Soil salinization processes in the impact zone of mineralized water discharge by the case study in the Yaroslavl Volga region, Russia

Humid conditions do not encourage the formation of salt-affected soils enhancing leaching salts out of soil profiles. Nevertheless, the occurrence of salt-affected soils under humid climate is evident as a result from another factors but not the climatic one. Soil salinity in these landscapes is caused by anthropogenic salinization. The objective of this study was to identify types of chemical composition and salinity level of soils forming within the impact zone of artesian water discharge. This paper also provides determining the degree of contrast to adjacent non-saline soils and salt contamination boundaries. Soil and water samples were collected from three sites located in the Yaroslavl’ region, the Upper Volga. Sampling was released in June 2017. In the Upper Volga region high-mineralized water rises from saline aquifers via abandoned exploration wells drilled in the 1960s. These soils are found under an average annual rainfall of about 500-700 mm in taiga zone. This type of climate and vegetation cover normally should lead to the formation of Albic Retisols. Saline waters affecting soils are dominantly Na-Cl or Ca-Na-Cl-SO4 brines. Total dissolved solids in the saline waters range from 10000 to 259500 mg·L-1. Salt-affected soils have from low to high salinity (0,1-0,8%) but salt content does not exceed 1%. In the study areas maximum of salinity in the soils investigated was fixed near the water table or was associated with lithic discontinuity or abrupt textural change. Salt leaching from the upper horizons prevails in the course of annual cycle and that is what differs them from hydromorphic saline soils formed in arid climate. Field electrical surveys of salinity indicated the local zones of salinization. The salinization phenomenon in humid climate is not of the main pedogenic processes but the additional process. The upper horizons of salt-affected soils tend to have similar morphological features to zonal and intrazonal soils. The salt-affected soils studied were classified according to WRB as Orthofluvic Fluvisol (Humic, Loamic, Endosalic, Technic), Orthofluvic Gleyic Fluvisol (Humic, Siltic, Endosalic, Raptic), Amphistagnic Albic Retisol (Siltic, Anoaric, Cutanic, Endosalic), Albic Retisol (Siltic, Anoaric, Cutanic, Endosalic, Raptic).

Download Full-text

Investigation on the control of multiphase flow behavior in a continuous casting tundish during ladle change

Metallurgical Research & Technology ◽

10.1051/metal/2020070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (6) ◽

pp. 619

Author(s):

Rui Xu ◽

Haitao Ling ◽

Haijun Wang ◽

Lizhong Chang ◽

Shengtao Qiu

Keyword(s):

Multiphase Flow ◽

Flow Behavior ◽

Rolled Strip ◽

Impact Zone ◽

Steel Cleanliness ◽

Carry Over ◽

Slag Carry Over ◽

Hot Rolled ◽

Turbulence Inhibitor ◽

The Impact

The transient multiphase flow behavior in a single-strand tundish during ladle change was studied using physical modeling. The water and silicon oil were employed to simulate the liquid steel and slag. The effect of the turbulence inhibitor on the slag entrainment and the steel exposure during ladle change were evaluated and discussed. The effect of the slag carry-over on the water-oil-air flow was also analyzed. For the original tundish, the top oil phase in the impact zone was continuously dragged into the tundish bath and opened during ladle change, forming an emulsification phenomenon. By decreasing the liquid velocities in the upper part of the impact zone, the turbulence inhibitor decreased considerably the amount of entrained slag and the steel exposure during ladle change, thereby eliminating the emulsification phenomenon. Furthermore, the use of the TI-2 effectively lowered the effect of the slag carry-over on the steel cleanliness by controlling the movement of slag droplets. The results from industrial trials indicated that the application of the TI-2 reduced considerably the number of linear inclusions caused by ladle change in hot-rolled strip coils.

