black point» included fungi of the genera Alternaria, Fusarium, Curvularia, Bipolaris, Aspergillus, Acremoniella, Stemphillium, Sordaria and Epicoccum. Most often, the seeds were colonized by fungi of the genus Alternaria Nees. Their share in the years of research was 76.6—83.1%. Conclusions. The infection of seeds of winter wheat varieties by black point under conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2018—2019 ranged from 0 to 19.8% depending on the variety and year of research. The phytopathogenic complex included 13 species of fungi from 9 genera: Alternaria, Fusarium, Curvularia, Bipolaris, Aspergillus, Acremoniella, Stemphillium, Sordaria, Epicoccum. The part of Alternaria spp. in the years of research was over 75%, the most common species were A. tenuissima and A. infectoria. The percentage of species from other genera was insignificant and did not exceed 4.6%.

scholarly journals Ecological Plasticity of New Winter Wheat Varieties Under Environments of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe and Polissia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Demydov ◽  
Vira Kyrylenko ◽  
Bohdana Blyzniuk ◽  
Halyna Volohdina ◽  
Oleksandr Humeniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals Variability of Winter Wheat Quality Features in Northern Trans-Urals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Volkova ◽  
Raisa I. Belkina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Testing Site ◽  
Grain Unit ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The studies were carried out in laboratory conditions on the basis of the Agrotechnological Institute of Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University. The studies include 5 varieties of winter wheat grown in 2009-2011 in three agroclimatic zones of Tyumen Region: sub-regional (Nizhnetavdinsky state crop testing site), northern forest steppe (Yalutorovsky state crop testing site), southern forest steppe (Berduzhsky state crop testing site). Bashkirskaya variety – 10 (45 g) demonstrated the highest potential in the formation of a 1000 grain weight. The same variety has the highest range of variability (11.7 g) and the variability coefficient (10.9%) indicates average variability. Other varieties showed minor variability of characteristic (V = 8.7-9.9%). Winter wheat varieties varied in terms of average hardness, at the same time the level of values of all varieties (66-77%) corresponded to the standards of high classes according to GOST. Novosibirskayaaya 32 (61-93%) and Bashkirskaya 10 (60-86%) varieties were the most stable in forming the required value of characteristic. The average gluten content in a grain of winter wheat varieties was corresponded to the standards of the third class according to GOST. Novosibirskaya 32 variety (V = 8.5%) had minor variability of the characteristic, while other varieties demonstrated the average variability. A significant proportion of the effect of the “variety” factor on the variability of such features as a 1000 grain weight (56.5%), grain-unit (50.5%) and hardness (45.1%) was established. The amount of gluten depended more on the growing environment (35.5%) and interaction of factors (39.3%). The quality of gluten was much influenced by the growing environment (52.2%).

