Occurrence of Different Kinds of Diseases in Sesame Cultivation in Myanmar and Their Impact to Sesame Yield

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yu Min ◽  
Koki Toyota
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Leaf Curl

We surveyed diseases of sesame in 10 farmers’ fields at Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar and did interviews 25 farmers for the occurrence of diseases and its impact on yield in Magway, the major sesame growing area in Myanmar. We found phyllody, charcoal rot (root and stem rot), Alternaria leaf blight, powdery mildew, and leaf curl, based on on-site symptoms and their microscopic observation in Nay Pyi Taw. The disease incidence ranged from 5% to 30% in phyllody, from 10% to 30% in charcoal rot (root and stem rot) and 10% to 40% in Alternaria blight, while leaf curl and powdery mildew were not observed abundantly. According to interviews conducted in Magway, 60% of the farmers suffered from phyllody disease symptoms, 80% from charcoal rot, 48% from Cercospora, 28% bacterial leaf spot and 24% diseases with the symptoms of leaf roll. Most farmers (84%) noticed combinations of diseases symptoms either phyllody or charcoal rot/black and stem rot or Cercospora leaf spot and/or bacterial leaf spot. Yield losses ranged from 5 to 50% by phyllody, from 10 to 75% by charcoal rot (root and stem rot), from 5 to 50% by Cercospora leaf spot, and 5% by bacterial leaf spot. Other abnormal symptoms such as discoloring of root, seedling death and leaf yellowing were also observed and the yield losses ranged from 5 to 50%.There were no significance relations between the actual yield and yield losses estimated by each disease. A half of farmers (54%) burnt the crop residues after harvest, while 45% directly buried them in their fields including plant parts infected with diseases. Although there was no difference in sesame yield between these two practices, the average yield was higher by 15% in farmers with the burnt practice. Only a few farmers applied fungicides. Potential constraints to cause yield reduction and necessary actions to increase sesame yield are discussed.

scholarly journals MGS Esmeralda: new large seed mungbean cultivar

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Faria Vieira ◽  
José Eustáquio Souza Carneiro ◽  
Trazilbo José de Paula Júnior ◽  
Roberto Fontes Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Development Center

Mungbean cultivar MGS Esmeralda was developed by Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (Shanhua, Taiwan), as a result of crossing between the lines VC 1973A and VC 2768A. In ten trials conducted in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, it produced 13.5% more grains than 'Ouro Verde MG-2' (control cultivar), and its highest yield was 2,550 kg ha-1. The cultivar MGS Esmeralda is more susceptible to lodging, and its pods mature more uniformly than Ouro Verde MG-2 pods. One hundred-seed mass of 'MGS Esmeralda' ranged between 5.5 and 6.8 g. Both cultivars are susceptible to powdery mildew and cercospora leaf spot.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Flowering Dogwood. I. Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization Rate on the Occurrence of Spot Anthracnose, Powdery Mildew, and Cercospora Leaf Spot and Their Effect on Tree Growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
A.K. Hagan ◽  
J.R. Akridge ◽  
K.L. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Spot Intensity ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
N Rates

Abstract Impact of nitrogen (N) rate on spot anthracnose, powdery mildew, and Cercospora leaf spot as well as their impact on the growth of field-grown ‘Cloud 9’ and ‘Cherokee Chief’ flowering dogwood was assessed in 2003, 2004, and 2005. From 2001 to 2005, ammonium nitrate was applied at 4.1, 8.3, 16.5, 33.0 and 66.0 g N·m−2 (37.5, 75, 150, 300, 600 lb N·A−1). Heritage 50W fungicide was applied to one ‘Cherokee Chief’ and ‘Cloud 9’ flowering dogwood in each plot, while the second was untreated. Powdery mildew and Cercospora leaf spot were impacted by N rate more than spot anthracnose. In two of three years, powdery mildew intensified, particularly on the non-treated trees, as N rates increased. Cercospora leaf spot intensity (AUDPCI) and defoliation (AUDPCD) on the fungicide-treated and non-treated trees was influenced by N-rate in two of three and one of three years, respectively. Regardless of fungicide treatment, Cercospora leaf spot incited leaf spotting and defoliation was often lower at the two highest than the two lowest N rates. A reduction in the bract and leaf spot phases of spot anthracnose at the highest N rate was noted in 2004. While spot anthracnose was negatively correlated with trunk diameter in all three years and tree height in 2003 and 2004, Cercospora leaf spot intensity and defoliation were negatively correlated with tree height and trunk diameter in all three and two of three years, respectively. Powdery mildew had no impact on tree height or trunk diameter. Heritage 50W not only controlled spot anthracnose and powdery mildew but also slowed Cercospora leaf spot development sufficiently to enhance leaf retention and fall color.