Download Full-text

THE EFFECT OF BACTERIAL STRAINS ON THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF SOILS IN IMPACT ZONE OF ATAMAN LAKE

STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. In the frame of the XXIII Agribusiness Forum of the South of Russia and the Exhibition «Interagromash» Volume 1 ◽

10.23947/interagro.2020.1.119-120 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

V.V. Zinchenko ◽

◽

E.S Fedorenko ◽

A.V Gorovtsov ◽

T.M Minkina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Dehydrogenase Activity ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Model Experiment ◽

Impact Zone ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

The Impact

As a result of the model experiment, an increase in the enzymatic activity of meadow chernozem of the impact zone of Ataman Lake with the introduction of a strains mixture of metal-resistant microorganisms into the soil was established. The experiment has shown that the application of bacterial strains increases the dehydrogenase activity of contaminated soil by 51.8% compared to the variant without remediation

Download Full-text

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2020i5pp28-33 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

Valery Genadievich Popov ◽

Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽

Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽

Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽

Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Volga Region ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Forest Belts ◽

Clear Differentiation ◽

The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

Download Full-text

USE OF AGRO-RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF GRAY FOREST SOILS OF UPPER VOLGA REGION

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2020-32-3-5-12 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Forest Soils ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Volga Region ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Resource Potential ◽

Field Crops ◽

Upper Volga ◽

Gray Forest Soils ◽

Winter Cereals

The results of long-term research on the influence of main indicators on their agro-resource potential are summarized on gray forest soils of the upper Volga region. For the conditions of the Vladimir Opolie, the probable yield of biomass and the main products of field crops were calculated at different coefficients ofphotosynthetic active radiation (FAR) use. Calculations of the main product yields are made taking into account the distribution of biomass to by-products and crop-root residues. For field crops of the studied crop rotations, the coefficients of precipitation utilization are estimated. They varied from 44 to 71%, depending on the crop rotation culture. On the slope of the southern exposure when cultivating winter cereals and perennial grasses, the main moisture losses were observed in the spring during snowmelt, when growing spring crops and potatoes, they were close in the autumn and spring periods. The sizes of moisture use by crops depending on the fertilizer systems for the creation of 1 C of grain units (g.u.) and from sub-arable layers are determined. In comparison with the liming background, the use of organic fertilizers reduced the water consumption coefficient from 9.6 to 8.5 mm/C g.u., their combination with a single dose of NPK - up to 7.3, and with a double dose - up to 6.8 mm / C g.u. Based on the amount of moisture used by crops, their possible yields are calculated. In spring crops, the amount of precipitation consumed (326-356 mm) corresponds to the use of 2.7-3% of the FAR and provides 54-60 C/ha of grain, in winter rye and wheat - about 4% of the FAR (yield 71-80 C/ha). In perennial grasses for 2 mowing, the moisture consumed is enough to use about 3% of the FAR., in potatoes -1.5%.

Download Full-text

PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING WHEAT DEPENDING ON GROWING CONDITIONS

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2020-30-1-22-27 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Economic Efficiency ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Volga Region ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Biological Products ◽

Upper Volga ◽

The Upper Volga Region

Spring wheat is the main grain crop. Stable production of high-quality wheat grain is the key to the country's food independence. Therefore, the study of the elements of growing spring wheat technology, aimed at increasing the productivity of crops, is important. The study of the interaction of plants and microorganisms depending on the level of mineral nutrition in crop planning is currently ofparticular relevance. The use of biological products, growth regulators improves the mineral nutrition of plants, increases productivity and its quality, and also provides savings in mineral fertilizers. In the upper Volga region, the main spring crops are wheat, barley and oats. To further increase them in the region, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the formation of yields and determine the most productive crops depending on the level of nutrition, biological products and growth regulators. The scientific article presents the results of the study of these drugs on the productivity of spring wheat. In field experiments, it was planned to get 30, 40 and 50 tons of grain per hectare. Fertilizers for the planned harvest were made taking into account the agrochemical properties of the soil. From biological products used Flavobacterin, which has a protective effect against diseases and improves product quality, from growth regulators used agrochemicals HUMATE + 7 (10 % liquid concentrate), which is characterized by high biological activity. The yield level was determined taking into account the average long-term moisture supply and qualitative assessment of arable land. The indicators of photosynthetic activity of crops, crop and its structure, quality characteristics of grain and economic efficiency of growing spring wheat in the upper Volga region are presented. As a result of researches the optimum level of mineral nutrition for wheat, the efficacy of agrochemical diazotroph and programming yields of spring wheat, determined the photosynthetic activity of crops and grain yield, calculated economic efficiency of the studied techniques and established the qualitative characteristics of the crop. The program for obtaining the planned wheat yields in the years of the experiments was completed by 68-91 %. Close to the planned the program was implemented using a biological product and growth regulator-74-91 %.