scholarly journals Breeding evaluation of chinese bread winter wheat varieties recent in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
O.M. Bakumenko ◽  
V.A. Vlasenko ◽  
O.M. Osmachko ◽  
Fanhua Meng ◽  
Qian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
North East ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Experimental researches had been carried out during 2012–2016 in the crop rotation of Sumy National Agrarian University (SNAU) of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Soils on the experimental field of SNAU – black soil typical deep, non-humusful medium-loam with high and medium provision with elements of mineral nutrition. The humus content about 3.9 %. The reaction of the soil solution is close to neutral (5.8). The analysis of the weather conditions of 2012–2016 researches was conducted on the basis of annual data provided by the meteorological station of the Institute of Agriculture of the North-East of the NAAS, located five kilometers from the experimental field of SNAU. The SNAU soils are classified in the second agro-climatic region of the Sumy region, which according to a long-term data is characterized by temperate continental climate with warm summers and not very cold winters with thaws. Average daily (average annual) air temperature during 2012–2016 fluctuated from +7.9 to +9.5 ºС, and the legth of the frost-free period was close to 230 days. Long-term indicator, precipitation falls within 597–600 mm, with most of it – in the warm period (April-October). In general, the weather conditions during the winter wheat vegetation periods differed from the average annual parameters of the temperature regime, the amount of precipitation and their monthly distribution. It should be noted the excess of temperature to the average long-term index, as well as a slight precipitation increasing. In general, it facilitated to a comprehensive evaluation of the studied Chinese varieties as for an adaptive ability under condition of Ukraine. The samples of Chinese winter wheat varieties which originated from the expeditionary gatherings conducted by V. A. Vlasenko in Gansu and Hebei provinces in (2000–2012) were the material for conducting researches. The cultivar Podolianka (the standard) was used in the study for comparison. The research was carried out using field, laboratory and mathematical-statistical methods. Phenological observations and records, evaluation and harvesting were conducted in accordance with generally accepted methods. The results of research as for adaptive potential of Chinese bread winter wheat varieties are presented. 50 new cultivars of Chinese origin were analyzed under the conditions of left-bank side of North-East Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: super-early varieties – 10 %; early ripening varieties – 54 %; middle-early varieties – 12 %; mid-ripening varieties – 24 %. As for the level of tolerance for winter conditions, all groups of alien crops were inferior to the standard (cultivar Podolyanka) though they had a great level of index (6.4–7.9 points). In general, Chinese cultivars under the conditions of the research were characterized by relatively satisfactory tolerance for winter conditions; 52 % of analyzed patterns wintered at the level of standard with 8 points. Among them: super-early varieties – 2 %; early ripening varieties – 20 %; middle-early varieties – 8 %; mid-ripening varieties – 22 %. As for the height of the plants we identified – from medium-sized (81‒110 cm) forms to dwarf (30-50 cm). The analyzed genotypes divided into medium-sized forms – 22 %, dwarf forms – 14 % and semidwarf forms – 64 %. There was a direct relation between: a plant height → group of ripeness (r = 0.96) → group of ripeness (r = 0.92) → resistance to overwintering (r = 0.78). Among the analyzed patterns high resistance against a group of diseases had the varieties: middle-early genotypes – Longzhong 10, Zhong mai 19, Shijra zhuang 8; mid-ripening genotypes – Longzhong 1, Longzhong 3, Longzhong 2, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 7; early ripening genotypes – DF529, Lankao 906, DF581, СА0175, Zhongmai 9, Shi 4185, Jimai 22, Shixin 733, Shimai 12. As for the crop better than the standard: early ripening varieties –Jimai 19, DF529; middle-early varieties – Shijiazhuang 8, Longzhong 10, Jingdong 8; middle-early varieties – NSA 97-2082, Longzhong 2, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 7, Longzhong 5, Longzhong 8, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 11, Longzhong 3. 16 % of analyzed cultivars distinguished by the totality of researched characteristics – DF529, Shijiazhuang 8, Longzhong 3, Longzhong 10, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 7, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 2.

scholarly journals AUTUMN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER WHEAT PLANTS ON THE IRRIGATED LANDS DEPENDING ON HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS, VARIETIES AND TERMS OF SOWING

