Ecological and hygienic problems in the Arctic territories of intensive industrial activity (review)

The Goal. To analyze the literature on the impact of high latitude climate on human health, as well as consider some aspects of adaptation to Arctic conditions and nutritional issues for the population and shift workers.Methods. Review of the articles placed in the bibliographic and abstract databases of VINITI, CyberLeninka, RSCI, Scopus, WoS, on the study of environmental and hygienic problems in the Arctic territories, where intense industrial activity is carried out. The following keywords were used: Arctic territories, adaptation, watch, food.Results. Long-term fundamental research has established that a complex of unfavorable and extreme natural and climatic factors in the Arctic causes two main syndromes in humans – “polar tension” and “northern tissue hypoxia”. Adaptation of new settlers in the Arctic territories proceeds in three stages. The duration of the shift period must have a physiological and hygienic justification and correspond to the duration of the period of stable working capacity. In high latitudes, it is especially important to develop diets and food products for various groups of the population and shift workers in relation to the specifics of their work in the Arctic regionsConclusions. Among the main environmental and hygienic problems of the Arctic territories, where intense industrial activity is carried out, it is necessary to highlight the tasks of scientific substantiation of rational modes of work and rest of workers in rotational forms of work. Also it’s necessary to define the quantitative and qualitative composition of food rations recommended for nutrition of various groups of the population, in relation to the specifics of production factors.

THE ESSENCE OF ACCOUNTING PARADOXES

Accounting information serves as a primary source for the formation of financial statements, based on which further decisions are made. However, existing forms of financial reporting cannot fully meet the information needs of users. One of the reasons is the paradox of accounting information. Accounting paradoxes are a little-studied issue that requires proper coverage, first of all, the generation of theoretical and methodological framework, to better understand and optimize existing contradictions and controversial issues. The article describes the variety of methodological approaches to the scientific substantiation of the paradoxes of accounting information with their solutions and shortcomings. The paper highlights the economic essence of accounting paradoxes, their importance in the process of making effective management decisions, identifies the causes of formation, impact, and consequences of distortion of the information array in making rational management decisions. The role of the influence of accounting data paradoxes on the further activity of the enterprise is argued. The causal relationship between the possibility of distortion of accounting information at different stages of its formation depending on the object of accounting and its further transformation into management data is analyzed. As a result of the analysis of the outlined topic several solutions of problem questions are offered, namely: optimization of the accounting information, minimization of influence of paradoxes of the accounting information taking into account features of the account, expansion of the theoretical base.

DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR OBTAINING COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON THE USE OF OILSEED FLAX FIBERS

The article examines the ways to solve the problem of developing a scientific basis for obtaining composite materials of different functional purposes from oilseed flax fibers. The paper covers theoretical and experimental research in the area of processing flax raw materials. The purpose of the study is to provide scientific substantiation of developing the technologies for obtaining fillers to reinforce composite materials. In order to do it, we performed modification of oilseed flax fiber and developed technologies for processing oilseed flax straw with regulated technological and performance characteristics. The article also presents the results of the research on determining causes of low wettability of oilseed flax bast. In order to find out the causes of low bast wettability, we conducted research on examining chemical composition and anatomy of straw stems. The formulation for preparing the fiber aimed to be used as a filler for reinforcement of composite materials is offered. The study suggests evaluation of the quality of composite materials produced on the basis of using modified oilseed flax fibers.

ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR PHYSICAL PREPARATION AND SPORTS PERFORMANCE IN POWER LIFTERS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS OF HIGH QUALIFICATION

Systematic overload, which is a training characteristic of powerlifters with visual impairments of high qualification has a negative impact on the functioning of body systems and the course of the underlying and comorbidities. This determines the relevance of the scientific substantiation of training programs for athletes with visual impairments as the most important component of ensuring the achievement of sports results in powerlifting. This study aimed to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of the impact of various training programs on physical fitness and athletic performance of powerlifters with visual impairments of high qualification. To solve the goal we used methods of analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment and methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 16 visually impaired athletes who were members of the national powerlifting team. The pedagogical experiment was based on testing the effectiveness of two training programs, which differed in the parameters of the load components in the annual training and macrocycle periods. After the pedagogical experiment, the experimental group showed reliable indicators of growth on all tests and improvement of sports results, and athletes of the control group increased physical fitness in three tests out of five and sports results are available only in squat and bench press. In both groups, the highest growth rates in the level of development of physical qualities were found in tests aimed at determining the level of development of strength and flexibility. Comparing the results of the introduction of various training programs in the training process of powerlifters with visual impairments, we can conclude that the performance of the experimental group is much higher than among the powerlifters of the control group.

Coherence of Marketing Imperatives for Managing the Development of Socio-Economic Systems

At present, there is a reorientation of the current model of the market economy towards the principles of sustainable development. The process is accompanied by the implication of the marketing concept of managing socio-economic systems, the technology of which provides reasoning of the determined guidelines that must be adhered to. In this context, the coherence of marketing imperatives is a determinant of ensuring the development of socio-economic systems, whereas the marketing-imperative approach should be considered one of the levers of sustainable economic development. Therefore, the purpose of the study is a complex substantiation of the theoretical and methodological content of marketing imperatives, the interpretation of their coherent influence on the management of socio-economic systems. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated combination of general scientific methods of systematic cognition and possibilities of application of specific methodological approaches to solving problems and verification of the formulated study hypothesis; the methods include monographic, hypothetical prediction, abstract-logical, induction and deduction, historical and economic, structural-functional analysis, abstraction and content analysis, construction of concepts and categories, graphical and tabular. The study provides insights into the special features of the evolution of the etymological essence of the imperative in the context of transformations of socio-economic systems; the essence of marketing imperatives in view of marketing ideology is substantiated; the mechanism of transformation of objectives into imperatives in achieving the goal of socio-economic system is developed; the necessity of the implication of the marketing-imperative approach in sustainable economic development is proved. The practical value of the study consists in the scientific substantiation of the theoretical and methodological content of marketing imperatives, the specification of their coherent impact on the management of socio-economic systems. Further studies are aimed at developing criteria for measurement, assessment, and interpretation of the effect after the implementation of marketing imperatives with subsequent testing of results

INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF PROCESSING LIQUID WASTE OF UREA PRODUCTION USING A BIOFILTER

The kinetic regularities of the recycling process of liquid waste of urea on the combined filter which contains the immobilized layer of enzymes at the process of their purification from the suspended substances, dissolved nitrate anions; the effect of pH on the filtration process are investigated and established in our research. A stable positive result was obtained on the filters with layers of: – oak and birch, the concentration of nitrate anions decreased from 12 to 0,06 — 0,05 mg/dm3 after 80 minutes of filtration. The content of suspended solids decreased from 37 g/dm3 to 6 — 7 g/dm3. At the same time, the increased content of tannins and the natural structure of oak and birch leaves contributes to the resistance of the leaf layer to fermentation processes, helps to use such kind of filter repeatedly. – linden and maple leaves, the concentration of nitrate anions decreased from 12 mg/dm3 to 0,08 mg/dm3 after 80 minutes of filtration. The content of suspended solids decreased from 37 g/dm3 to 15 g/dm3 after the third use of the filter, due to increased activity of microorganisms. At the same time, the natural structure of linden and maple leaves is thin, has a biofilm that is easily destroyed and accelerates the process of natural aerobic fermentation. The scientific substantiation of the direction of improvement of technology of processing of liquid waste with the increased content of nitrogen is executed. A bio filtration unit on a combined filter with a layer of oak and birch leaves with the use of an immobilized layer of enzymes is proposed. The combined filter consists of a layer of gravel, sand and dry oak and/or birch leaves. The enzyme Chymotrypsin at a concentration of 0,005 g/dm3 is fed into the formed bio filter from above. After 30 minutes, liquid waste with a temperature of 10 25 °С is gradually fed into the filter over 60 — 80 minutes. The initial concentration of suspended particles in liquid waste should not exceed a concentration of 37 — 40 g/dm3. It is determined that the optimal rate of processing of liquid waste of urea production is achieved in solutions with active reaction of hydrogen ions in the range of 6,5—7,3.

