scholarly journals Investigation of natural organic matter (NOM) character and its removal in a chlorinated and chloraminated system at Rand Water, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1287-1297
Author(s):  
S. S. Marais ◽  
E. J. Ncube ◽  
T. A. M. Msagati ◽  
B. B. Mamba ◽  
T. I. Nkambule
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Rain Season

In its natural environment, natural organic matter (NOM) is not problematic. However, during water treatment NOM does affect water quality specifically during the disinfection step, where if NOM is present it reacts with disinfectants resulting in the formation of disinfection by-products. To emphasize the importance of NOM monitoring during potable water treatment this study aimed to characterize NOM and evaluate NOM removal by a conventional water treatment plant considering seasonal trends. NOM was characterized by making use of NOM polarity and specific ultraviolet absorbance. NOM removal was monitored with high-performance size exclusion chromatography, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV254 analyses. The polarity rapid assessment method indicated that the hydrophobic and hydrophilic NOM fractions within the surface water increased during a period of heavy rain when floods occurred, but conversely decreased during an average rain season. Although NOM character showed variability during the 5-year study period, seasonal relationship during high and low flow seasons between aromatic NOM and total trihalomethane (TTHM) formation was not evident. Aromatic NOM was not the only precursor to TTHM formation, which stresses the need to implement advanced NOM characterization techniques during NOM monitoring to study reactivity of the individual NOM fraction with the disinfectant used at the water treatment plant.

Removal of natural organic matter at the Gunbower water treatment plant in northern Victoria, Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (20) ◽  
pp. 9061-9069
Author(s):  
Sanghyun Jeong ◽  
Tien Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran ◽  
Jaya Kandasamy ◽  
Dharma Dharmabalan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant

Analysis on the Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By-Products in Full-scale Advanced Water Treatment Plant and Conventional Water Treatment Plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (31-33) ◽  
pp. 6288-6298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jei-cheol Jeon ◽  
Chang-Hyun Jo ◽  
Ilhwan Choi ◽  
Soon-Buhm Kwon[a] Ennkyung Jang ◽  
Tae-Mun Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
By Products

Fate of Natural Organic Matter and Formation of Disinfection ByProducts in a Conventional Water Treatment Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (6) ◽  
pp. 2703-2718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha H. Abdelhalim ◽  
Emad H. Imam ◽  
Mohamed H. Nour
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts

Quantification of biodegradable natural organic matter (NOM) fractions and its impact on bacterial regrowth in a South African Water Treatment Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 101332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sifiso P. Sambo ◽  
Savia S. Marais ◽  
Titus A.M. Msagati ◽  
Bhekie B. Mamba ◽  
Thabo T.I. Nkambule
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
South African ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Bacterial Regrowth ◽  
South African Water

scholarly journals Investigating the fate of natural organic matter at a drinking water treatment plant in South Africa using optical spectroscopy and chemometric analysis

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
Welldone Moyo ◽  
Nhamo Chaukura ◽  
Machawe M Motsa ◽  
Titus AM Msagati ◽  
Bhekie B Mamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemometric Analysis ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Treatment Processes

The removal dynamics of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and natural organic matter (NOM) polarity fractions at a water treatment plant (WTP) in South Africa was studied using UV-Vis absorbance, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix, and two-dimensional synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS). This study gave insights into the transformation of NOM due to treatment processes. The objectives of the study were: (i) to use chemometric analysis and two-dimensional SFS correlations to investigate the evolution of NOM arising from treatment processes, and (ii) to access the chemical profile dynamics of polarity and BDOC fractions throughout the treatment train. The UV254 absorbance, which indicates aromaticity, reduced by 45%  along the WTP. Gaussian fitting of UV-Vis data showed a decreasing trend in intensity and number of bands along the treatment process. The removal efficiency of NOM components followed the order: humic-like (HL) > tyrosine-like (TYL) > fulvic-like (FL) > tryptophan-like (TPL) > microbial-like (MBL).  At the source, the relative distribution of the hydrophobic (HPO), hydrophilic (HPI), and transphilic (TPI) fractions was 45%, 31%, and 24%, respectively. The HPI was recalcitrant to treatment, and the TYL component of the HPI fraction was conjectured to be a disinfection byproduct limiting reagent. The HL and FL components of the BDOC fraction were the major substrates for bacterial growth. According to two-dimensional-SFS correlation, TYL, TPL, and MBL varied concurrently across the treatment stages. Used for the first time in South Africa, the robustness of a multi-dimensional approach of optical methods coupled with chemometric tools for the assessment of the fate of NOM along the treatment processes was revealed by this study.

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