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
S. O. Zaiets
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Actuality. For the last few years the instability in grain productions in the Steppe zone has been observed that is mainly connected with the fluctuations of agrometeorological conditions and global climatic change. Climate change made corrections in terms of sowing of winter crops, which are one of the main factors of technological process, which productivity of the crops depends on. Goal. To determine the influence of agrometeorological conditions, varieties and terms of sowing on the growth and development of plants during the autumn period of vegetation when cultivating winter wheat varieties on irrigated lands. Methods. The researches were conducted at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture NAAS using the methodology of field and laboratory experiments on irrigated lands (IOZ  NAAS, 2014). Results. During the study period it was determined that the hydrothermal conditions and the duration of the autumn period for winter wheat vegetation were significantly different. When sowing on the 20th of September, on the 1st of October, and on the 10th of October, the duration of the autumn vegetation period in 2016 was 56, 46 and 36 days, in 2015 - 100, 90 and 80 days and in 2017 - 114, 104 and 94 days respectively. When sowing on the 20th of October, winter wheat plants vegetated during 26, 70 and 84 days, respectively. Sowing terms affected winter wheat sprout population in different ways - when sowing on the 20th of September, it averaged to 372 plants/m2, on the 1st of October - 407 plants/m2, on the 10th of October – 386 plants/m2 and on the 20th of October - 392 plants/m2. It was determined that at different terms of sowing the plants entered in winter period with uneven growth and development. When sowing on the 20th of September all the varieties in autumn tillered, and in average for three years they created 4.1-5.0 shoots, developed more herbage mass of 713-761 g/m2 in comparison to other terms of sowing. The later wheat was sown, the less the plant tillering was, therefore, less herbage mass was formed. Conclusions. Agrometeorological conditions of autumn period and terms of sowing significantly affect the population of sprouts and growth processes of the plants of current winter wheat varieties. The highest plant population of all the varieties was formed when sowing on the 1st of October, the least one was formed by the varieties Mariia and Kokhana at early sowing on the 20th of September, and variety Ovidii – at early sowing on the 20th of September, and at late sowing on the 20th of October. That is, the Ovid variety is more responsive to the terms of sowing and to the deviation from the optimal (October 1) and leads to a decrease in the sprouting density. When sowing on the 20th of September and on the 1st of October all the varieties tillered intensively in autumn time, and they formed 4.1-5.0 and 3.3-3.7 shoots, respectively, developed more herbage mass comparatively to other terms of sowing -  713-761 and 313-381 g/m2 respectively. Having these terms of sowing the most intensive tillering was observed on the varieties Mariia and Kokhana, and when sowing in delayed terms no one variety had an advantage over the others.

scholarly journals Variability of elements of yield structure and yield of winter wheat varieties depending from pre-sowing calibration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kyluk ◽  
◽  
O. Onoprienko ◽  
N. Syplyva ◽  
A. Gaidai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Middle Fraction ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article substantiates the need to improve the elements of technology for growing varieties of soft winter wheat, taking into account the size of the seed material and weather conditions of the growing season. It is determined that along with varietal properties, the use of pre-prepared seeds for sowing has an impact on its sowing properties, field germination, growth and development of plants, their formation of elements of productivity and grain yield. The study was conducted on five registered varieties of soft winter wheat 'Tsarychanka', 'Karmelyuk', 'Sidir Kovpak', 'Dykanka' and 'Sanzhara' in the agro-climatic zone of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The results of research showed that the highest field germination of seeds have the variety 'Karmelyuk' for sowing shallow and medium fraction of seeds (94 and 90%, respectively), and the variety 'Dykanka' - sowing medium and large fraction (95 and 86%, respectively). The percentage of germination of seeds of varieties 'Tsarychanka', 'Sanzhara' is almost at the same level 82 and 89, respectively. The highest indicators of elements of structure of an ear are found at the varieties 'Karmelyuk' - 30,5 pieces of grains in an ear, for its weight in an ear of 0,86 g, 'Dykanka' - 30,6 pieces of grains in an ear, for its weight in an ear 0, 87. The use of seeds of the middle fraction for sowing provided the highest yield of varieties 'Karmelyuk', 'Dykanka' which amounted to 4.7 t / ha. When sowing seeds of a large fraction, the highest yields were obtained by 'Dykanka' and 'Sanzhara' varieties - 4.8 and 4.9 t / ha, respectively. The aim of the study. To determine the influence of seed fraction on sowing qualities, variability of yield elements of soft winter wheat varieties. The experiment was conducted in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine, using general research methods studied in agronomy The material for the study were winter wheat varieties of Poltava State Agrarian Academy: "Tsarchanka", "Karmelyuk", "Sidir Kovpak", "Dykanka" and "Sanzhara". Sowing of the studied varieties was carried out with seeds selected on sieves and divided into fractions: shallow (1), medium (2), large (3), and mixture (4). Agrotechnics in the study are generally accepted for the soil-climatic zone of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The increase in the weight of 1000 grains was significantly influenced by sowing with the middle fraction of seeds, which is characteristic of the variety 'Sidir Kovpak' (50.4 g), large - 'Tsarychanka' (52.5 g), 'Dykanka' (49.2 g) and 'Sanzhara' (48.4 g), for the variety 'Karmelyuk' the weight of the grain increases when sown with a mixture of seeds (52.0 g). It was determined that the size of the seed material had an impact on the elements of the structure of the ear of corn and grain size. Thus, the variety 'Tsarichanka' formed 26.8 pieces. grains in the ear, for its weight of 0.65 g when sown by the average fraction of seeds, variety 'Karmelyuk' on the same variants of the experiment, respectively - 30.5 pcs. and 0.86 g, grade 'Sidir Kovpak' - 27.4 pcs. and 0.85 g, 'Dykanka' - 30.6 pcs. and 0.86 g. For these varieties, the dependence is established: sowing in shallow and large fractions, as well as a mixture of seeds reduces the number and weight of grains from the ear. In the variety 'Sanzhara' revealed a maximum increase in the number of grains from the ear to 26.8 pieces. and the mass of grain from the ear of 0.88 g in the options for sowing a large fraction of seeds Yields of the studied varieties of winter wheat depending on the size of the seed material varied in the range from 3.08 to 4.86 t / ha, with the highest value in option 3 (large seeds) in the varieties 'Sanzhara' (4.9 t / ha) and 'Dykanka' (4.8 t / ha), on option 2 (average seed) 'Karmelyuk' (4.67 t / ha), 'Sidir Kovpak' (4.29 t / ha) and 'Tsarychanka' - 4 .0 t / ha. It was found that the yield of all studied varieties of winter wheat has a strong correlation with seed size and number of grains in the ear (r> 0.70), the average correlation between the weight of 1000 grains and grain yield was found in varieties' Tsarychanka ',' Karmelyuk 'and' Dykanka '(r = 0.31… 0.69). In the variety 'Sanzhara', the weight of the grain from the ear and the yield have a rectilinear correlation of medium strength.

