Effect of perineum massage with olive oil on perineum integrity and duration of second period of delivery

Background: Perineal trauma that may occur during labor may pose a critical risk both for mother’s health and her quality of life. Childbirth and puerperium are of the most important periods in women’s lives and can affect different aspects of their lives. Aims and objectives: To determine the effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labor with olive oil on perineal lacerations, episiotomy, and perineum tears in multiparous women. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Method: Among women who applied to Maternity Hospital in Turkey 350 pregnant women were assigned to massage group while other 350 were to control group. The participants were selected through convenience sampling, and randomly assigned to two groups: intervention and control groups. The intervention group received perineal massage with olive oil during second stage of labor. Subsequently, we analyzed perineal laceration, episiotomy, and perineal tear among the two groups. All of them were taught about postpartum perineal tear and its severity, and the researcher followed them up 4 hours, and 1 days after childbirth. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. We used descriptive statistics and analytical statistics, including t test, Chi-square test, One-Simple Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Findings: Frequency of episiotomy was 34.3% in the intervention group and 48.6% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) Tear appeared in 17.7% of the massage group while in 38.0% of the controls. Percentage of tear formation in the massage group significantly decreased (p<0.05) No statistically significant difference was found between the second period of the delivery of massage and control group Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study and those of other studies, perineal massage during the second stage of labor can reduce the need for episiotomy, and avoid perineal injuries, and perineal pain.

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Effectiveness of Perineal Massage in the Second Stage of Labor in Preventing Perineal Trauma

Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.21613/gorm.2020.1068 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Suleyman Cemil Oglak ◽

Mehmet Obut

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Perineal Trauma ◽

Control Group ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

Second Stage ◽

Mediolateral Episiotomy ◽

Perineal Tears ◽

Nulliparous Women ◽

Massage Group ◽

Perineal Massage

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labor in prevention perineal traumas during childbirth.STUDY DESIGN: This observational study was conducted with 171 nulliparous women delivered by vaginally between January 2017 and May 2019. All the patients managed by the selective episiotomy principle. All the patients were divided into two groups: the perineal massage group and the control group. The perineal massage was performed during the second stage of labor until the baby's head was birth. The control group received routine labor care. In the case of threatening tears in any patient and at the preference of the midwife, mediolateral episiotomy was performed. Following childbirth, the perineum and vagina were examined for perineal tears and episiotomy by the midwives.RESULTS: The length of the second stage of labor was significantly lower in the massage group (36±19 minute) compared with the control group (46±25 minute, p=0.024). Twenty-five women (28.8%) in the massage group had intact perineum after vaginal birth, compared with five (6.0%) in the control group (p=0.003). The rate of first- and second-degree perineal tears are higher in the massage group [28 patients (32.2%) and 9 patients (10.3%), respectively] than in the control group [10 patients (11.9%) and 5 patients (6.0%), respectively, p<0.001]. The incidence of episiotomy was significantly lower in the massage group (25 patients, 28.7%) than in the control group (64 patients, 76.1%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Perineal massage should be considered a routine intervention to reduce the incidence of perineal trauma.

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Perineal Massage during Second Stage of Labor to the Perineal Laceration Degree in Primigravida

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.32771/inajog.v4i4.440 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 218

Author(s):

Sitti Arafah ◽

David Lotisna ◽

Eddy Tiro

Keyword(s):

Study Data ◽

Control Group ◽

Perineal Laceration ◽

Chi Square ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

Second Stage ◽

Massage Group ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Care Training ◽

Perineal Massage

Objective: To determine the effect of perineal massage during second stage of labor on the perineal laceration degree in primigravida. Methods: The design of this study was non randomized controlled trial by conducting massage training of the perineum to 20 obstetrics and gynecology residents. All residents had passed the normal delivery care training. Primigravida who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. We assessed the degree of perineal laceration in this study. Data were analyzed using Chi square test in SPSS. Results: We obtained 103 subjects for massage group and 79 subjects for control group. There was a significant association between massage group and the incidence of intact perineum. In the massage group, most of perineal lacerations were first degree of laceration (52.4%); whereas, in the control group, most of them were second degree of laceration (77.2%). Statistical analysis showed a significant association between perineal massage and decreased of perineal laceration degree (p

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EFFECT OF PREGNANCY EXERCISE ON DURATION OF THE FIRST AND SECOND STAGE OF LABOR IN PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS DURING THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.304 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 765-770

Author(s):

