scholarly journals Protective properties of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and methods of their activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Radtsig ◽  
A. N. Radtsig ◽  
M. A. Varavina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Anatomical Localization ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Bacterial Lysates ◽  
Protective Proteins

The article discusses the issues of the protective mechanisms of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract: mucociliary clearance, production of protective proteins and the mucosal immunity system. The data on the significance and relationship of lymphoid structures associated with mucous membranes of various anatomical localization are presented. The mechanisms of action of topical bacterial lysates are considered, their effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases and their complications is described.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA

1920 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Cecil ◽  
Francis G. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Cebus Capucinus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Nose And Throat

1. Virulent influenza bacilli, when injected into the nose and throat of monkeys (Cebus capucinus and Macacus syrichtus), excite an acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, characterized by swelling and hyperemia of the mucous membrane, infiltration of the mucosa and subrnucosa with leucocytes, desquamation of epithelial cells, and the production of a mucopurulent exudate. The accessory sinuses are often implicated in the infection. 2. Experimental Bacillus influenzæ infections of the upper respiratory tract are frequently accompanied or followed by bronchiolitis, peribronchial infiltration, and bronchopneumonia with hemorrhage and edema in the early stage, emphysema and bronchiectasis in the later stages. In general, the process closely resembles uncomplicated Bacillus influenzæ pneumonia in man. 3. The injection of virulent influenza bacilli directly into the trachea of monkeys induces in them an experimental bronchiolitis and hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia, similar in all respects to spontaneous Bacillus influenzæ pneumonia. 4. In experimental Bacillus influenzæinfections of either the upper or lower respiratory tract the influenza bacillus can usually be recovered during .the acute stage by culture, either pure or in association with other bacteria. 5. In experimental Bacillus influenzæ infections in monkeys characteristic changes occur in the thymus gland—hyperplasia of the follicles, distention of the lymphatic channels, and infiltration of the parenchyma with leucocytes. This enlargement appears to be merely part of a general hyperplasia of the lymphoid structures in the cervical and thoracic regions.

scholarly journals THE STATE OF SKIN AND MUCOSAL MICROBIOTES IN WORKERS AS AN ADAPTATION CRITERION TO OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS (BASED ON THE OIL EXTRACTION INDUSTRY)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1015-1020
Author(s):  
G. G. Gimranova ◽  
Lyaylya M. Masyagutova ◽  
L. G. Gizatullina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Introduction. The working conditions of workers in oil-producing industries do not exclude the negative impact of a harmful biological factor of the working environment. The combined effect of harmful and dangerous factors (noise, vibration, a complex of chemicals of varying intensity), adverse climatic and geographical conditions in the process of oil production lead to violations of the structural and functional state of the body and increase the risk of disease caused by opportunistic microorganisms. Material and methods. To study the effect of working conditions of workers engaged in oil extraction on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microorganism, an investigation of skin microbiota and microbiocenosis of the upper respiratory tract mucosa was carried out. Using the method of skin prints from the inner surface of the forearm on a plate with blood agar allowed, along with the total number of microorganisms, to determine the presence of hemolytic forms on the surface and in deep layers of the skin of oil workers. Estimate the influence of working conditions on the microbiocenosis of the upper respiratory tract and mucosal anti-infective resistance of the mucous membrane analyzed the species composition of the microbiota of the nasal mucosa and pharynx in workers, directly and indirectly engaged in oil production. Results. Studies show in workers directly involved in oil extraction, the number of microorganisms of the skin is significantly higher than that of healthy people in average by 2.0-3.6 times on the surface and 1.7-3.7 times in the deep layers. For machinists, these differences achieve 2.5-4.0 and 1.2-4.0 times, respectively, and for engineering and technical workers, 1.4-2.3 on the skin surface and 1.2-2.5 in the deep layers. For drillers, drillers’ assistants, operators, the presence of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of 3-5 or more components on the nasal and pharyngeal polymicrobial associations is typical, and for engineers, engineers and technicians from 2-4, less often 5 components. Conclusion. The impact of occupational factors affecting workers in the process of oil extraction, contributes to the development of microbiocenosis lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. On the surface of the skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract there are a wide variety and specific structure of the microflora, specific to each of the studied groups in the workers examined.

scholarly journals Phage therapy in the treatment of patients with respiratory pathology: history, modern aspects, prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
G. N. Nikiforova ◽  
G. G. Asriyan ◽  
M. M. Gurkova ◽  
P. S. Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Effective Use

Bacteriophages - viruses infecting bacteria are the largest known group of viruses, which in their structure mainly have doublestranded genomic DNA, but among them there are also groups with double-stranded RNA and single-stranded DNA and RNA. The total population is about 1031–1032 phages, they play an essential role in the regulation of the world’s number of bacteria. The rather complex and diverse interaction of these representatives of the microcosm continues throughout the history of their existence on our planet. The question of the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of patients with various bacterial infections still remains completely unexplored. The very idea of using these microorganisms for therapeutic purposes dates back to the First World War, when the French biologist and researcher Felix d’Hérelle discovered a special type of «bacteria-eating» viruses, on the basis of which he created drugs for the treatment of patients with dysentery. To date, a fairly large clinical experience has been accumulated in the use of phage preparations in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital tract, as well as in the therapy and prevention of purulent-septic processes and nosocomial infections. The mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract is the first line of defense against various respiratory pathogens. The ability of bacteriophages to attach to the surface layer of mucus - mucin, forming an antibacterial protection of the mucous membrane and thus reducing the level of colonization of mucus by bacterial pathogens, determines their effective use in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Due to certain unique properties of bacteriophages, peculiarities of vital activity and interaction with a bacterial cell, their use seems to be promising for the treatment of patients with infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LACTOBACILLUS SPP. ON COLONIZATION AND ANTI-INFECTIOUS RESISTANCE OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Kalinichenko ◽  
O. O. Korotkykh ◽  
S. I. Pokhil ◽  
M. G. Bakumenko
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

