Susceptibility of introduced peach cultivars to leaf curl and powdery mildew

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important economic crop worldwide. However, tomato production is jeopardized by the devastating tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) caused by whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses (WTBs). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of our previously developed plant antiviral immunity inducer, fungal F8-culture filtrate, on tomato to combat tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), the predominant WTB in Taiwan. Our results indicated that F8-culture filtrate treatment induced strong resistance, did not reduce the growth of tomato, and induced prominent resistance against TYLCTHV both in the greenhouse and in the field. Among TYLCTHV-inoculated Yu-Nu tomato grown in the greenhouse, a greater percentage of plants treated with F8-culture filtrate (43–100%) were healthy-looking compared to the H2O control (0–14%). We found that TYLCTHV cannot move systemically only on the F8-culture filtrate pretreated healthy-looking plants. Tracking the expression of phytohormone-mediated immune maker genes revealed that F8-culture filtrate mainly induced salicylic acid-mediated plant immunity. Furthermore, callose depositions and the expression of the pathogen-induced callose synthase gene, POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT 4 were only strongly induced by TYLCTHV on tomato pretreated with F8-culture filtrate. This study provides an effective way to induce tomato resistance against TYLCTHV.

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Vulnerability of peach hybrid forms to leaf curl (Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul.) and powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa Lev. var. persicae Woronich) in Nikita Botanical Gardens

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2021.1308.52 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 361-366

Author(s):

A. Smykov ◽

O. Fedorova ◽

Iu. Ivashchenko ◽

N. Mesyats

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Botanical Gardens ◽

Sphaerotheca Pannosa ◽

Hybrid Forms ◽

Leaf Curl

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Occurrence of Different Kinds of Diseases in Sesame Cultivation in Myanmar and Their Impact to Sesame Yield

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v38i430309 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu Yu Min ◽

Koki Toyota

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Leaf Roll ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽

Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Leaf Curl

We surveyed diseases of sesame in 10 farmers’ fields at Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar and did interviews 25 farmers for the occurrence of diseases and its impact on yield in Magway, the major sesame growing area in Myanmar. We found phyllody, charcoal rot (root and stem rot), Alternaria leaf blight, powdery mildew, and leaf curl, based on on-site symptoms and their microscopic observation in Nay Pyi Taw. The disease incidence ranged from 5% to 30% in phyllody, from 10% to 30% in charcoal rot (root and stem rot) and 10% to 40% in Alternaria blight, while leaf curl and powdery mildew were not observed abundantly. According to interviews conducted in Magway, 60% of the farmers suffered from phyllody disease symptoms, 80% from charcoal rot, 48% from Cercospora, 28% bacterial leaf spot and 24% diseases with the symptoms of leaf roll. Most farmers (84%) noticed combinations of diseases symptoms either phyllody or charcoal rot/black and stem rot or Cercospora leaf spot and/or bacterial leaf spot. Yield losses ranged from 5 to 50% by phyllody, from 10 to 75% by charcoal rot (root and stem rot), from 5 to 50% by Cercospora leaf spot, and 5% by bacterial leaf spot. Other abnormal symptoms such as discoloring of root, seedling death and leaf yellowing were also observed and the yield losses ranged from 5 to 50%.There were no significance relations between the actual yield and yield losses estimated by each disease. A half of farmers (54%) burnt the crop residues after harvest, while 45% directly buried them in their fields including plant parts infected with diseases. Although there was no difference in sesame yield between these two practices, the average yield was higher by 15% in farmers with the burnt practice. Only a few farmers applied fungicides. Potential constraints to cause yield reduction and necessary actions to increase sesame yield are discussed.

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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Generation of Pathogen-Resistant Tomato against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Powdery Mildew

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22041878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1878

Author(s):

Dibyajyoti Pramanik ◽

Rahul Mahadev Shelake ◽

Jiyeon Park ◽

Mi Jung Kim ◽

Indeok Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Pathogen Resistance ◽

Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽

Targeted Mutagenesis ◽

Plant Genome ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Resistance Locus ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