Strategic directions of implementing a system of psychophysiological support of professional activity of military pilots

To date, the state aviation of Ukraine has an urgent problem of improving the existing system of medical support for flights by introducing measures of psychophysiological support for improving the professional health of military pilots, increasing the duration of their professional longevity and ensuring the safety of flights. That is why, the purpose of our research was to offer a list of strategic directions of scientific substantiation and development of a conceptual model of a system of measures for psychophysiological support of professional activities of military pilots based on an analysis of the problems of its implementation in the state aviation of Ukraine. For this, the methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, induction and deduction, complex and system analysis were used. As a result of the research, it was found that the strategy for introducing a system of measures for psychophysiological support of the professional activities of military pilots should be perceived as a process of improving the existing system of medical support for flights of state aviation in Ukraine on the basis of defining qualitatively new goals and objectives of its functioning, harmonizing internal capabilities with the conditions of the professional environment, development of a set of measures to improve its reliability and efficiency in the long term. From these points of view, the systematic approach to determining the strategic directions of implementation of the said system should be based on the complex of organizational, regulatory, information-analytical, personnel and technological problems. To solve them, it is necessary to conduct research on health assessment of different categories of military pilots, hygienic assessment of conditions and features of their professional activity, selection of a set of informative psychophysiological characteristics and methods of their evaluation, development of mechanisms and criteria for access to flights, regulatory, legal, personnel and organizational bases of functioning of system of measures of psychophysiological support of professional activity of military pilots.

The Future Biology Teachers Training for the Implementation of Sustainable Development Ideas in Ecological Education

The article presents the results of the experimental study targeted at the scientific substantiation and experimental verification of the methodology of the future biology teachers’ ecological competence development. It is grounded and proved that ecological education resulting in ecological competence is an integral part of education for sustainable development. In order to integrate sustainable development education into the future biology teachers’ training, the methodology for the ecological competence development has been suggested. The methodology involves the environmentalization of the educational content and the use of a modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment. A pedagogical experiment was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of the methodology of future biology teachers training for the implementation of sustainable development ideas in ecological education. Four hundred and twenty-seven students participated in the experimental study. Control and experimental groups of students were allocated for conducting the experiment. In experimental groups the author’s methodology was implemented. The experimental data were processed using mathematical statistics. As a result of the generalization of the results of the study, it was found that in the experimental groups, the percentage of students with high and medium levels of ecological competence increased, and with low levels – decreased compared to the control groups. This testifies to the effectiveness of the future biology teachers’ ecological competence development.

Destruction of coal seams during mining by dredging machines

The monograph is devoted to the issues of scientific substantiation of ways to improve the efficiency of the functioning of the executive bodies of coal mining machines used in the underground mining of coal seams, which are of great practical importance. The results of studies on the reliability of destructive organs are new in the formulation and not previously published in the monograph format. A model is described and a physical interpretation of the failure patterns of auger assemblies and elements is given, methods for assessing the reliability and efficiency of using augers and cutting tools for specific operating conditions using traditional probabilistic and new energy approaches are proposed. It is addressed to engineering and technical workers of design institutions, factories and mines engaged in the design and operation of cleaning combines and plows.

Osteopathy in the Cranial Field from a Systems Theory Perspective

A proposition is made for scientific substantiation of “Primary respiration” and related concepts, including suggestions for future research. For research and support, the field of mathematics, artificial intelligence, chaos theory and complex systems thinking can be of fundamental and essential value.