Iin Wahyuni ◽

Noor Pramono ◽

Titi Suherni ◽

Melyana Nurul Widyawati

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Health Center ◽

Average Duration ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Control Group ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

Second Stage ◽

The Third ◽

And Control

Objective: This study aimed to examine the pregnancy exercise during the third trimester of pregnancy on duration of the first and second stage of labor in primigravida at the Community Health Center of Sukamaju, Bandar lampung, Indonesia.Methods: This study employed a quasy experimental design with posttest-only non-equivalent control group. This study was conducted from 8 January 2017 to 12 February 2017 at the Community Health Center of Sukamaju. Forty-eight primigravida mothers were selected using consecutive sampling, with 24 assigned in the experiment and control group. Data were analyzed using Mann whitney and Chi square test.Results: The average duration of the first stage of labor in the experiment group was 495 minutes and in the control group was 685 minutes (p= 0.000); while the average duration of the second stage of labor in the experiment group was 42.5 minutes and in the control group was 68.75 minutes (p=0.000).Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of the first and second stage of labor between experiment and control group. It is expected for midwives in the community health centers to implement pregnancy exercise program to help mothers in accelerating the delivery process.

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The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Amnesia in Patients Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Caring Sciences ◽

10.34172/jcs.2021.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Hossein Namdar Areshtanab ◽

Saeed Alinejad Machiani ◽

Hossein Ebrahimi ◽

Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽

Sakineh Goljarian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

Control Group ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Spss Software ◽

And Control

Abstract Introduction:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the oldest procedure among the early biological treatments introduced in psychiatry. However, the most debated and treatment-limiting adverse effect of ECT is amnesia. Therefore, due to the restriction of the use of drugs to manage amnesia in patients undergoing ECT, the present study investigated the effect of reflexology on amnesia. Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, 68 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received foot reflexology with olive oil 20 minutes a day for 3 days, while the control group was given a gentle foot rub with olive oil 20 minutes a day for 3 days. The amnesia rate of all patients was measured by the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT) 30 minutes after the end of ECT. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.5 and t-test, chi-squared test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results:The results showed that reflexology significantly increased recalling scores in the intervention group compared to the control group. Foot reflexology seems to be effective in managing amnesia in patients after ECT. Conclusion:Foot reflexology, as a relatively simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive technique with few side effects, can be used to manage amnesia in patients after ECT.

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EFFECT OF YOGA ON DURATION OF THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOR AND PERINEAL RUPTURE IN PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.295 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 702-706

Author(s):

Ana Setyowati ◽

Suhartono Suhartono ◽

Ngadiyono Ngadiyono ◽

Rr Sri Endang Pujiastuti ◽

Dyah Dyah

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

The Public ◽

Second Stage ◽

Central Java ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

And Control

Objective: To determine the effect of yoga on the duration of the second stage of labor and perineal rupture in primigravida mothers.Methods: This was a Quasy experimental study with posttest group only design. The study was conducted in the Public Health Center of Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia from December 2016 until January 2017. There were 50 mothers selected using purposive sampling, which 25 assigned in the experiment and control group. Independent t-test and Chi Square test were used for data analysis.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of second stage of labor (p=0.000) and perineal rupture (p=0.001) between experiment and control group. Conclusion: There was a significant effect of yoga on the duration of the second stage of labor and perineal rupture in primigravida mothers. Therefore, yoga is recommended for midwife to be included in the antenatal care.

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Pengaruh Pemijatan Perineum pada Primigravida terhadap Kejadian Ruptur Perineum saat Persalinan di Bidan Praktek Mandiri di Kota Bengkulu Tahun 2014

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v4i1.204 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wewet Savitri ◽

