scholarly journals Effect of Perineal Massage on the Rate of Episiotomy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Akhlaghi ◽  
Zeynab Sabeti Baygi ◽  
Mohsen Miri ◽  
Mona Najaf Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Active Stage ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Perineal Massage ◽  
Perineal Damage

Objective: Women frequently experience perineal damage after a vaginal delivery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of perineal massage (PM) during labor on the need for episiotomies. Materials and methods: The study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted with 99 patients (n=49 controls; n=50 cases). Participants comprised of nulliparous pregnant women aged from 18 to 35 years in the 37th-42nd week of gestation, who referred to the Um-al-Banin Hospital of Mashhad from July to October 2018, for vaginal delivery and were in the active stage of labor. Allocation to study groups was based on a random allocation list generated by a software application. PM was performed for the cases in the active stage four times, each lasting for two minutes at intervals of half an hour. The massage was continued at the beginning of the second stage of labor for ten minutes. Control women received routine care. The delivery was practiced by a midwife who was blinded to the study groups and the performance or non-performance of massage. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16. Results: The need for episiotomy was significantly lower in the PM group than in the control group (p = 0.05). Spontaneous perineal tears were significantly higher in mothers of the PM group (p = 0.05. The spontaneous tear degree in the 20 mothers who did not require episiotomy (p = 0.5) and the degree of perineal tear in mothers who needed an episiotomy (n = 79; p = 0.1) were not significantly different in the two groups. In the PM group members who did not require episiotomy (n = 14) and the mother underwent a spontaneous tear, first-degree tears were more frequent than second-degree ones. The median duration of the active stage of labor until the stage completion was lower in the PM group than in the control group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.3). The median of the second stage duration in the control and intervention groups were 55 and 45 minutes, respectively, where the difference was significant (p = 0.002), and the median time of completion of the active stage until delivery in the PM group had reduced. Conclusion: PM had a significant impact on the reduction of the need for episiotomies and the duration of the second stage of labor. Thus, it can be suggested as a safe, simple, low-cost, and effective technique to reduce the perineal damage during delivery.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Perineal Massage in the Second Stage of Labor in Preventing Perineal Trauma

2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Suleyman Cemil Oglak ◽  
Mehmet Obut
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Perineal Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Mediolateral Episiotomy ◽  
Perineal Tears ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Massage Group ◽  
Perineal Massage

<p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> This study was aimed to investigate the effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labor in prevention perineal traumas during childbirth.</p><p><strong>STUDY DESIGN:</strong> This observational study was conducted with 171 nulliparous women delivered by vaginally between January 2017 and May 2019. All the patients managed by the selective episiotomy principle. All the patients were divided into two groups: the perineal massage group and the control group. The perineal massage was performed during the second stage of labor until the baby's head was birth. The control group received routine labor care. In the case of threatening tears in any patient and at the preference of the midwife, mediolateral episiotomy was performed. Following childbirth, the perineum and vagina were examined for perineal tears and episiotomy by the midwives.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The length of the second stage of labor was significantly lower in the massage group (36±19 minute) compared with the control group (46±25 minute, p=0.024). Twenty-five women (28.8%) in the massage group had intact perineum after vaginal birth, compared with five (6.0%) in the control group (p=0.003). The rate of first- and second-degree perineal tears are higher in the massage group [28 patients (32.2%) and 9 patients (10.3%), respectively] than in the control group [10 patients (11.9%) and 5 patients (6.0%), respectively, p&lt;0.001]. The incidence of episiotomy was significantly lower in the massage group (25 patients, 28.7%) than in the control group (64 patients, 76.1%, p&lt;0.001). </p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Perineal massage should be considered a routine intervention to reduce the incidence of perineal trauma.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of perineum massage with olive oil on perineum integrity and duration of second period of delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Evrim Bayraktar ◽  
Mürüvvet Başer
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perineal Tear ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Massage Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
Perineal Massage ◽  
Second Period

