Effect of Utilizing Perineal Massage, Warm Compresses and Hands on Techniques during the Second Stage of Labor on Perineal Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labor in prevention perineal traumas during childbirth.STUDY DESIGN: This observational study was conducted with 171 nulliparous women delivered by vaginally between January 2017 and May 2019. All the patients managed by the selective episiotomy principle. All the patients were divided into two groups: the perineal massage group and the control group. The perineal massage was performed during the second stage of labor until the baby's head was birth. The control group received routine labor care. In the case of threatening tears in any patient and at the preference of the midwife, mediolateral episiotomy was performed. Following childbirth, the perineum and vagina were examined for perineal tears and episiotomy by the midwives.RESULTS: The length of the second stage of labor was significantly lower in the massage group (36±19 minute) compared with the control group (46±25 minute, p=0.024). Twenty-five women (28.8%) in the massage group had intact perineum after vaginal birth, compared with five (6.0%) in the control group (p=0.003). The rate of first- and second-degree perineal tears are higher in the massage group [28 patients (32.2%) and 9 patients (10.3%), respectively] than in the control group [10 patients (11.9%) and 5 patients (6.0%), respectively, p<0.001]. The incidence of episiotomy was significantly lower in the massage group (25 patients, 28.7%) than in the control group (64 patients, 76.1%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Perineal massage should be considered a routine intervention to reduce the incidence of perineal trauma.

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Effect of perineum massage with olive oil on perineum integrity and duration of second period of delivery

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v18i2.6029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 131-142

Author(s):

Evrim Bayraktar ◽

Mürüvvet Başer

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Perineal Tear ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

Second Stage ◽

Massage Group ◽

And Control ◽

Perineal Massage ◽

Second Period

Background: Perineal trauma that may occur during labor may pose a critical risk both for mother’s health and her quality of life. Childbirth and puerperium are of the most important periods in women’s lives and can affect different aspects of their lives. Aims and objectives: To determine the effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labor with olive oil on perineal lacerations, episiotomy, and perineum tears in multiparous women. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Method: Among women who applied to Maternity Hospital in Turkey 350 pregnant women were assigned to massage group while other 350 were to control group. The participants were selected through convenience sampling, and randomly assigned to two groups: intervention and control groups. The intervention group received perineal massage with olive oil during second stage of labor. Subsequently, we analyzed perineal laceration, episiotomy, and perineal tear among the two groups. All of them were taught about postpartum perineal tear and its severity, and the researcher followed them up 4 hours, and 1 days after childbirth. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. We used descriptive statistics and analytical statistics, including t test, Chi-square test, One-Simple Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Findings: Frequency of episiotomy was 34.3% in the intervention group and 48.6% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) Tear appeared in 17.7% of the massage group while in 38.0% of the controls. Percentage of tear formation in the massage group significantly decreased (p<0.05) No statistically significant difference was found between the second period of the delivery of massage and control group Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study and those of other studies, perineal massage during the second stage of labor can reduce the need for episiotomy, and avoid perineal injuries, and perineal pain.

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Reducing perineal trauma through perineal massage with vaseline in second stage of labor

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1007/s00404-011-1919-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 285 (1) ◽

pp. 77-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mehrnaz Geranmayeh ◽

Zahra Rezaei Habibabadi ◽

Bijan Fallahkish ◽

Mahdi Azizabadi Farahani ◽

Zohreh Khakbazan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perineal Trauma ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

Second Stage ◽

Perineal Massage

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Perineal Massage during Second Stage of Labor to the Perineal Laceration Degree in Primigravida

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.32771/inajog.v4i4.440 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 218

Author(s):

Sitti Arafah ◽

David Lotisna ◽

Eddy Tiro

Keyword(s):

Study Data ◽

Control Group ◽

Perineal Laceration ◽

Chi Square ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

Second Stage ◽

Massage Group ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Care Training ◽

Perineal Massage

Objective: To determine the effect of perineal massage during second stage of labor on the perineal laceration degree in primigravida. Methods: The design of this study was non randomized controlled trial by conducting massage training of the perineum to 20 obstetrics and gynecology residents. All residents had passed the normal delivery care training. Primigravida who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. We assessed the degree of perineal laceration in this study. Data were analyzed using Chi square test in SPSS. Results: We obtained 103 subjects for massage group and 79 subjects for control group. There was a significant association between massage group and the incidence of intact perineum. In the massage group, most of perineal lacerations were first degree of laceration (52.4%); whereas, in the control group, most of them were second degree of laceration (77.2%). Statistical analysis showed a significant association between perineal massage and decreased of perineal laceration degree (p

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Effect of Perineal Massage on the Rate of Episiotomy

Journal of Family & Reproductive Health ◽

10.18502/jfrh.v13i3.2130 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Farideh Akhlaghi ◽

Zeynab Sabeti Baygi ◽

Mohsen Miri ◽

Mona Najaf Najafi

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Study Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

Random Allocation ◽

Active Stage ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

Second Stage ◽

The Difference ◽

Perineal Massage ◽

Perineal Damage

Objective: Women frequently experience perineal damage after a vaginal delivery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of perineal massage (PM) during labor on the need for episiotomies. Materials and methods: The study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted with 99 patients (n=49 controls; n=50 cases). Participants comprised of nulliparous pregnant women aged from 18 to 35 years in the 37th-42nd week of gestation, who referred to the Um-al-Banin Hospital of Mashhad from July to October 2018, for vaginal delivery and were in the active stage of labor. Allocation to study groups was based on a random allocation list generated by a software application. PM was performed for the cases in the active stage four times, each lasting for two minutes at intervals of half an hour. The massage was continued at the beginning of the second stage of labor for ten minutes. Control women received routine care. The delivery was practiced by a midwife who was blinded to the study groups and the performance or non-performance of massage. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16. Results: The need for episiotomy was significantly lower in the PM group than in the control group (p = 0.05). Spontaneous perineal tears were significantly higher in mothers of the PM group (p = 0.05. The spontaneous tear degree in the 20 mothers who did not require episiotomy (p = 0.5) and the degree of perineal tear in mothers who needed an episiotomy (n = 79; p = 0.1) were not significantly different in the two groups. In the PM group members who did not require episiotomy (n = 14) and the mother underwent a spontaneous tear, first-degree tears were more frequent than second-degree ones. The median duration of the active stage of labor until the stage completion was lower in the PM group than in the control group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.3). The median of the second stage duration in the control and intervention groups were 55 and 45 minutes, respectively, where the difference was significant (p = 0.002), and the median time of completion of the active stage until delivery in the PM group had reduced. Conclusion: PM had a significant impact on the reduction of the need for episiotomies and the duration of the second stage of labor. Thus, it can be suggested as a safe, simple, low-cost, and effective technique to reduce the perineal damage during delivery.

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