Ermawati Ermawati ◽

Elda Yusefni

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Control Group ◽

Independent Practice ◽

Chi Square ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

Perineal Massage

AbstrakRuptur perineum merupakan salah satu komplikasi persalinan kala II yang dapat menyebabkan disfungsi organ reproduksi wanita, perdarahan dan laserasi. Sebanyak 85% wanita melahirkan pervaginam dapat mengalami ruptur perineum. Salah satu cara mengurangi ruptur perineum adalah dengan melakukan pemijatan perineum untuk meningkatkan kesehatan, aliran darah dan elastisitas perineum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh pemijatan perineum pada primigravida terhadap kejadian ruptur perineum saat persalinan di Bidan Praktek Mandiri di Kota Bengkulu Tahun 2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan metode post test only control group design. Penelitian dilakukan di Bidan Praktek Mandiri (BPM) kota Bengkulu dengan subjek 28 orang primigravida usia kehamilan 36 minggu yang terdiri dari 14 orang kelompok intervensi dan 14 orang kelompok kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan dari 10 Maret 2014 hingga 10 Mei 2014, kemudian data dianalisis dengan uji Chi Square. Kejadian ruptur perineum pada kelompok intervensi setelah dilakukan pemijatan perineum hanya 21,4% sementara pada kelompok kontrol 71,4%. Hasil penelitian membuktikan ada pengaruh pemijatan perineum pada primigravida terhadap kejadian ruptur perineum (p<0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemijatan perineum pada primigravida berpengaruh terhadap kejadian ruptur perineum pada saat persalinan.Kata kunci: pemijatan perineum, primigravida, ruptur perineumAbstractPerineal rupture is one of the second stage of labor complications that can lead to dysfunction of the female reproductive organs, bleeding and lacerations. As many as 85% of women give birth vaginally may experience rupture of the perineum. A method of reduce perineal rupture is a perineal massage to promote health, blood flow and elasticity of the perineum. The objekctive of this study was to determine the effect of perineal massage on the incidence of perineal rupture in primigravid during childbirth in Independent Practice of Midwifery in the city of Bengkulu year 2014. This study was a quasi-experimental study with the method of post test only control group design. The study was conducted in independent practice of midwifery) in Bengkulu city including subject of 28 primigravida with 36 weeks of gestation consisting of 14 intervention group and 14 control group. The study was done from March 10th untill may 10th 2014, then the data were analyzed with chi- square test. Perineal rupture in the intervention group after perineal massage performed only 21.4% while in the control group was 71.4%. this study showed that there was effect of perineal massage on the incidence of perineal rupture of primigravida (p<0.05). This study concludes that perineal massage in primigravida can effected the incidence of perineal rupture at delivery.Keywords: perineal massage, primigravida, perineal

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Prevalence of Perineal Tear Peripartum after Two Antepartum Perineal Massage Techniques: A Non-Randomised Controlled Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10214934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 4934

Author(s):

María Álvarez-González ◽

Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez ◽

Lorena Álvarez-Barrio ◽

Ana F. López-Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

The Other ◽

Perineal Pain ◽

Control Group ◽

Perineal Tear ◽

Massage Group ◽

Pain Prevalence ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Perineal Massage ◽

Postpartum Pain

Perineal massage increases elasticity of myofascial perineal tissue and decreases the burning and perineal pain during labour, thus optimising child birth, although an application protocol has not been standardised yet. The objective of this study is to determine the efficiency of massage in perineal tear prevention and identification of possible differences in massage application. Total of 90 pregnant participants were divided into three groups: perineal massage and EPI-NO® device group, applied by an expert physiotherapist, self-massage group, where women were instructed to apply perineal massage in domestic household, and a control group, which received ordinary obstetric attention. Results: The results showed significant differences among the control group and the two perineal massage groups in perineal postpartum pain. Correlations in perineal postpartum pain, labour duration and the baby’s weight were not statistically significant. Lithotomy posture was significantly less prevalent in the massage group than in the other two; this variable is known to have a direct effect on episiotomy incidence and could act as a causal covariate of the different incidence of episiotomy in the groups. Perineal massage reduces postpartum perineal pain, prevalence and severity of perineal tear during delivery.

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The effect of warm compresses on perineal tear and pain intensity during the second stage of labor: A randomized controlled trial

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.1452 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Soumaya Modoor ◽

Howieda Fouly ◽

Hawazen Rawas

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

National Guard ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Perineal Tear ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

Second Stage ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Warm compress is believed to reduce perineal tear occurrence and decrease pain intensity during the second stage of childbirth.Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of warm compresses on perineal tear and pain intensity during the second stage of labor. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted between 28 September 2018 to 30 October 2018 in King Khaled Hospital (KKH), affiliated with the Ministry of National Guard Hospital Affairs, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City Western Region, Saudi Arabia. According to eligibility criteria, the sample randomly recruited through lottery included 100 primigravida pregnant women, with 50 in each intervention and control group. Data were presented in the form of frequency and percentages, standard deviation, and mean. Chi-square test was used for data analysis, with p-value significance at ˂ 0.05.Results: Sociodemographic data revealed no statistically significant difference in the age, education, occupation, and residence of both the control and experimental group. The perineum area’s pain intensity after birth showed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups (p = 0.001). The perineal tear was also significantly different between both groups (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The applied warm compresses on the perineum area positively reduce second and third-degree perineal tear and pain intensity during the second stage of labor and after childbirth. Therefore, midwives and nurses are expected to actively provide effective planned in-service training programs regarding warm compresses' advantages in the second stage of labor and apply this procedure actively.

