ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻔﺼﻮل اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﻮر اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﻮر اﻟﻔﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ The Theory of classes The Transition from the Mathematical – Logical Concept to the Physical Concept

This chapter discusses the implications of Spinoza’s concept of individual bodies, as introduced in the definition of individuum in the physical digression. It begins by showing that this definition allows for an extremely wide application of the term; accordingly, very different sorts of physical entities can be described as Spinozistic individuals. Given the quite distinct use of the terms divisibilis and indivisibilis in his metaphysics, however, the chapter argues that the physical concept of individuality is not universally applied in the Ethics but reserved for physical or natural-philosophical considerations. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the problem of collective individuals. It is argued that, while societies or states are described as individual bodies, they do not constitute individual group minds in the strict sense of the term for Spinoza. This in turn indicates that minds are not individuated in the same way as bodies.

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Biofilm physical structure, internal diffusivity and tortuosity

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0184 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 77-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

L.F. Melo

Keyword(s):

Laminar Flow ◽

Research Group ◽

Fluid Velocity ◽

Physical Structure ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

Physical Concept ◽

Common Trend ◽

Effective Diffusivities ◽

Biofilm Structure ◽

Turbulent Flow Conditions

The paper proposes tortuosity as a physical concept particularly useful to interpret internal diffusivities in terms of biofilm structure. Results from different authors are presented showing how average effective diffusivities in biofilms (measured with inert tracers) vary with the fluid velocity: in the case of biofilms formed under turbulent flow conditions, an increase in fluid velocity corresponds to a decrease in the diffusivity, although sometimes this decrease is very slight; however, in laminar flow situations, no common trend is found from research group to research group.

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The Chewa Logical Concept of Truth

Philosophical Studies Series - Meaning and Truth in African Philosophy ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-01962-4_6 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 91-105

Author(s):

Grivas Muchineripi Kayange

Keyword(s):

Logical Concept ◽

Concept Of Truth

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Common Characteristics and Differences in External and Internal Auditing

European Journal of Economics and Business Studies ◽

10.2478/ejes-2018-0030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 261-267

Author(s):

Fatmir Mehmeti

Keyword(s):

Internal Control ◽

Value Added ◽

Internal Audit ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Financial Information ◽

Financial Reports ◽

External Auditors ◽

Logical Concept ◽

Public Company

Abstract Many scholars have shown that failure in leading big companies as well as the latest financial crises have led the auditing market to perceive traditional auditing more as a legal requirement rather than as a value added for the company. There are others that do not completely agree to this, but they all accept that the auditing as a profession should accept changes which will affect the value added for the company from auditing. Nowadays the companies are required more accountability rather that it was required before, perversely only financial reports were reported by the companies. Auditing is a process which confirms the statement provided by the company management regarding the information in financial statements that are real and accurate. Auditing has to be based on evidences and logical concept for better understanding. For companies that operate in the market, it is important to provide financial information that is consistent, reliable and complete for all users of the financial statements (banks, potential shareholders and the international community). In daily practice of entities we have two kinds audit, the internal and external audits. Usually, these are interlinked and complementary, with the ultimate aim that the (overall) audit is more effective and the reports that will emerge are fully arguable and meaningful. The internal audit has an important role which is to increase the effectiveness of internal control in private or public company. Internal audit has the responsibility of informing the management of the institution of deficiencies or weaknesses in the internal control system. External auditors are the fist line of the front for companies liadership. They play a key role in verifying the financial information provided to shareholders. External auditors inspect the financial statements prepared by the entity and provide assurance and independent opinion if these statements represent a true and fair view of the entity's condition for the year under review.

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Review of light field technologies

Visual Computing for Industry Biomedicine and Art ◽

10.1186/s42492-021-00096-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuyao Zhou ◽

Tianqian Zhu ◽

Kanle Shi ◽

Yazi Li ◽

Wen Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Field ◽

Depth Estimation ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Light Fields ◽

Physical Concept ◽

Network Bandwidth ◽

The Past ◽

Art Research ◽

Near Future ◽

Field Imaging

AbstractLight fields are vector functions that map the geometry of light rays to the corresponding plenoptic attributes. They describe the holographic information of scenes by representing the amount of light flowing in every direction through every point in space. The physical concept of light fields was first proposed in 1936, and light fields are becoming increasingly important in the field of computer graphics, especially with the fast growth of computing capacity as well as network bandwidth. In this article, light field imaging is reviewed from the following aspects with an emphasis on the achievements of the past five years: (1) depth estimation, (2) content editing, (3) image quality, (4) scene reconstruction and view synthesis, and (5) industrial products because the technologies of lights fields also intersect with industrial applications. State-of-the-art research has focused on light field acquisition, manipulation, and display. In addition, the research has extended from the laboratory to industry. According to these achievements and challenges, in the near future, the applications of light fields could offer more portability, accessibility, compatibility, and ability to visualize the world.

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