scholarly journals AUTUMN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER WHEAT PLANTS ON THE IRRIGATED LANDS DEPENDING ON HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS, VARIETIES AND TERMS OF SOWING

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
S. O. Zaiets
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Actuality. For the last few years the instability in grain productions in the Steppe zone has been observed that is mainly connected with the fluctuations of agrometeorological conditions and global climatic change. Climate change made corrections in terms of sowing of winter crops, which are one of the main factors of technological process, which productivity of the crops depends on. Goal. To determine the influence of agrometeorological conditions, varieties and terms of sowing on the growth and development of plants during the autumn period of vegetation when cultivating winter wheat varieties on irrigated lands. Methods. The researches were conducted at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture NAAS using the methodology of field and laboratory experiments on irrigated lands (IOZ  NAAS, 2014). Results. During the study period it was determined that the hydrothermal conditions and the duration of the autumn period for winter wheat vegetation were significantly different. When sowing on the 20th of September, on the 1st of October, and on the 10th of October, the duration of the autumn vegetation period in 2016 was 56, 46 and 36 days, in 2015 - 100, 90 and 80 days and in 2017 - 114, 104 and 94 days respectively. When sowing on the 20th of October, winter wheat plants vegetated during 26, 70 and 84 days, respectively. Sowing terms affected winter wheat sprout population in different ways - when sowing on the 20th of September, it averaged to 372 plants/m2, on the 1st of October - 407 plants/m2, on the 10th of October – 386 plants/m2 and on the 20th of October - 392 plants/m2. It was determined that at different terms of sowing the plants entered in winter period with uneven growth and development. When sowing on the 20th of September all the varieties in autumn tillered, and in average for three years they created 4.1-5.0 shoots, developed more herbage mass of 713-761 g/m2 in comparison to other terms of sowing. The later wheat was sown, the less the plant tillering was, therefore, less herbage mass was formed. Conclusions. Agrometeorological conditions of autumn period and terms of sowing significantly affect the population of sprouts and growth processes of the plants of current winter wheat varieties. The highest plant population of all the varieties was formed when sowing on the 1st of October, the least one was formed by the varieties Mariia and Kokhana at early sowing on the 20th of September, and variety Ovidii – at early sowing on the 20th of September, and at late sowing on the 20th of October. That is, the Ovid variety is more responsive to the terms of sowing and to the deviation from the optimal (October 1) and leads to a decrease in the sprouting density. When sowing on the 20th of September and on the 1st of October all the varieties tillered intensively in autumn time, and they formed 4.1-5.0 and 3.3-3.7 shoots, respectively, developed more herbage mass comparatively to other terms of sowing -  713-761 and 313-381 g/m2 respectively. Having these terms of sowing the most intensive tillering was observed on the varieties Mariia and Kokhana, and when sowing in delayed terms no one variety had an advantage over the others.

scholarly journals Transgressive variability in the number of ears of the main spike in F2 populations when crossing soft winter wheat varieties of different early maturity.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
H. L. Ustinova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Positive Degree ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Aim. Determination of the degree and frequency of positive transgressions by the number of ears of the main spike in F2 populations created by crossing varieties of soft winter wheat of different maturity depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the year and selection of economically valuable biotypes for subsequent breeding work. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. In the majority of F2 populations, created by hybridization of soft winter wheat varieties of different vegetation periods, a significant form-making process took place in terms of the number of spikelets in the main spike. The experimental data obtained indicate a significant effect of matched pairs before hybridization and hydrothermal conditions of the year on the manifestation and formation of the number of spikelet’s in an ear F2. So, under the conditions of 2019, the majority of F2 populations for the number of spikelet’s in the main spike (17.4–21.5 pcs.) Significantly exceeded the parental forms. A positive degree (Td = 5.3–33.3 %) and the frequency of transgression (Tf = 3.3–96.7 %) were found in 85.7 % of the populations. In 2020, the average population number of spikelets in the main spike (15.0–18.6 pcs.) Was significantly less. When used in hybridization of early maturing varieties by the parent form, the decrease in the number of spikelets was 0.5–19.9 %. At the same time, for crossing mid-early, mid-ripening and mid-late varieties, the number of spikelets decreased by 2.8–28.9 %. Thus, it can be argued that populations in which early maturing varieties were the maternal form are less exposed to unfavorable conditions of the year. A positive degree (Td = 5.3–38.9 %) and the frequency of recombinants (Tf = 3.3–46.7 %), under the conditions of 2020, was established in 35 out of 42 F2 populations, which amounted to 83.3 %. Conclusions. The use of winter wheat varieties of different early maturity in hybridization in most cases contributes to the formation of F2 in populations and the selection of positive transgressive biotypes by the number of spikelets in the main spike. Conducted studies have established a significant effect of the parental forms used in hybridization and the hydrothermal conditions of the year on the formation of the number of spikelets in the main spike in F2 populations of soft winter wheat. Populations where the early maturing varieties were the maternal form are characterized by a more stable manifestation of the number of spikelets in the main spike. The decrease in the number of spikelets in 2020 compared to 2019 was 0.5–19.9 % for 2.8–28.9 % in populations obtained by hybridization of mid-early, mid-ripening and mid-late varieties. In years with contrasting hydrothermal conditions, hybrid populations F2 were identified, which formed more than the average F2 number of spikelets in the main spike and had high rates of the degree and frequency of positive transgressions, namely: Mironovskaya early / Kolchuga; Kolchuga / Stolichnaya; Shchedraia niva / Vidrada; Antonovka / Stolichnaya.