Background: Perineal trauma that may occur during labor may pose a critical risk both for mother’s health and her quality of life. Childbirth and puerperium are of the most important periods in women’s lives and can affect different aspects of their lives. Aims and objectives: To determine the effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labor with olive oil on perineal lacerations, episiotomy, and perineum tears in multiparous women. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Method: Among women who applied to Maternity Hospital in Turkey 350 pregnant women were assigned to massage group while other 350 were to control group. The participants were selected through convenience sampling, and randomly assigned to two groups: intervention and control groups. The intervention group received perineal massage with olive oil during second stage of labor. Subsequently, we analyzed perineal laceration, episiotomy, and perineal tear among the two groups. All of them were taught about postpartum perineal tear and its severity, and the researcher followed them up 4 hours, and 1 days after childbirth. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. We used descriptive statistics and analytical statistics, including t test, Chi-square test, One-Simple Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Findings: Frequency of episiotomy was 34.3% in the intervention group and 48.6% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) Tear appeared in 17.7% of the massage group while in 38.0% of the controls. Percentage of tear formation in the massage group significantly decreased (p<0.05) No statistically significant difference was found between the second period of the delivery of massage and control group Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study and those of other studies, perineal massage during the second stage of labor can reduce the need for episiotomy, and avoid perineal injuries, and perineal pain.

scholarly journals Perineal Massage during Second Stage of Labor to the Perineal Laceration Degree in Primigravida

2017 ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Sitti Arafah ◽  
David Lotisna ◽  
Eddy Tiro
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perineal Laceration ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Massage Group ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Care Training ◽  
Perineal Massage

Objective: To determine the effect of perineal massage during second stage of labor on the perineal laceration degree in primigravida. Methods: The design of this study was non randomized controlled trial by conducting massage training of the perineum to 20 obstetrics and gynecology residents. All residents had passed the normal delivery care training. Primigravida who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. We assessed the degree of perineal laceration in this study. Data were analyzed using Chi square test in SPSS. Results: We obtained 103 subjects for massage group and 79 subjects for control group. There was a significant association between massage group and the incidence of intact perineum. In the massage group, most of perineal lacerations were first degree of laceration (52.4%); whereas, in the control group, most of them were second degree of laceration (77.2%). Statistical analysis showed a significant association between perineal massage and decreased of perineal laceration degree (p

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PREGNANCY EXERCISE ON DURATION OF THE FIRST AND SECOND STAGE OF LABOR IN PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS DURING THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-770
Author(s):  
Iin Wahyuni ◽  
Noor Pramono ◽  
Titi Suherni ◽  
Melyana Nurul Widyawati
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Control

Objective: This study aimed to examine the pregnancy exercise during the third trimester of pregnancy on duration of the first and second stage of labor in primigravida at the Community Health Center of Sukamaju, Bandar lampung, Indonesia.Methods: This study employed a quasy experimental design with posttest-only non-equivalent control group. This study was conducted from 8 January 2017 to 12 February 2017 at the Community Health Center of Sukamaju. Forty-eight primigravida mothers were selected using consecutive sampling, with 24 assigned in the experiment and control group. Data were analyzed using Mann whitney and Chi square test.Results: The average duration of the first stage of labor in the experiment group was 495 minutes and in the control group was 685 minutes (p= 0.000); while the average duration of the second stage of labor in the experiment group was 42.5 minutes and in the control group was 68.75 minutes (p=0.000).Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of the first and second stage of labor between experiment and control group. It is expected for midwives in the community health centers to implement pregnancy exercise program to help mothers in accelerating the delivery process.

