Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV Transmission: What Do We Know?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Mpundu Makasa ◽  
◽  
Charles Michelo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Sexually transmitted infections have remained a public health problem mainly in the developing world, where the burden of HIV is also high. Effects of sexually transmitted infections can be devastating and have also been shown to enhance transmission of HIV. The risk of transmission depends on the type of infection, whether it presents with an ulcer or it is it is only inflammatory. Mixed infections further increase the probability of HIV transmission, making the overall risk even higher. Understanding the dynamics of transmission is important. It is also essential to know which groupsof people are more at risk as this is fundamental in designing appropriate control interventions. This article gives an overview of sexually transmitted infections, and gives insight on their association with HIV infection, transmission risks and some control based interventions. In addition we also aimed to increase the understanding of where preventive and management gaps may still exist and in what contexts

Sexually transmitted infections: incidence and awareness among German adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Samkange-Zeeb ◽  
Saskia Pöttgen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

AbstractDespite the fact that they are largely preventable and curable, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) present a major global public health problem disproportionally affecting young persons aged 15-25 years. Several STIs can occur without, or only with mild and passing symptoms over long periods of time, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment, and also increasing the chance of the infections being passed on during unprotected sexual intercourse. According to reports, many adolescents get information on STIs such as chlamydia and human papillomavirus only after getting infected.

“The condom broke and I’m tired of worrying about HIV”

HIV ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sybil Hosek ◽  
Raphael J. Landovitz
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Seamless Transition ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk

Potential nonoccupational exposures to HIV should be considered as emergencies and access to postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is urgently required. There is no need to wait for initial HIV testing results before dispensing PEP because a 3-drug regimen is being used. For patients who remain at risk of HIV infection during or after the course of PEP, a seamless transition from PEP to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is ideal along with appropriate testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. There also is no need to have a “break” between PEP and PrEP, particularly if HIV transmission risk is ongoing. Interval testing before again prescribing medications is needed.

scholarly journals Awareness about Sexually Transmitted Infections and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Patients with Genital Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Madhu Gyawalee ◽  
BP Paudyal ◽  
DB Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Stis And Hiv

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major cause of public health problem. In developing countries, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is spreading rapidly, with sexually transmitted infections acting as a cofactor for the spread of HIV. Yet adequate awareness regarding these infections is lacking.Objective: To explore the knowledge and awareness about STIs and HIV infection in patients visiting Dermatology and Venereology Clinic of Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) with genital symptoms.Material and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in the department of dermato-venereology, TUTH for a period of one year. Total of 130 consecutive cases were enrolled. After taking consent and assuring confidentiality they were interviewed regarding awareness of STIs and HIV/AIDS.Results: Out of 130 cases, 95% and 98.5% had heard of an STI and HIV/AIDS respectively. Only 43.8% could mention discharge from genitalia as a symptom of STI whereas 38.5% could mention none. Most (91.5%) knew about the sexual mode of transmission of both STIs and HIV. None could mention about mother to child transmission of an STI, whereas 15% knew that an infected mother can transmit HIV to her baby. About 58% were aware that condoms could protect them from acquiring an STI, 63% perceived this as best method of prevention from HIV. When only 26% knew that being faithful to one partner is the best mode of prevention from an STI, 45% mentioned avoiding contact with multiple partners could prevent them from HIV transmission.Conclusions: Awareness programme on STIs as a whole could improve knowledge and awareness on HIV and STIs and hence prevent both.