Tomato is one of the major vegetable crops consumed worldwide. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and fungal Oidium sp. are devastating pathogens causing yellow leaf curl disease and powdery mildew. Such viral and fungal pathogens reduce tomato crop yields and cause substantial economic losses every year. Several commercial tomato varieties include Ty-5 (SlPelo) and Mildew resistance locus o 1 (SlMlo1) locus that carries the susceptibility (S-gene) factors for TYLCV and powdery mildew, respectively. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is a valuable genome editing tool to develop disease-resistant crop varieties. In this regard, targeting susceptibility factors encoded by the host plant genome instead of the viral genome is a promising approach to achieve pathogen resistance without the need for stable inheritance of CRISPR components. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to target the SlPelo and SlMlo1 for trait introgression in elite tomato cultivar BN-86 to confer host-mediated immunity against pathogens. SlPelo-knockout lines were successfully generated, carrying the biallelic indel mutations. The pathogen resistance assays in SlPelo mutant lines confirmed the suppressed accumulation of TYLCV and restricted the spread to non-inoculated plant parts. Generated knockout lines for the SlMlo1 showed complete resistance to powdery mildew fungus. Overall, our results demonstrate the efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce targeted mutagenesis for the rapid development of pathogen-resistant varieties in tomato.

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Intraspecific, interspecific and intergeneric hybridization of stone fruit plants

Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation ◽

10.36305/2019-1-150-112-122 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 112-122

Author(s):

E. I. Bunchuk ◽

E. P. Shoferistov ◽

S. Yu. Tsupka

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Pollen Fertility ◽

Stone Fruit ◽

Natural Hybridization ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Wild Ancestor ◽

Fruit Plants ◽

Selection Of ◽

Leaf Curl

Aim. The aim to identify valuable source material from the number of intraspecific, interspecific and intergeneric hybrids of stone fruit plants to improve and expand the varietal composition of peach that meets the needs of industrial and amateur gardening. Methods. Program and methods of varietal study of fruit, berry and nut crops / Ed. G. A. Lobanov. Michurinsk, 1973. 492 p. Program and methods of selection of fruit, berry and nut crops / Ed. G. A. Lobanov. Michurinsk, 1980. 529 p. Program and methods of selection of fruit, berry and nut crops / Ed. Sedova and T. P. Ogoltsova. Orel: VNIISPK, 1999. 608 p. Results. New genotypes of peach, which are sources of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), were selected; large-fruited peach I4 970-89 was isolated, as a pollinator for genotypes with male sterility; in the population of hybrid seedlings F2 (peach of the world x David peach) we identified new genotypes of plants with absent characters in their original species; with resistance to powdery mildew and leaf curl, dwarf plant growth, forms with decorative double flowers, white, pink and purple-red color of the petals of the corolla, bell-shaped and rosy flower types, male sterility, pollen fertility and honey taste of the fruit inherited from his wild ancestor - David peach. Summary. Selected maternal genotypes of the original parental forms of apricot, with a character of CMS - 189-88, 249-81, 498-86. They are of breeding value for the development of new peach cultivars. Peach I4 970-89 of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens’ breeding is a pollinator for hybrids of peach with common almond, characterized by male sterility. Valuable characters of David peach could be transferred to common peach and its cultivars as a result of natural hybridization due to their joint growth in the primary Chinese-Japanese genetic center. From wild ancestor, David peach common peach cultivars inherited such valuable characteristics as resistance to powdery mildew and leaf curl, dwarf growth of plants, shapes with decorative double flowers, white, pink and purple-red petals of the corolla campanulate and rose-like types of flower, male sterility, pollen fertility and the honey taste of the fruit.

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Microscopy studies of powdery mildew on summer squash

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010008691x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 520-521

Author(s):

John S. Gardner ◽

W. M. Hess

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Tip Growth ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Vegetative Hypha ◽

Powdery Mildews ◽

Summer Squash ◽

Conidial Formation ◽

Polar Tip Growth ◽

Short Conidiophore

Powdery mildews are characterized by the appearance of spots or patches of a white to grayish, powdery, mildewy growth on plant tissues, entire leaves or other organs. Ervsiphe cichoracearum, the powdery mildew of cucurbits is among the most serious parasites, and the most common. The conidia are formed similar to the process described for Ervsiphe graminis by Cole and Samson. Theconidial chains mature basipetally from a short, conidiophore mother-cell at the base of the fertile hypha which arises holoblastically from the conidiophore. During early development it probably elongates by polar-tip growth like a vegetative hypha. A septum forms just above the conidiophore apex. Additional septa develop in acropetal succession. However, the conidia of E. cichoracearum are more doliform than condia from E. graminis. The purpose of these investigations was to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to demonstrate the nature of hyphal growth and conidial formation of E. cichoracearum on field-grown squash leaves.

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