scholarly journals Diversity and occurrence of major diseases of vegetables and fruit crops during spring season at Aanbukhaireni rural municipality of Tanahun district, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
Subash Subedi ◽  
Sheela Koirala ◽  
Saraswati Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Leaf Curl

A survey has been conducted to assess the diversity and occurrence of major vegetables and fruits cultivated in Aanbukhaireni rural municipality of Tanahun district, Nepal during spring season of 2019.The surveyed areas were Satrasayaphant, Baradiphant and Dumridanda villages of ward no 1, Yeklephant, Markichowk and Pateni villages of ward no2 , Gaadapani village of ward no 3, Saakhar village of ward no 4 and Ghummaune village of ward no. 5. The surveyed area consists of upper tropical and sub tropical climate. The total no of farmers field selected for the survey was 34, 32, 24, 17 and 21 from ward no 1,2,3,4 and 5 respectively.The major vegetables cultivated during survey period in the surveyed area were bean, bitter-gourd, brinjal, chilli, cowpea, cucumber, okra, pumpkin, sponge-gourd, tomato, snake-gourd and bottle-gourd. Similarly, the fruits found in the region were banana, papaya,  grapes, mango, litchi, peach, guava, lemon, mandarin orange etc. The major diseases of vegetables noticed were early blight, late blight, cercospora leaf spot, powdery mildew, downey mildew, fruit rot, bacterial wilt, bacterial spot, leaf curl and mosaic. In case of fruits, sigatoka leaf spot,  panama wilt, black rot, algal leaf spot, canker, root rot, foot rot, sooty mold, red rust, anthracnose, rust, mosaic, alternaria leaf spot, downey mildew and leaf curl were the major diseases. The higher disease incidence (70%) and severity (48%) in vegetables were recorded in ward no 2 where as the lower incidence (45.2%) and severity (37.71%) were found in ward no 4. Similarly, the higher fruit disease incidence (70.24%) and severity (51.27%) in ward no 1 followed by ward no 2 with disease incidence and severity of 66.79% and 45.14% respectively. The reasons for those results are low educational level, lack of best bet technology, no proper irrigation and fertilizer, unavailability of pesticides for controlling the diseases. This study will be useful to identify the major diseases of vegetables and fruits of terai and inner terai region of Nepal and applying control measure, looking for the best possible solutions.

scholarly journals Can the leaf age influence the susceptibility to bacterial-leaf-spot and bacterial-halo-blight on coffee seedlings?

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Laura Midori Rossi Tomiyama ◽  
Lucas Mateus Rivero Rodrigues ◽  
Vinicius Teixeira Andrade ◽  
Luis Otavio Saggion Beriam ◽  
Suzete Aparecida Lanza Destéfano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Highly Virulent

ABSTRACT: Pseudomonas syringae van Hall, 1902, causes yield losses in innumerous economic important crops. On coffee trees, P. syringae pv. garcae causes the bacterial-halo-blight (BHB) and P. syringae pv. tabaci the bacterial-leaf-spot (BLS). Recently, these diseases incidence has increase in occurrence areas and aggressiveness in Brazil. Although leaf age plays a role in the severity response of BHB, it is not known yet if this phenomenon also occurs in coffee-BLS interaction, and with highly virulent strains. So, we examined differences in the diseases severity by inoculation of P. syringae pv. garcae and P. syringae pv. tabaci strains on coffee leaves with different ages, to compare this aspect with coffee-BLS interaction. Our results showed that, for both pathovars, the severity was greater at the first internodes leaves, although for the most aggressive strains it was quite similar on any leaf age.

scholarly journals Impact of Application Rate and Interval on the Control of Powdery Mildew and Cercospora Leaf Spot on Bigleaf Hydrangea with Azoxystrobin

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. W. Olive ◽  
J. Stephenson ◽  
M. E. Rivas-Davila
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Erysiphe Polygoni ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Paraffinic Oil