scholarly journals Ecological trial of the winter wheat varieties of the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
V. L. Sapunkov ◽  
A. V. Solonkin ◽  
A. V. Guzenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The current paper has presented the trial results of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in 2018 -2020. Currently, the farmers have bred a lot of different wheat varieties, but they are not able to take into account all the peculiarities of their cultivation. The purpose of the current work was to study the features of the autumn and spring-summer vegetation periods of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. There have been selected 10 winter wheat varieties for the trials. The field trial was laid down on dark chestnut soils of the lands of the Serafimovichsky district in the Volgograd region. The study was carried out according to the generally accepted B.A. Dospekhov’s methodology. The field trials showed that the germination of winter wheat was influenced by a seeding depth, which was 7-9 cm. The best germination was found among the varieties ‘Asket’, ‘Etyud’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Donskaya Step’ and ‘Zhavoronok’. During the trials, the formation of a productive stand was greatly influenced by the weather (the length of a spring tillering period, precipitation in May), as well as the traits of the variety. The winter wheat varieties ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Donskaya Step’, ‘Krasa Dona’ were able to form a large number of productive stems under favorable weather conditions. Under insufficient moisture supply, the largest number of productive stems was formed by the varieties ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Lilit’. The highest tillering intensity during an autumn vegetation period was shown by the variety ‘Lidiya’ (4.7–6.2 shoots), including the varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.2–5.4 shoots) and ‘Etyud’ (4.0–5.3 shoots). The largest productivity was produced by the varieties ‘Donskaya Step’ (4.97 t/ha), ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.95 t/ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (4.90 t/ha) over three years.

The Influence of the rates feed and irrigations of the winter wheat of the sort «Durdona» and «Asr» on productivity grain and straw

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Rahmatzhon Kodirov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Main Factor

This article sets out ideas about the need for a particular agrotechnical cultivation of early ripening winter wheat varieties «Durdona» and «Asr», taking into account the soil and climatic conditions, individual feeding norms, irrigation regime. Also, emphasis is placed on soil moisture as the main factor affecting the yield of winter wheat under irrigated agriculture.

scholarly journals Sowing dates and their effect on productivity and grain quality of the winter wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
L. A. Radchenko ◽  
Т. L. Ganotskaya ◽  
А. F. Radchenko ◽  
S. S. Babanina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The analysis of the Crimean weather conditions during the autumn vegetation period of winter wheat indicates climate warming and, in this regard, the necessity to adjust the optimal sowing dates. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the productivity and grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties depending on different sowing dates. The objects of the study were five winter wheat varieties sown in 5 dates from October 1 to November 30 with an interval of 15 days. Field trials were conducted with appropriate observations, records, measurements and analyzes, according to the methodology of the State Variety Testing. Statistical processing of the trials was carried out by the B.A. Dospekhov’s method of dispersion and correlation analyzes. The study was carried out through three years, two vegetation periods of which (2017–2018 and 2019–2020) were dry, one period (2018-2019) was favorable for the development of winter grain crops. According to the results of the analysis of variance, there have been identified significant differences in the effect of all three factors (‘variety’, ‘length’ and ‘year’) and their correlation in all combinations on the productivity formation. The factors ‘sowing date’ (33%) and ‘correlation between date and year’ (49%) had the greatest influence on the productivity formation. In 2018, the most optimal for all studied varieties was the second sowing date (15.10), in 2019 it was the first (1.10), and under the conditions of 2020, the later sowing dates were more favorable, and the 4th period was marked as optimal (15.11). The mean productivity of all varieties at the optimum sowing dates was 4.0; 5.5 and 3.46 t/ha, respectively. The factors ‘sowing date’, ‘year’, and the correlation between them significantly influenced protein percentage in grain. Their effect on the manifestation of the above trait was 29%, 14% and 23%, respectively; on gluten content it was 29%, 16% and 21%, respectively.

scholarly journals ALLELIC STATUS OF THE Ppd-1 AND VRN-1 GENETIC SYSTEMS IN WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES OF THE INSTITUTE OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE OF NAAS UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1(44)) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
А. О. Бакума ◽  
Г. О. Чеботар ◽  
Ю. О. Лавриненко ◽  
С. В. Чеботар
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Allelic Status ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

QUALITATIVE STABILITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
C. Kondora ◽  
M. Szabó ◽  
A. Máté ◽  
G. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Owing to the significant differences in the adaptability of state-registered varieties, those which can adapt well to the local conditions should be given preference. There are several high-yielding varieties available in Hungary with excellent agronomic properties, good adaptability and satisfactory baking quality. This study was conducted to analyse the adaptability of 34 state-registered winter wheat varieties tested in the small plot trials of the National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control (NIAQC) at 5–9 locations between 1994 and 1997 based on their gluten quantity and farinographic index. For the comparison of the varieties the evaluation method of Eberhart and Russell (1966) was applied as modified by Bedő and Balla (1977). The qualitative stability and adaptability values of the varieties differ from the adaptability and stability values calculated from the grain yields. Some winter wheat varieties have good qualitative adaptability and stability, while others have special adaptability and poor qualitative stability, but the majority of the varieties do not belong to these groups.

Impact of the estimated doses of mineral fertilizers on the infestation mildew, pyrenophora and yield of winter wheat varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Y. Ozheredova ◽  
◽  
A. N. Esaulko ◽  
L.A. Mikhno ◽  
A.P. Shutko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents materials on the influence of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the incidence of powdery mildew, pyrenophorosis and yield of winter wheat varieties cultivated on leached Chernozem for 2016-2018.

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