scholarly journals Feline inflammatory bowel disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 6293-2019
Author(s):  
DIANA STĘGIERSKA ◽  
ANDRZEJ PUCHALSKI ◽  
MARTA STANIEC ◽  
RENATA URBAN-CHMIEL ◽  
ANNA ŁOJSZCZYK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most common causes of chronic clinical signs from the gastrointestinal tract, associated with histological evidence of inflammation in the lamina propria of the small and/or large intestine in cats. The underlying etiopathogenesis of this inflammation remains unclear. IBD is probably caused by a combination of environmental and immune factors in genetically susceptible individuals. The process of diagnosing IBD involves several steps and is based on the exclusion of other causes of gastrointestinal signs and on the confirmation of the presence of inflammatory infiltration in the intestinal wall by histopathological assessment of biopsies. The treatment is based on anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. In addition, dietotherapy, antibiotics, antiparasitic drugs, prebiotics, probiotics and supplementation of vitamin b12 are also used. For most patients, the response to treatment is satisfactory, but the maintenance of clinical remission in most of them may require anti-inflammatory drugs for the rest of their lives.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bruscoli ◽  
Marta Febo ◽  
Carlo Riccardi ◽  
Graziella Migliorati
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). IBD etiopathology is multifactorial and involves alteration of immune cells and chronic activation of the inflammatory cascade against yet unknown environmental factors that trigger the disease. IBD therapy aims at improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of disease-related complications to avoid the need for surgery. There is no specific cure for IBDs, and the focus of therapy is supportive measures and use of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are powerful anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents used to treat many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. GCs remain basic treatment for moderate-to-severe IBD, but their use is limited by several important adverse drug effects. Topical administration of a second-generation of GCs, such as budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), represents a valid alternative to use of older, systemic GCs. Administration of second-generation GCs shows promisingly high topical activity and less systemic toxicity, but maintenance therapy with these new GCs in IBD patients is associated with multiple adverse effects. In this review, we make a comparative analysis of the efficacy of first-generation and second-generation GCs in IBD treatment. Unraveling GC biology at the molecular level to uncouple their clinical benefits from detrimental effects is important. One approach is to consider new GC mediators, such as glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper, which may have similar anti-inflammatory properties, but avoids the side effects of GCs. This in-depth analysis can help to improve the development and the clinical outcomes of GC therapies in IBD.

scholarly journals Clinical, Ultrasonographic and Histopathological Findings of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Cristiane Aguero Da Silva ◽  
Simone Carvalhos dos Santos Cunha ◽  
Heloisa Justen Moreira De Souza ◽  
Amanda Chaves De Jesus ◽  
Ana Maria Reis Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Mast Cell Tumor ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background: Gastrointestinal disorders are common in cats, and the differentiation between inflammatory and neoplastic disease is essential to determine therapy. Therefore, ultrasonographic evaluation is an important tool for intestinal diagnosis in cats. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical, ultrasonographic and histopathological characteristics of cats with intestinal diseases.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty cats with gastrointestinal clinical signs and abdominal ultrasound findings consistent with inflammatory bowel disease or gastrointestinal neoplasia were studied. Ultrasound evaluated all abdominal organs, with emphasis on the gastrointestinal tract, and parameters included the thickness of gastric and intestinal wall, the variations of its echogenicity, reduced intestinal lumen, mesenteric lymph nodes, involvement of other abdominal organs and presence of abdominal effusion. All cats were referred to exploratory laparotomy, in order to obtain biopsy samples. Mean age was 11.6 years and there were 23 females and 17 males. Clinical signs included weight loss (87.5%), vomiting (82.5%), hyporexia (75%), diarrhea (35%), constipation (10%), polyphagia (5%) and intestinal gases (5%). In abdominal ultrasound, the most common findings were increased thickness of the gastric and/or intestinal wall, decreased echogenicity of the intestinal wall, reduction of the intestinal lumen due to severe wall thickening or presence of obstructive mass, and lymphadenopathy. Histopathology revealed alimentary lymphoma (AL) in 19 cases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in 10 cases, intestinal adenocarcinoma in 7 cases, mast cell tumor in 2 cases and intestinal hemangiosarcoma in 2 cases.Discussion: Weight loss and vomiting were the two main complaints of the owners. However, diarrhea, described by previous authors as one of the main clinical signs in cats with intestinal diseases, was present in only 35% of cats of this study. The intestinal segments that were presented more frequently with increased wall thickness were duodenum and jejunum, and the mean wall thickness was 0.51 cm. Cats diagnosed with AL had mean value of duodenum wall thickness/jejunum of 0.564 cm, while in patients with IBD the mean value was 0.462 cm. Whereas previous authors said that ultrasonographic findings in cats with lymphocytic lymphoma are usually indistinguishable from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and that the wall thickness in both cases may be normal or increased, the analysis presented in this study was considered representative since most cases of AL corresponded to lymphocytic lymphoma. Surgery was performed on 35 cats in the study. The choice for exploratory laparotomy (instead of endoscopy for example) was to collect all layers of the intestinal segment, and it was successful, as all samples were representative and allowed the definitive diagnosis. Histopathology revealed 19 cases of alimentary lymphoma, 10 cases of inflammatory bowel disease, 7 cases of intestinal adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of intestinal mast cell tumor and 2 cases of intestinal hemangiosarcoma. The prevalence of AL over IBD has been previously discussed, but the occurrence of adenocarcinoma and mast cell tumor was higher in the present study. On feline physical examination, attention should be directed to abdominal palpation, since this study showed that 47.5% of the animals had intestinal wall thickening. The ultrasonographic evaluation and histopathological diagnosis is essential for the clinical management of cats with intestinal diseases.

Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of anti-inflammatory activities of selenium nanoparticles synthesized by Kluyveromyces lactis GG799

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao fan Song ◽  
Lei Qiao ◽  
Shuqi Yan ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Xina Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Kluyveromyces Lactis ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Selenium (Se) as an essential micronutrient that has implications in human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially with respect to Se deficiencies. Recently, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted significant...

What Should Be Done in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients with Prior Malignancy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Cosnes
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Prior Malignancy

Background: Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with prior malignancy is challenging because therapeutic immunosuppression required for controlling IBD activity may increase the risk of cancer recurrence. Key Messages: Contrary to the observations in the post-transplant population, retrospective observational studies of IBD patients with prior malignancy have not demonstrated that immunosuppressive drugs increased significantly the risk of new or recurrent cancer. However, these studies are highly biased and do not permit the use of these drugs. Factors like the time since treatment completion, severity, and subtype of prior cancer should be weighed along with the current IBD activity before choosing the best therapeutic strategy. In practice, most cases of prior cancer require a delay of at least 2 years before starting or resuming immunosuppressants, including anti-TNF agents. This delay should be extended to 5 years in cancer with a high risk of recurrence including cancer of the urinary tract, gastrointestinal cancer, leukemias, and multiple myeloma. A special attention should be paid to cancers with a high risk of late metastasis (breast, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma). Enteral nutrition, Budesonide, mesalamine, and limited intestinal resection should be considered following the completion of cancer treatment and prior to the safe initiation of immunosuppressive treatment for IBD. Thiopurines should be avoided in case of prior Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphoma, HPV-related carcinomas, and cancer of the urinary tract. Methotrexate and anti-TNF agents seem to be safe except for the risk of recurrent melanoma for the latter. Conclusion: IBD patients with prior malignancy should benefit from individual decisions made on a case-by-case basis.

scholarly journals Food and Food Groups in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): The Design of the Groningen Anti-Inflammatory Diet (GrAID)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Marjo J. E. Campmans-Kuijpers ◽  
Gerard Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Diet plays a pivotal role in the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients are keen to know what to eat to reduce symptoms and flares, but dietary guidelines are lacking. To advice patients, an overview of the current evidence on food (group) level is needed. This narrative review studies the effects of food (groups) on the onset and course of IBD and if not available the effects in healthy subjects or animal and in vitro IBD models. Based on this evidence the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet (GrAID) was designed and compared on food (group) level to other existing IBD diets. Although on several foods conflicting results were found, this review provides patients a good overview. Based on this evidence, the GrAID consists of lean meat, eggs, fish, plain dairy (such as milk, yoghurt, kefir and hard cheeses), fruit, vegetables, legumes, wheat, coffee, tea and honey. Red meat, other dairy products and sugar should be limited. Canned and processed foods, alcohol and sweetened beverages should be avoided. This comprehensive review focuses on anti-inflammatory properties of foods providing IBD patients with the best evidence on which foods they should eat or avoid to reduce flares. This was used to design the GrAID.

P044 HIF1A IS A SWITCH IN THE PRO- VS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY FOXP3 GENE CIRCUITRY NETWORKS IMPLICATED IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S15-S16
Author(s):  
Olga F Sarmento ◽  
Phyllis A Svingen ◽  
Mary R Sagstetter ◽  
Michelle M Gonzalez ◽  
Adebowale O Bamidele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Foxp3 Gene ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Can We Target Endogenous Anti-inflammatory Responses as a Therapeutic Strategy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2123-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross John Porter ◽  
Caroline Andrews ◽  
Daniel Paul Brice ◽  
Scott Kenneth Durum ◽  
Mairi Hall McLean
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

A moderately elevated soy protein diet mitigates inflammatory changes in gut and in bone turnover during chronic TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne E. Metzger ◽  
S. Anand Narayanan ◽  
David C. Zawieja ◽  
Susan A. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Colitis Model

Inflammatory bowel disease is a condition that leads to gut pathologies such as abnormal lymphatic architecture, as well as to systemic comorbidities such as bone loss. Furthermore, current therapies are limited to low efficacy and incur side effects. Dietary interventions have been explored minimally, but may provide a treatment for improving gut outcomes and comorbidities. Indeed, plant-based soy protein has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we tested the impact of a moderately elevated soy protein diet in a chronic, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model on gut and bone inflammatory-mediated pathophysiological adaptations. Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of TNBS. Gut histopathology was scored, and lymphatic structural changes and the local inflammatory state were assessed via immunofluorescence. In addition, the effects of gut inflammation on bone turnover and osteocyte proteins were determined via histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The moderately elevated soy protein diet produced improvements in both colonic and bone tissues. In TNBS animals given the soy protein intervention, colon histological scores were reduced and the abnormal lymphatic architecture resolved. There were also improvements in bone formation and reduced bone resorption. In addition, TNBS increased inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand in the gut and bone, but this was resolved in both tissues with the dietary soy protein intervention. The moderately elevated soy protein diet mitigated gut and bone inflammation in a chronic, TNBS-induced colitis model, demonstrating the potential for soy protein as a potential anti-inflammatory dietary intervention for inflammatory bowel disease.

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