Abstract Efficacy of azoxystrobin (Heritage 50W™) was assessed over a range of application rates and intervals for the control of powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) and Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora hydrangea) on bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) ‘Nikko Blue’. Rooted hydrangea cuttings were transplanted in a pine bark/peat mixture. In 1998 and 1999, azoxystrobin at 0.16 g ai/liter and 0.32 g ai/liter, as well as 0.24 g ai/liter myclobutanil (Eagle 40W™) and 0.84 g ai/liter thiophanate methyl (3336 4.5F™), greatly reduced the incidence of powdery mildew compared with the untreated control where 75% of the leaves of were infected by the causal fungus. When applied at 1-, 2-, and 3-week intervals, both rates of azoxystrobin were equally effective in both years in preventing the development of powdery mildew on bigleaf hydrangea. In 1998, all fungicides except for thiophanate methyl protected bigleaf hydrangea from Cercospora leaf spot. In the last two trials, the incidence of powdery mildew increased significantly as the application rate for azoxystrobin decreased from 0.16 to 0.04 g ai/liter and the application interval was lengthened from 1 to 3 weeks. In general, all rates of azoxystrobin applied on a 3-week schedule failed to provide the level of powdery mildew control needed to produce quality bigleaf hydrangea for the florist and landscape market. When applied at 2-week intervals, myclobutanil was equally or more effective in controlling powdery mildew than any rate of azoxystrobin applied on the same schedule. When compared to the untreated controls, significant reductions in the incidence of powdery mildew on bigleaf hydrangea were obtained with weekly applications of paraffinic oil. No symptoms of phytotoxicity were associated with the use of any of the fungicides screened.

Influence of Nitrogen Rate on Cercospora Leaf Spot and Growth of Crapemyrtle

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. R. Akridge ◽  
K. L. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Spot Intensity ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
N Rates ◽  
The Impact

The impact of N rate on development of Cercospora leaf spot on field grown ‘Carolina Beauty’ crapemyrtle and the impact of this disease, as well as N rate, on plant growth was assessed in Alabama. From 2002 to 2005, ammonium nitrate was applied at an N rate of 2, 4.1, 8.3, 16.5, 33.0, and 66.0 g/m2. Heritage 50W fungicide was applied to one tree in each plot, while the second tree was not treated. Powdery mildew was very sporadic and was not related to N rate. An N rate-related reduction in Cercospora leaf spot intensity and defoliation was noted on the non-fungicide and fungicide treated trees in 2005 but not in 2003 and 2004. In 2005, reductions in disease intensity and defoliation were obtained at the three highest N rates of 16.5, 33, and 66 g/m2 compared to the two lowest N rates of 2 and 4.1 g/m2. Regardless of N rate, Heritage 50W suppressed Cercospora leaf spot. Despite considerable leaf spotting and premature defoliation, Cercospora leaf spot did not impact crapemyrtle growth. Increasing N rates was less effective than Heritage 50W fungicide in controlling Cercospora leaf spot and also failed to enhance tree growth. Accepted for publication 10 September 2009. Published 14 December 2009.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Eco-Friendly Management of Some Important Nursery Diseases of Mango in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Suchana Rani Sarker ◽  
Md. Rashidul Islam ◽  
Ismail Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Sooty Mould

<p>A survey was carried out to record the prevalence of the nursery diseases in four mango varieties (Gopalbhog, Langra, Amropali and Seedless) in some selected growing areas viz. Chapai Nawabganj, Rajshahi, Dinajpur and Mymensingh in Bangladesh. Altogether nine different diseases viz. anthracnose, die-back, malformation, scab, powdery mildew, sooty mould, red rust, gummosis and bacterial leaf spot were recorded during the period of survey. All the diseases were found in the nurseries of Chapai Nawabganj, but Gummosis was not observed in Rajshahi, Dinajpur and Mymensingh and die-back was also not found in Dinajpur. Only anthracnose was recorded in Kajla sinduri in Rajshahi and Kancha mithi in Dinajpur. Out of the 40 mango varieties surveyed occurrence of higher number of diseases were recorded in Amropali (9), Mollica (7), Langra (8), Aswina (8), Khirsapat (8), Fazli (8), Vustara (6), Bogra gooti (6), BARI Aam-2 (6), BARI Aam-4 (6), Mohananda (5), Polyembryony (7), Gopalbhog (7), Hybrid 10 (6), Nilambari (6), Mixed special (6) and Seedless (7). The efficacy of BAU-Biofungicide and four different fungicides viz. Amistar, Tilt 250 EC, Bavistin and Dithane M-45 in the nursery of four mango varieties (Gopalbhog, Langra, Amropali and Seedless) were evaluated in FTIP, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. BAU-Biofungicide showed good effect in controlling anthracnose, die-back, powdery mildew, bacterial leaf spot and sooty mould of mango whereas Dithane M-45 was found best for controlling red rust of mango. Dithane M-45 followed by BAU-Biofungicide and Bavistin resulted reduction of powdery mildew incidence over control while the severity of powdery mildew was lowest in Bavistin followed by Dithane M-45 and BAU-Biofungicide.</p>

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