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Effect of Perineal Massage on the Rate of Episiotomy

Journal of Family & Reproductive Health ◽

10.18502/jfrh.v13i3.2130 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Farideh Akhlaghi ◽

Zeynab Sabeti Baygi ◽

Mohsen Miri ◽

Mona Najaf Najafi

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Study Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

Random Allocation ◽

Active Stage ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

Second Stage ◽

The Difference ◽

Perineal Massage ◽

Perineal Damage

Objective: Women frequently experience perineal damage after a vaginal delivery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of perineal massage (PM) during labor on the need for episiotomies. Materials and methods: The study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted with 99 patients (n=49 controls; n=50 cases). Participants comprised of nulliparous pregnant women aged from 18 to 35 years in the 37th-42nd week of gestation, who referred to the Um-al-Banin Hospital of Mashhad from July to October 2018, for vaginal delivery and were in the active stage of labor. Allocation to study groups was based on a random allocation list generated by a software application. PM was performed for the cases in the active stage four times, each lasting for two minutes at intervals of half an hour. The massage was continued at the beginning of the second stage of labor for ten minutes. Control women received routine care. The delivery was practiced by a midwife who was blinded to the study groups and the performance or non-performance of massage. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16. Results: The need for episiotomy was significantly lower in the PM group than in the control group (p = 0.05). Spontaneous perineal tears were significantly higher in mothers of the PM group (p = 0.05. The spontaneous tear degree in the 20 mothers who did not require episiotomy (p = 0.5) and the degree of perineal tear in mothers who needed an episiotomy (n = 79; p = 0.1) were not significantly different in the two groups. In the PM group members who did not require episiotomy (n = 14) and the mother underwent a spontaneous tear, first-degree tears were more frequent than second-degree ones. The median duration of the active stage of labor until the stage completion was lower in the PM group than in the control group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.3). The median of the second stage duration in the control and intervention groups were 55 and 45 minutes, respectively, where the difference was significant (p = 0.002), and the median time of completion of the active stage until delivery in the PM group had reduced. Conclusion: PM had a significant impact on the reduction of the need for episiotomies and the duration of the second stage of labor. Thus, it can be suggested as a safe, simple, low-cost, and effective technique to reduce the perineal damage during delivery.

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Effect of aromatherapy massage with orange essential oil on postoperative pain after cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2020-0138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Seyedmohammad Mirhosseini ◽

Ali Abbasi ◽

Nastaran Norouzi ◽

Fatemeh Mobaraki ◽

Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Nursing Intervention ◽

Anxiety Score ◽

Control Group ◽

And Control ◽

Orange Essential Oil

Abstract Objectives Many women in recent years have been willing to undergo puncture surgery for childbirth, which, like other surgeries, has physical and psychological side effects such as incision, infertility, chronic pain, and anxiety. Therefore, it is important to reduce and improve these side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot massage with orange essential oil on pain and anxiety in women undergoing cesarean section. Methods This randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2019 on 80 women referred to Bahar Shahroud Hospital after cesarean section surgery. The samples were divided into two groups by intervention (foot massage with orange essential oil) and control (foot massage without orange essential oil). The Spielberger scale was used to determine anxiety scores after cesarean section. In the intervention group, the feet were massaged with orange essential oil, and in the control group, the orange essential oil massage was performed without oil. Anxiety before, immediately after, and 60 min after the intervention was measured and evaluated in both groups. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significant levels were considered for all statistical tests (p<0.05). Results The anxiety score before the intervention in the two groups of intervention and control was 57.12 ± 3.12 and 57.07 ± 3.54, respectively, which were not significantly different, but immediately after the intervention, the anxiety scores in both groups decreased significantly so that there was a further decrease in the intervention group (52.10 ± 4.75 and 56.02 ± 3.77), 1 h after the intervention, the anxiety score in the intervention group decreased compared to the previous stage and increased in the control group (50.40 ± 3.74 and 56.85 ± 4.27). Conclusions Foot massage with orange essential oil can probably be effective as a proper nursing intervention in reducing anxiety after cesarean section surgery.

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