scholarly journals Adaptive capacity of winter wheat varieties and formation of qualitative properties of grain of various ecological and geographical origin

1970 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
V. H. Kryzhanivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Purpose. Investigate the features of adaptive ability of winter wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin and reveal the mechanisms of formation of such valuable features as the nature of grain and yield. Methods. In this work, a systematic method of the variants placement was used; field methods – for conducting phenological observations and accounting, laboratory (for establishment of collection varieties), biometric and measuring-weight (for accounting the productivity and yield), mathematical and statistical (objective evaluation of the obtained experimental data). Results. The research was conducted in the research field of the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology of Uman National University of Horticulture in 2019-2020. Over the years of research, the nature of grain has changed somewhat. Thus, in 2019, in the varieties that were created in the southern Forest-Steppe, it ranged from 733-766 g/l, while in 2020 these values were 719-748 g/l. In wheat varieties created for the Steppe natural zone, the figure for 2019 was in the range from 743 to 791 g/l, in 2020 it was 719-774 g/l. In 2020, the yield of winter wheat grain of the SN Kombin variety (Forest-Steppe zone) was the highest and amounted to 748 g/l, which is more than the indicators of the Columbia variety and the standard by 42 and 28 g/l respectively. Of the varieties created in the southern Forest-Steppe, Columbia had the lowest yield – 4.1 t/ha. The SN Kombin variety exceeded the Smuglyanka variety by 2.0 t/ha. High grain yield was in the Samurai variety, created in the Steppe zone, which was 10.3 t/ha, or more by 9%. Conclusions. The highest indicator of grain yield was found in the variety Anter, which was 774 g/l, which is 59 g/l more than the control. During the years of research, the weight of 1000 grains in the Samurai variety was the highest and amounted to 47.1 g, which is higher than the standard by 1.3 g. High grain yield was in the Samurai variety, created in the Steppe zone, which was 10.6 t/ha , or by 1.4 t/ha more compared to the standard. Variety Anter formed a 9.2 t/ha grain yield (at the level of the Smuglyanka variety). Thus, on average, for two years of research, the highest yields showed the SN Kombin and Samurai varieties, which amounted to 10.9 and 10.3 t/ha respectively. Other varieties of wheat, such as Smuglyanka and Anter, had almost the same yield – 8.9-8.8 t/ha.

scholarly journals Ecological plasticity of winter wheat varieties depending on root nitrogen nutrition in the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
С. І. Попов ◽  
О. Ю. Леонов ◽  
К. М. Попова ◽  
С. В. Авраменко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Root Nitrogen ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties
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