Effect of first flush on storage-reliability-yield of rainwater harvesting

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Doyle ◽  
Peter Shanahan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Equivalent System ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Domestic Water Supply ◽  
Supply Water

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) entails capture of rainwater falling on a roof and conveyance to a storage tank for later use as domestic water supply. During dry weather, dust and pollutants accumulate on the roof surface and are subsequently washed off with the ‘first flush’ at the beginning of the next rain. Diverting the first flush can improve the quality of stored water but at the cost of reducing the reliability with which the system can supply water. A storage-reliability-yield (SRY) analysis of RWH was completed for Bisate, Rwanda for a period of 20 years with a range of normalized storage volumes and yields. Reliability expressed as days per year on which demand was met was determined for alternative first-flush strategies and compared to the reliability of an otherwise equivalent system without first-flush diversion. Diversion of the first flush was found to reduce reliability by at most 8%. Analysis of three existing RWH systems in Bisate indicates that a recommended 1 mm first-flush diversion would reduce the number of days the system meets demand by no more than 7 days per year.

scholarly journals Optimum Matching Model Using Long-Term Computing on Safer Rural Domestic Water Supply Based on Rainwater Harvesting

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Zhao Jin ◽  
Lu-Wen Zhou ◽  
Kwong Lo
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Computation Method ◽  
Matching Model ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Domestic Water Supply

A safe rural domestic water supply project has been initiated based on different consumption uses. Long-term computation method and the water balance principle are used to analyze the yearly water demand. Water supply and demand balance is achieved through regulated planning of the rainwater collection surface area and water storage capacity. The best combination of collection area and storage capacity is then determined for various rainfall zones in order to satisfy safe domestic water needs. Ultimately, an optimum matching model is developed to utilize rainwater harvesting for providing safe domestic water in rural areas.

Rainwater harvesting in challenging environments: Towards institutional frameworks for sustainable domestic water supply

Waterlines ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Nijhof ◽  
Basja Jantowski ◽  
Robert Meerman ◽  
Ard Schoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
Domestic Water Supply

Status of domestic water supply and prospects of rainwater harvesting in Southeastern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Chidozie Charles Nnaji ◽  
George Chijioke Edeh ◽  
John Precious Nnam Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Domestic Water Supply

scholarly journals Assessment of rainwater harvesting for domestic water supply in palestinian rural areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 06012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidal Mahmoud ◽  
William Hogland ◽  
Michael Sokolov ◽  
Vasily Rud ◽  
Nikita Myazin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Domestic Water Supply

Rainwater harvesting in Palestine is a principal water resource that had been adopted since ancient times. However, the system had not been subjected to a thorough assessment. This paper aims at assessing the feasibility of rainwater harvesting for domestic water supply in Palestinian rural areas with special emphasis on socio-cultural and financial aspects as well as harvested water quality. Different methods were used to collect necessary data from a case study village, including literature review, observations, questionnaires and water quality measurement of freshly fallen and harvested rainwater samples. Moreover, domestic water demand and water supply from such a system were compared, and economic feasibility of applying this system was checked. The results revealed that harvested rainwater is a viable resource that can contribute considerably to minimizing water shortage.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Rainwater Harvesting System in terms of Water Quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Rahman ◽  
M. T. R. Khan ◽  
Shatirah Akib ◽  
Nazli Bin Che Din ◽  
S. K. Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Water

Water is considered an everlasting free source that can be acquired naturally. Demand for processed supply water is growing higher due to an increasing population. Sustainable use of water could maintain a balance between its demand and supply. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the most traditional and sustainable method, which could be easily used for potable and nonpotable purposes both in residential and commercial buildings. This could reduce the pressure on processed supply water which enhances the green living. This paper ensures the sustainability of this system through assessing several water-quality parameters of collected rainwater with respect to allowable limits. A number of parameters were included in the analysis: pH, fecal coliform, total coliform, total dissolved solids, turbidity, NH3–N, lead, BOD5, and so forth. The study reveals that the overall quality of water is quite satisfactory as per Bangladesh standards. RWH system offers sufficient amount of water and energy savings through lower consumption. Moreover, considering the cost for installation and maintenance expenses, the system is effective and economical.

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