Prevalence of Intestinal Helminth Infections of Stray Dogs of Public Health Significance in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Olatunji Ayodeji Abulude
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Helminth Infections

Globally, stray dogs have been a major source of zoonoses such as cutaneous larval migrans, visceral larval migrans and hydatidosis. These dogs are recognized as being a major public health problem where their population is unchecked. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites of stray dogs in Lagos metropolis. Stools of 96 stray dogs were examined microscopically for ova of these parasites using centrifugation flotation method. Four species of intestinal helminths were identified. The overall prevalence of helminths infection was 61.4%, with Ancylostoma caninum having a prevalence of 62.5%, Toxocara canis 20.8%, Dipylidium caninum 18.7% and Strongyloides stercoralis 2.0%. T. canis had the highest worm burden of 1,250 egg per gram (EPG) while S. stercoralis had the least (100 EPG). The areas with the most helminth infections were Yaba (n=12, X̄=1.58, SD=0.793), Agege (n=11, X̄=1.73, SD=0.786) and Ikotun (n=11, X̄=1.45, SD=0.820). S. stercoralis was only found in samples obtained from Mushin and Ikorodu. Most of the stool samples obtained from this study had mixed infections, 83.3% were infected with three helminth species, 8.3% were infected with four helminth species and none had double infection. Mushin had the most mixed infections (n=4, X̄=1.900, SD=1.101) while Obalende had the least (n=1, X̄=1.000, SD=0.000). Most of the intestinal helminth parasites identified in this study are zoonotic and thus pose a public health problem. Environmental factors seem to influence the health condition of these dogs, thus concerted efforts should be made to reduce the growing population of stray dogs on the street of Lagos.

‘Culpable and Reckless Conduct’: Criminalising the Transmission of HIV in Scotland, 1983–2014

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-200
Author(s):  
Roger Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
High Court ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

The chapter examines the criminalisation of HIV transmission in Scotland after 1983. First, as historical perspective, it reviews the series of largely abortive attempts by Scottish lawmakers to criminalise the transmission of VD since 1900. Secondly, it addresses the response of Scottish governance to the rising demand for additional public order and public health powers to contain the spread of HIV between 1983 and 2001, fuelled after 1997 by media coverage of cases in which it was alleged that innocent victims had been carelessly or knowingly infected. There follows a detailed narrative of the trial and sentencing of Stephen Kelly at the High Court in Glasgow in February 2001 for knowingly infecting his partner with HIV. A further section reviews the protracted medical, ethical and legal debate arising out of the case. Finally, the main strands of policy-making on the issue of amending the law during the period up to 2015 are outlined. This is set against the backdrop of three additional High Court cases between 2005 and 2010 and the publication of guidelines by the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service in 1912 for the prosecution of ‘intentional or reckless’ transmission of sexually transmitted infections.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infections, their treatment and urban change in colonial Leopoldville, 1910–1960

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-196
Author(s):  
João Dinis Sousa ◽  
Philip J. Havik ◽  
Anne-Mieke Vandamme
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Short Period

AbstractDuring the colonial period sexually transmitted infections (STIs) came to be recognised as a major public health problem in African cities. Thus, STI control and urban modernisation became deeply entangled as authorities redrew spatial and social boundaries to manage populations and their cross-cultural interaction. Public health measures, urban planning and policing were part of a coordinated effort to neutralise the potential impact of rapidly growing African urban migration on the Belgian Congo’s ‘model’ capital Leopoldville. While STI control was facilitated by new drugs (arsenicals, sulfonamides and antibiotics) to treat syphilis, chancroid, gonorrhoea and chlamydia (bacterial STIs), the effects of the 1929 economic crisis and urban social change illustrated the limits of colonial authority. Redesigning urban spaces and repressive measures to curb polygyny and prostitution operated in a parallel fashion with the expansion of health coverage, new treatments and awareness campaigns. To gain a better understanding of the evolution of STI incidence among African urban populations during the colonial period between 1910 and 1960, extensive archival records and secondary literature were consulted to assess the interplay between improved screening, diagnostic and therapeutic methods with demographic and social change. They show that STI rates, probably peaked during the pre-1929 period and apart from a short period in the early 1930s associated with mass screening, declined until becoming residual in the 1950s. Reflecting upon sanitary interventions and their broader dimensions, the article analyses the evolution of treatment regimes and their impact in the changing urban organisation and environment of the colony’s capital.

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