Formation of Tropical Cyclones in the Northern Indian Ocean Associated with Two Types of Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation Modes

Maritime networks are one of the most important types of transportation networks in international logistics and it accounts for 90% of the global trade volume. However, the structure of maritime networks is severely impacted by tropical cyclones, especially the maritime network in the Northwest Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean. This paper investigates the vulnerability of the maritime network in the Northwest Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean to the influence of tropical cyclones through removing ports at high or very high tropical cyclones hazard levels and analyzing how the network structure characteristics change from a complex network point of view. From the results, we find that this maritime network is a small-world network and the degree distribution of ports follows a power law distribution. The ports in East Asia are impacted more severely by the tropical cyclones. Moreover, this maritime network exhibits some vulnerability to tropical cyclones. However, the interconnection of the survived ports is not severely impacted, when the network is attacked by tropical cyclones. The port system in the Philippines is most vulnerable to the influence of tropical cyclones, followed by the ports systems in Japan and China. The paper also shows that it is important for studies of maritime network vulnerability to identify the ports that are both important to the regional and cross-regional logistics and severely impacted by natural hazards. The findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the port layout and improving the ability of the network to resist damage caused by tropical cyclones.

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Intraseasonal responses of sea surface and deep oceanic temperature anomalies in the northern Indian Ocean–western Pacific to the 30–60-day boreal summer atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation

Climate Dynamics ◽

10.1007/s00382-019-04806-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (7-8) ◽

pp. 4539-4552

Author(s):

Jiangyu Mao ◽

Ming Wang

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Intraseasonal Oscillation ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Boreal Summer ◽

Northern Indian Ocean ◽

Temperature Anomalies

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Impacts of Pacific and Indian Ocean coupling on wintertime tropical intraseasonal oscillation: a basin-coupling CGCM study

International Journal of Climatology ◽

10.1002/joc.1902 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 359-371

Author(s):

Shu-Ping Weng ◽

Jin-Yi Yu

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Intraseasonal Oscillation ◽

Ocean Coupling ◽

Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation

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Intensified eastward and northward propagation of tropical intraseasonal oscillation over the equatorial Indian Ocean in a global warming scenario

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1007/s00376-012-1260-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 167-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jing Yang ◽

Qing Bao ◽

Xiaocong Wang

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

Intraseasonal Oscillation ◽

Equatorial Indian Ocean ◽

Warming Scenario ◽

Northward Propagation ◽

Global Warming Scenario ◽

Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation

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Observed Shear-Relative Rainfall Asymmetries Associated with Landfalling Tropical Cyclones

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2021/4676713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Xiang Wang ◽

Haiyan Jiang ◽

Xun Li ◽

Jun A. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Tropical Cyclones ◽

Vertical Wind Shear ◽

Northwestern Pacific ◽

Northern Indian Ocean ◽

Central Pacific ◽

Perturbation Energy ◽

Landfalling Tropical Cyclones ◽

Upper Level

This study examines the shear-relative rainfall spatial distribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) during landfall based on the 19-year (1998–2016) TRMM satellite 3B42 rainfall estimate dataset and investigates the role of upper-tropospheric troughs on the rainfall intensity and distribution after TCs make a landfall over the six basins of Atlantic (ATL), eastern and central Pacific (EPA), northwestern Pacific (NWP), northern Indian Ocean (NIO), southern Indian Ocean (SIO), and South Pacific (SPA). The results show that the wavenumber 1 perturbation can contribute ∼ 50% of the total perturbation energy of total TC rainfall. Wavenumber 1 rainfall asymmetry presents the downshear-left maxima in the deep-layer vertical wind shear between 200 and 850 hPa for all the six basins prior to making a landfall. In general, wavenumber 1 rainfall tends to decrease less if there is an interaction between TCs and upper-level troughs located at the upstream of TCs over land. The maximum TC rain rate distributions tend to be located at the downshear-left (downshear) quadrant under the high (low)-potential vorticity conditions.

