scholarly journals Pressure management in water distribution systems in order to reduce energy consumption and background leakage

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Monsef ◽  
M. Naghashzadegan ◽  
R. Farmani ◽  
A. Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Background Leakage

scholarly journals The Optimization of Energy Recovery Device Sizes and Locations in Municipal Water Distribution Systems during Extended-Period Simulation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2447
Author(s):  
Gideon Johannes Bonthuys ◽  
Marco van Dijk ◽  
Giovanna Cavazzini
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
The Past

Excess pressure within water distribution systems not only increases the risk for water losses through leakages but provides the potential for harnessing excess energy through the installation of energy recovery devices, such as turbines or pump-as-turbines. The effect of pressure management on leakage reduction in a system has been well documented, and the potential for pressure management through energy recovery devices has seen a growth in popularity over the past decade. Over the past 2 years, the effect of energy recovery on leakage reduction has started to enter the conversation. With the theoretical potential known, researchers have started to focus on the location of energy recovery devices within water supply and distribution systems and the optimization thereof in terms of specific installation objectives. Due to the instrumental role that both the operating pressure and flow rate plays on both leakage and potential energy, daily variation and fluctuations of these parameters have great influence on the potential energy recovery and subsequent leakage reduction within a water distribution system. This paper presents an enhanced optimization procedure, which incorporates user-defined weighted importance of specific objectives and extended-period simulations into a genetic algorithm, to identify the optimum size and location of potential installations for energy recovery and leakage reduction. The proposed procedure proved to be effective in identifying more cost-effective and realistic solutions when compared to the procedure proposed in the literature.

A model to simulate leakage through joints in water distribution systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Covelli ◽  
Luca Cozzolino ◽  
Luigi Cimorelli ◽  
Renata Della Morte ◽  
Domenico Pianese
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Effect ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Background Leakage

The water loss is a phenomenon frequently observed within water distribution systems. A considerable part of water losses occurs either because of the incorrect assembly of joints or because of the fatigue and ageing of the material used to ensure a watertight seal. Moreover, such a leakage is very difficult to detect and to assess. In this work, we present a novel formulation for modelling the pressure effect on the background leakage through the joints. The proposed approach is based on the preliminary evaluation of the enlargement Δω, due to pressure, of the existing space between the outer side of the spigot end of a pipe and the inner wall of the hub end of the adjacent pipe (which is characterised by the area ωatm at atmospheric pressure). Furthermore, the whole procedure is based on the evaluation, by field data or calibration, of a parameter ξ representing the rate of enlarged area ω that, for several reasons, may be not covered by the gasket, ω being the value, at pressure p, of the area above defined.

scholarly journals Assessing variable speed pump efficiency in water distribution systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marchi ◽  
A. R. Simpson ◽  
N. Ertugrul
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping Rate

Abstract. Energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions are increasingly becoming important design targets in many industrial systems where fossil fuel based electrical energy is heavily utilised. In water distribution systems (WDSs) a significant portion of operational cost is related to pumping. Recent studies have considered variable speed pumps (VSPs) which aim to vary the operating point of the pump to match demand to pumping rate. Depending on the system characteristics, this approach can lead to considerable savings in operational costs. In particular, cost reductions can take advantage of the demand variability and can decrease energy consumption significantly. One of the issues in using variable speed pumping systems, however, is the total efficiency of the electric motor/pump arrangement under a given operating condition. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive discussion about the components of WDS that incorporate variable speed pumps (including electric motors, inverters and the pumps themselves) to provide an insight of ways of increasing the system efficiency and hence to reduce energy consumption. In addition, specific attention is given to selection of motor types, sizing, duty cycle of pump (ratio of on-time and time period), losses due to installation and motor faults. All these factors affect the efficiency of motor drive/pump system.

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