scholarly journals Modeling benzene permeation through drinking water high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 758-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Mao ◽  
Say Kee Ong ◽  
James A. Gaunt
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
High Density ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Constant Input ◽  
Hdpe Pipes

Organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and o-, m-, and p-xylene from contaminated soil and groundwater may permeate through thermoplastic pipes which are used for the conveyance of drinking water in water distribution systems. In this study, permeation parameters of benzene in 25 mm (1 inch) standard inside dimension ratio (SIDR) 9 high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes were estimated by fitting the measured data to a permeation model based on a combination of equilibrium partitioning and Fick's diffusion. For bulk concentrations between 6.0 and 67.5 mg/L in soil pore water, the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients of benzene were found to range from 2.0 × 10−9 to 2.8 × 10−9cm2/s while the solubility coefficient was determined to be 23.7. The simulated permeation curves of benzene for SIDR 9 and SIDR 7 series of HDPE pipes indicated that small diameter pipes were more vulnerable to permeation of benzene than large diameter pipes, and the breakthrough of benzene into the HDPE pipe was retarded and the corresponding permeation flux decreased with an increase of the pipe thickness. HDPE pipes exposed to an instantaneous plume exhibited distinguishable permeation characteristics from those exposed to a continuous source with a constant input. The properties of aquifer such as dispersion coefficients (DL) also influenced the permeation behavior of benzene through HDPE pipes.

scholarly journals Pemilihan Alternatif Jaringan Distribusi di Kelurahan Batununggal dan Mengger, Kecamatan Bandung Kidul, Kota Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
ALYES HAKASPENO HAKASPENO ◽  
RACHMAWATI S.DJ
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
High Density ◽  
Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
Planning Period ◽  
Ranking Technique

AbstrakKelurahan Batununggal dan Mengger merupakan daerah cakupan pelayanan PDAM Tirtawening, dengan jumlah penduduk pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 29.190 jiwa. Walaupun tingkat pelayanan jaringan distribusi air minum daerah tersebut sebesar 24%, tetapi pipa eksisting merupakan pipa asbes yang tua. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan perencanaan baru agar daerah tersebut dapat terlayani oleh jaringan PDAM dengan memanfaatkan sumber air dari IPA Cikalong. Periode perencanaan adalah 20 tahun, sampai dengan tahun 2039. Proyeksi total kebutuhan air rata-rata untuk tahun 2039 adalah sebesar 80,13 l/dtk. Perencanaan jaringan distribusi dilakukan dengan membuat 3 alternatif jaringan. Dari ketiga alternatif ini dipilih salah satu alternatif terbaik secara hidrolis dengan menggunakan metode Weight Ranking Technique (WRT). Analisis hidrolis dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Epanet 2.0, yang mengacu kepada kriteria sesuai dengan Permen PU No.18 Tahun 2007. Alternatif terpilih untuk wilayah perencanaan adalah alternatif ke-3, yaitu yang menggunakan pola gabungan (cabang dan loop). Dari hasil analisis hidrolis diperoleh sisa tekan, kecepatan aliran, dan headloss sebesar berturut-turut 15,89 m – 41,60 m,  0,33 m/dtk – 2,08 m/dtk dan  9,88 m/km. Pipa yang digunakan adalah jenis High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) SDR 17 PN 10. Kata Kunci: Air Minum, Analisis Hidrolis, Jaringan Distribusi.AbstractBatununggal and Mengger Sub-Districts are areas that meet the services of the Tirtawening PDAM, with a total population in 2016 of 29,190 people. Although the service level of the drinking water distribution network is 24%, the existing pipes are old asbestos pipes. Therefore, new planning needs to be done so that it can be served by PDAMs using sources from the Cikalong WTP. The planning period is 20 years, until 2039. The projected total average air demand for 2039 is 80.13 l / sec. Distribution network planning is done by making 3 alternative networks. From one of these alternatives Choose one of the best alternatives using the Weight Ranking Technique (WRT) method. Hydraulic analysis is carried out using the Epanet 2.0 application, which refers to criteria in accordance with Permen PU No.18 of 2007. The alternative chosen for regional planning is the 3rd alternative, which uses a pattern combination (branch and loop). From the results of the hydraulic analysis the remaining compressive pressures, flow velocity, and headloss were agreed at 15.89 m - 41.60 m, 0.33 m / sec - 2.08 m / sec and 9.88 m / km. The pipe used is the type of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) SDR 17 PN 10. Keywords: Drinking Water, Hydraulic Analysis, Distribution Networks.

The assessment of biofilm community composition on plumbing materials in filtered and unfiltered water distribution systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
M.M. Critchley ◽  
N.J. Cromar ◽  
H.J. Fallowfield
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Biofilms have been extensively characterised within drinking water distribution systems. However, the significance of materials on biofilm species diversity is not established. This study investigated the community composition of biofilms on plumbing materials receiving filtered and unfiltered water supplies. Biofilms were extracted from polybutylene, polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, unplasticised polyvinyl chloride and copper tubes in sampling rigs receiving Murray-Onkaparinga water before or after filtration. Biofilms were extracted and analysed for fatty acid composition using the FAME™ methodology. There were differences in the fatty acid profiles of biofilms and the respective water supplies, indicating differences in the attached and planktonic communities. The results also showed significant differences in the fatty acid profiles of biofilms on the polymer materials compared to copper, suggesting variations in biofilm populations on the different materials. The potential for materials to select for microbial populations has significant implications for the ecology of drinking water biofilms.

scholarly journals Identification of Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes From Bacteria Isolated From Selected Municipal Drinking Water Distribution Systems in Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s255-s255
Author(s):  
Ayodele T. Adesoji ◽  
Adeniyi A. Ogunjobi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria can lead to treatment failure, resulting in infectious diseases being transferred through nonpotable water. Aminoglycosides are an important class of antibiotics that are abused in Nigeria. Few studies have investigated aminoglycoside-modifying genes (AMGs) that are likely responsible for resistance in Nigeria bacteria isolates. Therefore, we aimed to characterize AMGs from isolates in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: Multidrug-resistant bacteria (n = 181) that had been previously characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and that were positive for resistance to at least 1 aminoglycoside antibiotic were selected from 6 treated and untreated water distribution systems. Strains were PCR genotyped for 3 AMGs: aph(3)c, ant(3)b and aph(6)-1dd. Results: Of 181 MDR bacteria tested, 69 (38.12%) were positive for at least 1 of the AMGs. The most common was ant(3)c (27.6%), followed by aph(3")c (18.23%). Both aph(3)c and ant(3")b were found in 7.73% of tested isolates, ant(3)b was most commonly found in Alcaligenes spp (50%). Furthermore, aph(3")c was most commonly detected in Proteus spp (50%). Other genera positive for AMGs included Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Bordetella, Brevundimonas, Chromobacterium, Klebsiella, Leucobacter, Morganella, Pantoae, Proteus, Providencia, Psychrobacter, and Serratia. Conclusions: High occurrence of ant(3)c and aph(3)c among these bacteria call for urgent attention among public health workers because these genes can be easily disseminated to consumers if present on mobile genetic elements like plasmids, integrons, and transposons.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Characterization of chemical composition and bacterial community of corrosion scales in different drinking water distribution systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Chun Hu ◽  
Lang Yin ◽  
Sujia Zhang ◽  
Lizhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Iron Release ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Biochemical Function ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Corrosion Scales

There is a relationship between biochemical function and chemical composition of corrosion scales, and Fe3O4formation reduced iron release.

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