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Simultaneous Occurrence of Tropical Cyclones in the Northern Indian Ocean: Differential Response and Triggering Mechanisms

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.729269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Riyanka Roy Chowdhury ◽

S. Prasanna Kumar ◽

Arun Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Tropical Cyclones ◽

Net Primary Productivity ◽

Simultaneous Occurrence ◽

Upper Ocean ◽

Northern Indian Ocean ◽

Marginal Seas ◽

Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential ◽

Biological Responses ◽

Heat Potential

The northern Indian Ocean, comprising of two marginal seas, the Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB), is known for the occurrence of tropical cyclones. The simultaneous occurrence of the cyclones Luban in the AS and Titli in the BoB is a rare phenomenon, and, in the present study, we examined their contrasting upper ocean responses and what led to their formation in October 2018. Being a category-2 cyclone, the maximum cooling of sea surface temperature associated with Titli was 1°C higher than that of Luban, a category-1 cyclone. The higher tropical cyclone heat potential in the BoB compared with the AS was one of the reasons why Titli was more intense than Luban. The enhancement of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and net primary productivity (NPP) by Luban was 2- and 3.7-fold, respectively, while that by Titli was 3- and 5-fold, respectively. Despite this, the magnitudes of both Chl-a and NPP were higher in the AS compared with the BoB. Consistent with physical and biological responses, the CO2 outgassing flux associated with Titli was 12-fold higher in comparison to the pre-cyclone value, while that associated with Luban was 10-fold higher. Unlike the Chl-a and NPP, the magnitude of CO2 flux in the BoB was higher than that in the AS. Although the cyclones Luban and Titli originated simultaneously, their generating mechanisms were quite different. What was common for the genesis of both cyclones was the pre-conditioning of the upper ocean in 2018 by the co-occurrence of El Niño and the positive phase of Indian Ocean dipole along with the cold phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation, all of which worked in tandem and warmed the AS and parts of the BoB. What triggered the genesis of Luban in the AS was the arrival of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the mixed Rossby-gravity wave during the first week of October. The genesis of Titli in the BoB was triggered by the eastward propagation of the MJO and the associated enhanced convection from the AS into the region of origin of Titli along with the arrival of the downwelling oceanic Rossby wave.

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A Paper on the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation Published in 1963 in a Chinese Journal

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ◽

10.1175/bams-d-17-0216.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 99 (9) ◽

pp. 1765-1779 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Tim Li ◽

Lu Wang ◽

Melinda Peng ◽

Bin Wang ◽

Chidong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spectral Analysis ◽

Tropical Cyclones ◽

Intraseasonal Oscillation ◽

Original Study ◽

Radiosonde Data ◽

Madden Julian Oscillation ◽

Chinese Journal ◽

Using Data ◽

The Tropics ◽

Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation

AbstractThe Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) identified by Madden and Julian in the early 1970s has been well recognized as the most prominent intraseasonal signal in the tropics. Its discovery and its relationship with other weather phenomena such as tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most significant advancements in modern meteorology with broad and far-reaching impacts. The original study by Madden and Julian used radiosonde data on Canton Island, and their spectral analysis revealed the signal of a 40–50-day oscillation.It has come to our attention that an earlier study by Xie et al. published in a Chinese journal documented an oscillatory signal of a 45-day period using radiosonde data from several stations between 70° and 125°E in the tropics. The 40–50-day signal found by Xie et al. is strikingly evident without any filtering. Xie et al. identified that occurrences of TCs are correlated with the 40–50-day variation of low-level westerlies at these stations. The original figures in Xie et al.’s article were hand drawn. Their results are verified using data from a longer period of 1958–70. The 40–50-day oscillation in the monsoon westerlies and its relationship with the occurrence of TCs are confirmed and further expanded upon.This study serves the purpose of bringing recognition to the community of the identification of a 40–50-day signal published in Chinese in 1963 and the discovery of the correlation between MJO phases and TC genesis three decades earlier than studies on this subject published outside China.

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