scholarly journals Modern and promising ways of bowel preparation for instrumental research

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
E. V. Kanner ◽  
M. L. Maximov ◽  
A. S. Ermolaeva ◽  
I. D. Kanner ◽  
N. M. Lapkin
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Recurrent Pain ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Colon Cleansing ◽  
Nonspecific Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Intestinal Preparation ◽  
Left Abdomen

A review is presented to summarize data on intestinal preparation approaches and methods for research. The historical background and main stages in the development of the intestinal lavage method are highlighted, and traditional and modern methods of evaluating its effectiveness are characterized. Dietary recommendations and information about the basic drugs used nowadays in preparation of the intestine for instrumental research are adduced. Clinical aspects of different types of osmotic action of drugs are considered. The composition of laxatives for salt and electrolyte components in terms of potential benefit and risk in patients is analyzed. The main positions of the current recommendations of domestic, European and American expert communities concerning the discussed topic are taken into account. Demonstrated “no less efficacy” of sulfate solution compared with macrogol in adult patients. Clinical case is presented: patient A., 22 years old, admitted to the clinic with complaints of recurrent pain in the left abdomen, frequent stools, sometimes with blood, loss of hair, flaky spots on the skin of the upper extremities. The patient was prepared for the examination – colon cleansing with a sulfate drug, endoscopic examination of the colon - colonoscopy was performed. Diagnosis: nonspecific ulcerative colitis. The treatment scheme is presented, clinical remission of the disease is achieved.

METABOLIC CONSEQUENCES OF PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-752
Author(s):  
Charles Upton Lowe ◽  
Vivian Pessin
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Claude Bernard

OVER the years opinion has varied on the nature of the dietary regimen which most effectively compensates for the specific digestive defect in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. This paper comprises a review of the literature and a statistical analysis of available data to determine whether the accumulated evidence supports any dietary recommendations. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND All reviews of pancreatic function begin with the work of Claude Bernard. This is appropriate since he first correctly described in two papers, 1849 and 1856, the role of the pancreas in the digestive process in dogs. A series of confusing experiments, many of them faulty, led in the next 80 years to changing estimates of the importance of this gland in digestion. The first point at issue was whether the pancreas was involved in digestion. Some investigators questioned, while others substantiated, Bernard's observations. Abelmann, working in the laboratory of Minkowski, was principally responsible for confirming the work of Bernard. After the necessity of the pancreas for normal digestion had been established, the route of excretion of the pancreatic digestive ferments was disputed. Some claimed all excretion was via the blood, some were uncertain of the route; finally Hess and Pratt et al. showed that the secretion was directly into the bowel. Hess, by careful dissection, demonstrated that the dog has from two to five accessory pancreatic ducts, and Pratt and his associates showed that ligation of all ducts to exclude pancreatic juice from the intestinal tract always produced marked impairment in absorption of fat and nitrogen. These early reports have been critically reviewed by Handelsman. The observations of Pratt et al. have been confirmed repeatedly. Coffey et al. published extensive metabolic data which seem to have ended any confusion. Experimental achylia pancreatica was produced in dogs by either ligation of all pancreatic ducts or by extirpation of the pancreas. Both operations had the same effect on fat and nitrogen absorption.

Novel sulfate tablet PBK‐1701TC versus oral sulfate solution for colon cleansing: A randomized phase 3 trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Hyo‐Joon Yang ◽  
Dong Il Park ◽  
Soo‐Kyung Park ◽  
Chang Kyun Lee ◽  
Hyo Jong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Colon Cleansing

scholarly journals High-quality colon cleansing and multiple neoplasia detection with 1L NER1006 versus mid-volume options: Post hoc analysis of phase 3 clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (05) ◽  
pp. E628-E635
Author(s):  
Michael S. Epstein ◽  
Robert Benamouzig ◽  
Juha Halonen ◽  
Raf Bisschops
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Colon Cleansing ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background and study aims Multiple neoplasia increase the risk of colorectal cancer. High-quality cleansing may improve adenoma detection. We assessed whether a new bowel preparation can improve colon cleansing and multiple lesion detection. Patients and methods This post hoc analysis of two randomized clinical trials in Europe and the US assessed the per study and combined cleansing efficacy of overnight split dosing with (preparation + clear fluids) 1 + 1 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) NER1006 versus 2 + 1 L PEG + ascorbate (2LPEG) or 1 + 2 L oral sulfate solution (OSS) combined. Treatment-blinded central readers assessed cleansing quality using the Harefield Cleansing Scale (HCS). Patients with full segmental scoring were included. HCS segmental scores 0–4 (high-quality = HCS 3–4) were analyzed for NER1006 versus 2LPEG/OSS. Mean number of polyps or adenomas per patient (MPP/MAP) was calculated for treatments in patients with at least one polyp or adenoma. Results In 1037 patients, NER1006 attained a greater rate of HCS 3 scores (29 % vs. 20 %; P < 0.001) and HCS 4 scores (20 % vs. 17 %; P = 0.007) versus 2LPEG/OSS. More polyps (678 versus 585) and adenomas (397 versus 331) were detected with NER1006 (N = 517) versus 2LPEG/OSS (N = 520). In all neoplasia-positive patients, with increasing minimal per-patient neoplasia multiplicity from 1 to 10, NER1006 numerically improved MPP (difference ± SE: 0.48 ± 0.24 to 3.89 ± 3.37) and MAP (0.47 ± 0.26 to 7.50 ± 9.00) versus 2LPEG/OSS. Conclusions Low-volume NER1006 enhances high-quality cleansing versus medium-volume 2LPEG or OSS, individually and when combined. NER1006 may consequently facilitate the detection of multiple neoplasia in patients.

scholarly journals Bioterrorism: Implications for the Clinical Microbiologist

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang F. Klietmann ◽  
Kathryn L. Ruoff
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
General Public ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Clinical Microbiologist

SUMMARY The specter of bioterrorism has captured the attention of government and military officials, scientists, and the general public. Compared to other sectors of the population, clinical microbiologists are more directly impacted by concerns about bioterrorism. This review focuses on the role envisioned for clinical laboratories in response to a bioterrorist event. The microbiology and clinical aspects of the biological agents thought to be the most likely tools of bioterrorists are presented. The historical background of the problem of bioterrorism and an overview of current U.S. preparedness planning, with an emphasis on the roles of health care professionals, are also included.

scholarly journals Use of Artificial Intelligence to Improve the Quality Control of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-qi Song ◽  
Xin-li Mao ◽  
Xian-bin Zhou ◽  
Sai-qin He ◽  
Ya-hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Examination Time ◽  
Intestinal Preparation

With the rapid development of science and technology, artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming ubiquitous, and their utility in gastroenteroscopy is beginning to be recognized. Digestive endoscopy is a conventional and reliable method of examining and diagnosing digestive tract diseases. However, with the increase in the number and types of endoscopy, problems such as a lack of skilled endoscopists and difference in the professional skill of doctors with different degrees of experience have become increasingly apparent. Most studies thus far have focused on using computers to detect and diagnose lesions, but improving the quality of endoscopic examination process itself is the basis for improving the detection rate and correctly diagnosing diseases. In the present study, we mainly reviewed the role of AI in monitoring systems, mainly through the endoscopic examination time, reducing the blind spot rate, improving the success rate for detecting high-risk lesions, evaluating intestinal preparation, increasing the detection rate of polyps, automatically collecting maps and writing reports. AI can even perform quality control evaluations for endoscopists, improve the detection rate of endoscopic lesions and reduce the burden on endoscopists.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document