Background. Lactobacilli are very important for the formation of colonization resistance and have pronounced antagonistic effect against a wide range of microorganisms. That is why the lactobacilli have extensive use as a component of classic probiotic agents that are widely used to prevent and treat dysbiotic conditions of digestive and genital systems of people.Objective. The aim of the research was to study the effect of lactobacilli on anti-infectious resistance of mucous membranes of upper respiratory tract.Methods. The colonization degree (lg CFU / g) of nasal mucosal membranes by Lactobacillus spp. and S. aureus was determined in all carriers before the experiment. Also, the level of lysozyme and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in nasal secretions cavities was identified.Results. It was established a clear dysfunction of anti-infectious resistance in carriers of Staphylococcus aureus - a decrease of colonization resistance and local immunity of mucous membranes of upper respiratory tract. As for the anti-infectious resistance of nasal mucosal of S. aureus carriers, the level of lysozyme and secretory immunoglobulin A gradually increased after the application of probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG, and in 21 days it reached rates of healthy individuals.Conclusions. It was found out that probiotics for nasal passages sanitation in Staphylococcus aureus carriers lead to gradual eradication of the pathogen (S. aureus) with restoration of colonization and anti-infectious resistance, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.

Occupational upper respiratory tract and ear diseases in cement industry workers

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 973-973
Author(s):  
N. Bobrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cement Dust ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Contradictory Information ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The scarce and contradictory information about the effect of cement dust on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract is considerably supplemented by Dr. Potapov's report on the results of a special team surveying the workers of the Volsk cement plants.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMMUNOVAC VP-4 FOR IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN FREQUENTLY AND LONG-TERM ILL CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Foshina ◽  
T. A. Serova ◽  
I. B. Bisheva ◽  
O. V. Slatinova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
High Level

Aim.To study the level of specific antibodies of different isotypes to the antigens of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella рneumoniae in the serum, saliva and nazal secret and the concentration of IgA,sIgA,IgG in saliva from frequently and long-term ill children in nasal-oral administration of Immunovac VP-4.Materials and methods.Specific antibodies to S. aureus and K.pneumoniae, contained in saliva, nasal, and serum were determined by the method of enzyme immunoassay. Concentrations of immunoglobulins of classes G, A and sА in saliva were determined by radial immunodiffusion using a commercial kit produced by the NPC «Medical immunology».Results. The high level of specific antibodies contained in the serum and nasal secretions, the level of antibodies in saliva is negligible. The serum is dominated by IgG-isotype antibodies, saliva and nasal secret — antibodies of IgA-isotope. After the introduction of Immunovac VP-4 there was a statistically significant increase in the level of specific antibacterial antibodies in serum, saliva and nasal secret, and increasing levels of IgG and sIgA in saliva.Conclusion. Obtained data demonstratet that the nasal-oral scheme of administration of Immunovac VP-4 frequently and long-term ill children allowed to increase the level of specific antibodies in serum, saliva and nasal secret to bacterial antigens that are part of the vaccine and to normalize the local synthesis of IgG and sIgA, which play a major role in the protection of the respiratory tract and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals HEMATOLOGICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF OCCUPATIONALLY AND INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONED DISEASES IN MEDICAL WORKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
L. M. Karamova ◽  
Natalya V. Vlasova ◽  
L. G. Gizatullina ◽  
L. M. Masyagutova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hemoglobin Content ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Medical Examinations

Introduction. Medical workers in the process of labor are exposed to a complex of adverse factors: neuro-emotional, physical stress of a chemical, physical and biological nature. A long stay in a hospital environment with medical workers can lead to the formation of various diseases of microbiological etiology or the carriage of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic flora and the development of dysbiosis. Objective. Give hematological and bacteriological characteristics of the health status of medical workers. Material and methods. The results of laboratory studies of blood and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract of medical workers performed during the performing occupational medical examinations are analyzed. Results. Hematological indices were found to be characterized by an increased hemoglobin content in one-fourth of the examined workers, as well as lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, cholesterolemia. The microflora of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract is mainly represented by Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes in 65.2% of the workers; the remaining 34.8% were revealed to have a resident microflora. With the experience of work, the frequency of insemination increases and doubles by 10 years of the work. The structure of microflora is also changing. In the nosological form of occupational morbidity, allergic diseases prevail and account for 60.8%, tuberculosis - 26.0%, and hepatitis - 8,6%. Conclusion. All these changes in the body are the basis of pathogenetic manifestations in the formation of allergic and pathogenic pathologies, which make up to 70.0% of all occupational morbidity.

Wound diphtheria in otosurgery

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-359
Author(s):  
L. Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The author tries to cover the issue of wound diphtheria from the otosurgical point of view, finding it very important in practical terms to keep in mind, firstly, that the wound at trepanation of the mastoid process through the middle ear and the eustachian tube is in direct communication with the upper respiratory tract and pharynx, and secondly, that along with mucous membranes diphtheria often affects the middle ear as well as the retroauricular wounds.

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