Download Full-text

Metal Contamination of Stream Waters under the Impact of Tanneries

Pesquisas em Geociências ◽

10.22456/1807-9806.19514 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MARIA LUCIA KOLOWSKI RODRIGUES ◽

MILTON LUIZ LAQUINTINIE FORMOSO

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Solid Material ◽

Total Variance ◽

Oxygen Conductivity ◽

Contamination Degree ◽

Iron Aluminum ◽

Relevant Variables ◽

Stream Waters ◽

The Impact

This study evaluated the contamination of water samples from Cadeia and Feitoria rivers (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil), affected by tannery activities. From July 1999 to April 2000, four sampling campaigns were performed at ten sites in order to evaluate selected metals and ancillary physicochemical variables. Sample preservation and analyses followed recommendations of the Standard Methods. Factor analysis was used to obtain statistical indexes representing the contamination degree of waters evaluated. The information was summarized in two principal components. The first, which accounted for 50% of the total variance, was associated to a tannery contribution and generated a contamination index. Total, Suspended and Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Conductivity, Chromium, Manganese, Copper, Nickel, Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium were the well-correlated variables with this first component. The water quality decreased from headwaters up to mouth along both streams, but the most contaminated sites were located at the lower reach of Feitoria river (Ivoti and Lindolfo Collor cities), where tanneries are concentrated. After the entrainment of Feitoria waters (São Sebastião do Caí municipality), Cadeia river also presented an increased contamination degree. The application of statistical randomization tests highlighted these same sites as significantly distinct from the others. Water contamination also showed association to flow variations, and a poorer water quality was observed during the dry period (January). The second component, in which Iron, Aluminum, and Suspended Solids were the relevant variables, was loaded with 15% of the total variance. It was linked to natural events, since higher factor scores in this component were obtained during a period of increased water discharge (October), which caused resuspension and entrainment of solid material to the rivers bed. As a final result of the study, sampling stations were classified according to the contamination degree, and graphically represented on a basin map, which synthesized the environmental diagnosis.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of a Coupled Model to Predict the Impact of Adaptive Behaviour in the Thermal Sensation of Occupants of Naturally Ventilated Buildings in Warm-Humid Regions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 255

Author(s):

Luciano C. de Faria ◽

Marcelo A. Romero ◽

Lúcia F. S. Pirró

Keyword(s):

Computational Models ◽

Thermal Sensation ◽

Coupled Model ◽

Adaptive Behaviour ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Clothing Insulation ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Naturally Ventilated Buildings ◽

Adaptive Behaviours ◽

The Impact

Improving indoor environment quality and making urban centres in tropical regions more sustainable has become a challenge for which computational models for the prediction of thermal sensation for naturally ventilated buildings (NVBs) have major role to play. This work performed analysis on thermal sensation for non-residential NVBs located in Brazilian tropical warm-humid climate and tested the effectiveness of suggested adaptive behaviours to mitigate warm thermal sensation. The research method utilized transient computational fluid dynamics models coupled with a dynamic model for human thermophysiology to predict thermal sensation. The calculated results were validated with comparison with benchmark values from questionnaires and from field measurements. The calculated results for dynamic thermal sensation (DTS) seven-point scale showed higher agreement with the thermal sensation vote than with the predicted mean vote. The test for the suggested adaptive behaviours considered reducing clothing insulation values from 0.18 to 0.32 clo (reducing DTS from 0.1 to 0.9), increasing the air speed in 0.9 m/s (reducing DTS from 0.1 to 0.9), and applying both suggestions together (reducing DTS from 0.1 to 1.3) for five scenarios with operative temperatures spanning 34.5–24.0 °C. Results quantified the tested adaptive behaviours’ efficiency showing applicability to improve thermal sensation from slightly-warm to neutral.

Download Full-text