scholarly journals Economic resilience in water supply service in rural Tajikistan: A case study from Oxfam

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-184
Author(s):  
Orkhan Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Abstract The water utilities established by the Tajikistan Water Supply and Sanitation (TajWSS) project, which is funded by Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and led by Oxfam in Tajikistan in collaboration with Government of Tajikistan focussed mainly on decentralization of drinking water services and ownership of the water supply assets by local governance bodies. However, owing to the increasing demand for water and pressures on water resources as a result of climatic variability, water utilities in rural areas are facing financial, operational and environmental challenges which prevent them from responding adequately. These challenges require highly resilient considerations in the design, construction and management of water supply and sanitation facilities and access to financial resources to overcome unforeseen risks. Oxfam's experience in Tajikistan shows that a community's socio-economic status and water utilities’ business operations were key factors for building the resilience of water and sanitation (WS) systems in rural areas. In this paper, the approach in building WS systems that are highly resilient to disasters or risks in rural areas is investigated along with how different factors such as demand and supply, institutional capacity, access to finance and community ownership affect the sustainability of WS services.

Gender mainstreaming in integrated rural water supply and sanitation project in Mzimba, Malawi

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. K. K. Mwamsamali ◽  
A. W. Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Gender mainstreaming in the water sector in Malawi was analyzed using the Mzimba Integrated Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (IRWSS) project as a case in point. Information required for the study was obtained through interviews, administering a set of questionnaires and data collecting from existing documents. The results show that women in decision-making positions at head office of the Ministry responsible for water affairs only constitute about 11.1%. Assessment of the budget allocations has revealed that previously no budgetary allocations were made for gender issues, and that since the 2006/07 fiscal year about US$14,286 was allocated for gender mainstreaming. Women's involvement in local governance institutions and project activities in Mzimba is generally high. Most local water committees have 60% women and 40% men, whereas participation in project activities is highly rated at 97.2%. To improve gender balance, the Ministry responsible for water has to work with stakeholders in the education sector. Besides, great disparities still exist between men's and women's participation in water projects at a local level (97.2% for women) and a person's socioeconomic position greatly affects their inclusion in the local governance structures. Addressing these issues would, therefore, result in better gender integration in the water sector.

Sanitation and State Planning

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-140
Author(s):  
Ruchi Shree
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
State Planning ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Welfare Measures ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Five-Year Plans help understand the policy and planning approach of the State to issues of water supply and sanitation in India. This chapter examines the policy focus on sanitation as reflected in various Five-Year Plans and analyses the changes that have taken place over the last six decades. At first, in urban areas, the focus is on slums whose demolition is seen as the only solution while in the later plans, there is a shift towards the creation of basic amenities. In rural areas, the Plans limit their focus to ‘problem villages’ and those suffering from endemic diseases. There is a progressive move towards decentralization, but important challenges persist in respect of how local bodies would raise the required economic resources. Towards the later Plan periods, a distinct market-based approach to water supply and sanitation emerges. Welfare measures are redesignated as economic imperatives and water is considered an economic asset.

scholarly journals Development of water supply and sanitation facility in the rural areas of Nepal: An overview

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 105-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiba Nath Prasain
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sanitation Facility ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

The PDF of this file is 3,049 kbytes in size and therefore will take a long time to download if you click on the PDF link below. If you would like the file to be sent to you by email, please send a request to [email protected]. Please include the citation below in your request. DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v8i0.1124Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.8 2003 p.105-127

scholarly journals BASIC SANITATION IN SMALL COMMUNITIES

Engevista ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Virginia Muniz Machado ◽  
Dario De A. Prata Filho ◽  
Ricardo Franklin P. Britto ◽  
Aline M. Naue ◽  
Carolina B. M. L. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Recent Government ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Improving the coverage of water supply and sanitation has positive impacts on economic, social and health conditions. In Brazil, the deficit in water supply and sanitation in urban areas has been reduced due to recent government investments, but are still insufficient for the service universalization. Deficiencies in water supply and sanitation are observerd in rural areas of Brazil because, historically, these areas have not received sufficient investment. This paper presents the alternatives adopted in rural communities in Brazil, with at least 2500 inhabitants, being those successful experiences that can be replicated. Research stages involved literature surveys, interviews with experts and with community representatives, and field trips. The interviews and field trips allowed the knowledge of local realities, of appropriate technical solutions, the uptake and levels of community awareness, the operational problems and the management systems frequently applied.

scholarly journals IMPLICATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ON RURAL WOMEN’S WELFARE: CASE OF UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 252-259
Author(s):  
Nodira Mannapovna Azizova ◽  
◽  
Lobarkhon Kadirjanovna Azizova
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Background. Lack of water supply and sanitation infrastructure in rural areas affects people’s health, welfare and living conditions, negatively impacts the rural environment, and can stall rural development and prosperity. Improving equitable and sustainable access to safe and improved water supply and sanitation in rural areas is therefore an important national development objective. This article presents to what extend the welfare level of the rural women in Uzbekistan correlates with socio-economic factors such as access to water supply and sanitation services in Uzbekistan. Methods. This article is based on comparative analysis of the gender aspects of welfare of rural women in Bukhara region. The gender aspects assessment of the water supply and sanitation sector identifies that rural women experience the unequal access to infrastructure in comparison with urban population and urban women. The utilizing of the concept of analysis based on identification of inequalities by going “beyond income, beyond averages and beyond today” demonstrates that there is no direct impact of the socio-economic factors on poverty rate of the family [1;6].

scholarly journals A study regarding the availability and utilization of water supply and sanitation practices in rural Amritsar, Punjab, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4232
Author(s):  
Ritika Bakshi ◽  
Tejbir Singh ◽  
Jasleen Kaur ◽  
Ankit Arora ◽  
Richa Verma
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Village ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Background: Access to safe water and sanitation practices is an important issue of health and development at local, regional and national levels. The government has come up with various facilities regarding the water supply and sanitation but there are various factors which curtail their utilization. The present study deals with the extent of utilization and factors impeding the utilization of such services at the village level.Methods: The present impeding cross-sectional study was carried out in village Nagkalan, Amritsar, where the eldest adult member present in the house at the time of the visit was interviewed. Every house of the village was visited during the period of January 2017 to December 2017, and a total of 1123 families were included in the final analysis. Thereafter, data was compiled and analyzed.Results: Out of total 1123 families, only 31.4% were using government water supply (tap water); while 42.7% had no government connection at all and used submersible as their sole source of water supply. 20.2% did not have a toilet at their house and therefore practiced open defecation; out of which majority families belonged to lower socio-economic status (statistically significant). Out of total 896 families having a toilet at their house, there were only 30 families (3.4%) who responded that some of the family members practice open defecation. Also, only 6.1% of the respondents were aware about the functions of Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee (VHSNC).Conclusions: More number of families (42.7%) were dependent on submersible pump as sole source of water supply. 20.2% lacked separate toilet facility, mostly belonging to lower socio- economic status. Only 6.1% were aware regarding the VHSNC. All the families disposed of their household waste on the roads.

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