The Effects of an External Nasal Dilator on Labor

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Sadan ◽  
Sagit Shushan ◽  
Ido Eldar ◽  
Shmuel Evron ◽  
Samuel Lurie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Phase ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Satisfaction Rate ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Active Labor ◽  
Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid

Background The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an external nasal dilator on several variables characterizing labor in both mother and fetus. Methods One hundred and fifty primigravida women in active labor were randomized to wear, throughout labor, either a dilator spring-loaded nasal strip or a placebo device. Data were obtained during labor and compared between the groups. After delivery, the satisfaction rate was assessed. Results No differences were found between the study and the control group regarding rate of induction or augmentation of labor as well as Montevideo units reached, frequency of rupture of membranes, duration of the active phase and second stage of labor, usage of epidural analgesia, normal fetal heart pattern, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and neonatal well being. Length of maternal and neonatal hospitalization also did not differ between the groups. Satisfaction rate was significantly higher in parturient women wearing nasal strips with a dilator spring than in parturient women wearing a placebo spring (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Nasal strips do not change the course but ameliorate the quality of labor by improving the ease of breathing. Nasal dilators sustain the respiratory effort associated with the long process of labor and may control the switch from nasal to oronasal breathing during delivery.

scholarly journals Salivary α-Amylase Levels in Vertigo: Can it be an Autonomic Dysfunction?

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzer Korkmaz ◽  
Yusuf Ozgur Bicer ◽  
Erdinc Serin ◽  
Sinan Seyhan ◽  
Serap Koybasi Sanal
Keyword(s):  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soft Tissue Trauma ◽  
The Third ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tissue Trauma ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

We aim to demonstrate possible autonomic dysfunction based on salivary α-amylase measurements during and after the vertigo attacks associated with Ménière disease (MD) and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Patients admitted to the emergency room with a diagnosis of vertigo attacks caused by either MD (n = 15) or BPPV (n = 9) constituted the study groups. The control group (n = 10) consisted of volunteer patients admitted to the emergency department with minor soft-tissue trauma. The first saliva samples were obtained immediately during the attacks and the second and third samples were obtained on the third and fifteenth days of the attack, respectively. In the controls, the first sample was obtained after admission to the hospital and the second sample was obtained on the third day. Salivary α-amylase levels were evaluated. The difference between salivary α-amylase levels in patients with MD and BPPV was not significant. The amylase value measured early after the BPPV attack was significantly lower than that of the controls (p = 0.008). Although not significant, an undulating pattern of salivary α-amylase levels was observed with both diseases. An autonomic imbalance could be partly demonstrated by salivary α-amylase measurement early after the attack in patients with BPPV. Therefore, amylase may be a promising marker that is worth further investigation.

scholarly journals Pregnancy and labor outcomes in squat versus western style sitting toilet users: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4601
Author(s):  
Pooja Singh ◽  
Sandhya Jain ◽  
Shalini Rajaram ◽  
Vinita Rathi ◽  
Bindiya Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Toilet Seat ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Delivery Obstetric

Background: Squatting posture may appear outdated and primitive, but in the antenatal period, it is an important resistance exercise to strengthen the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles which are believed to potentially prepare the women for a more natural delivery. No study till date has evaluated the effect of type of toilet seat regularly used during pregnancy. This was a pilot study to assess obstetric outcomes in antenatal women using squat versus western style sitting toilet seat.Methods: In an observational prospective pilot study, low risk primigravida at 28-32 weeks gestation were recruited from the outpatient department and divided into two groups after matching baseline characteristics. Group I (n=50) included women regularly using squatting type toilet seat and group II (n=50) comprised women using western style toilet seat. Pregnancy was followed till delivery; obstetric and neonatal outcomes were noted.Results: Squatting group, as compared to sitting type seat users, had lower incidence of vaginal discharge (10% vs 16%), urinary tract infection(12% vs. 24%), constipation (2% vs. 6%), labor induction (52% vs. 58%), shorter second-stage duration (0.60 vs. 1.24 hours) and a higher incidence of normal vaginal delivery (94% vs. 86%), albeit not statistically significant. NICU admissions (16% vs. 20%) and mean birth weight (2.83 vs. 2.97 kg) were comparable in the two groups.Conclusions: Squatting type toilet seat users had many favourable obstetric outcomes, especially a higher incidence of normal vaginal delivery; although, the difference was not statistically significant. Large community based surveys in this regard can reveal the true effects of squatting type toilet seat on pregnancy and labour outcomes.

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