scholarly journals Comprehensive water testing analyses for improved water management: coliforms, coliphage and cholesterol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leani Bothma ◽  
Lesego Molale–Tom ◽  
Chantel Swanepoel ◽  
Carlos Bezuidenhout ◽  
Rasheed Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
North West ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
The North ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

Abstract The use of feacal coliforms as indicators is the traditional approach of testing water quality. Unfortunately, for a comprehensive water quality analysis, there is an increasing body of evidence that demonstrates coliforms as insufficient indicators for water quality assessment. Therefore, during the last two decades, alternative water testing approaches such as the use of coliphage as well as cholesterol detection have gained popularity. In the present study, we evaluated and compared the reliability of data from three different indicators that included coliforms (streptococcus), coliphage and cholesterol. Four sites were chosen for sample collection and these included one site from Haart river (HR1) and three sites from Barberspan (BP1, 2 and 3) in the North-West province of South Africa. Samples were collected during winter and summer seasons. Collected samples were subjected to different analyses for detection of coliphage, coliforms and cholesterol. Faecal indicator bacteria were detected at all sites and in some cases were relatively high (HR1: 287 cfu/100 mL faecal coliform and 228.6 cfu/100 mL faecal streptococci; BP1: 1,730 cfu/100 mL E. coli). The HR1 site consistently had the highest levels of bacterial faecal indicators of the four sampling sites. Most notably, faecal streptococci were detected in higher numbers than any other bacterial indicator. A significant finding was the general higher levels of faecal indicator markers at the BP3. Based on the outcome of this study, a combination of these indicators offers a comprehensive and promising approach for monitoring water quality.

Water Quality Analysis in Wetlands Freshwater: Common Floodplain of Jijia-Prut Rivers

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Romanescu ◽  
Madalina Pascal ◽  
Alin Mihu Pintilie ◽  
Cristian Constantin Stoleriu ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

Water resources in the Jijia catchment basin are limited and often polluted. The catchment basin of Jijia is situated in northeastern Romania and it crosses the Moldavian Plain on the north-west-south-east direction. The purpose of the present study is to analyze 26 physico-chemical parameters providing the annual and multiannual water quality index. Two water-sampling points were selected: Jijia-Victoria [S.1] and Jijia-Opriseni [S.2]. The high values of nitrates are caused by the use of nitrogen-based chemical fertilizers and of manure. Contamination with nitrites (N-NO2-) and nitrates (N-NO3-) of wetlands and deepwater habitats in the floodplain of Jijia is still high because of agricultural and zootechnical activities. The phosphorus within freshwater habitats is a consequence of anthropogenic pressure: improper storage of animal waste and/or use of phosphates-based fertilizers. Global water quality index (WQi) shows that both monitoring stations are included in the Medium high class.

scholarly journals Building partnerships

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Richard Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Change ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Water Quality Issue

Water is generally plentiful in the United Kingdom; however, there is an emerging water quality issue driven by agricultural intensification. Poor land management over generations has contributed to the degradation of upland peat deposits leading to discolouration of potable water and the loss of valuable habitats. Employing agri-environmental schemes operated by the UK Government and private Capital One water company in the North West of England is achieving water quality gains as well as landscape, conservation and habitat benefit at the same time as supporting tenant farm incomes. We describe the pressures on the uplands and how innovative partnerships are achieving sustainable change.

scholarly journals Improving Water Quality Assessment through Anomaly Detection Using Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network Approach

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Quality Analysis

<p>Water being a precious commodity for every person around the world needs to be quality monitored continuously for ensuring safety whilst usage. The water data collected from sensors in water plants are used for water quality assessment. The anomaly present in the water data seriously affects the performance of water quality assessment. Hence it needs to be addressed. In this regard, water data collected from sensors have been subjected to various anomaly detection approaches guided by Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning framework. Standard machine learning algorithms have been used extensively in water quality analysis and these algorithms in general converge quickly. Considering the fact that manual feature selection has to be done for ML algorithms, Deep Learning (DL) algorithm is proposed which involve implicit feature learning. A hybrid model is formulated that takes advantage of both and presented it is data invariant too. This novel Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) approach is used to detect presence of anomalies in sensor collected water data. The experiment of the proposed CNN-ELM model is carried out using the publicly available dataset GECCO 2019. The findings proved that the model has improved the water quality assessment of the sensor water data collected by detecting the anomalies efficiently and achieves F1 score of 0.92. This model can be implemented in water quality assessment.</p>

Design Methods for the Development of Wastewater Land Disposal Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thoma ◽  
P. A. Baker ◽  
E. B. Allender
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
System Specification ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
North West ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System ◽  
Land Disposal

Recent changes in legislation governing water quality management of receiving water bodies have led to a reappraisal of wastewater land disposal techniques. However, more stringent regulations have also necessitated the development of a multi-disciplinary planning approach, to ensure that land based wastewater disposal is functionally and environmentally sustainable in the long-term. Of principal concern are the long term impact of nutrients, salt and other potential contaminants on the soils of the receiving site and on downstream water quality. Assessment of hydrological, soil physical and geological characteristics, together with civil construction and service considerations, assist in the determination of receiving-site selection, application area and balance storage volume, irrigation method, environmental monitoring system specification etc. Analysis and interpretation of wastewater and soil chemical characteristics determines the pre-application water treatment required, and aliows long-term monitoring of the effect of wastewater disposal on the receiving-site soils. Two case-studies are presented. One describes the planning and design of a recently commissioned land-disposal system using industrial wastewater from a chemical process plant to irrigate a Eucalypt plantation in western metropolitan Melbourne. The other reports on the on-going assessment and planning of a large-scale land-disposal system proposed to accommodate the treated sewage effluent from a large north-west Victorian regional city.

scholarly journals New England Watersheds: A Data Driven Portrait of Water Pollution in the North Eastern United States

Elements ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A Morales
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
New England ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Stream Chemistry ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Land Usage ◽  
The North

This paper examines the difference between a river that has had no human intervention and rivers with various amounts. huamn influence were evaluated through stream chemistry to determine each one’s overall water quality. water’s composition changes as it falls from the sky and flows over ground. This research makes use of the water chemistry data provided by the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest as well as from the New England Costal Basin National Water Quality Assessment. The data was used to compute monthly averages of ions such as Sodium, Chloride, Calcium and Magnesium. These averages were graphed and the trends analyzed. Data about each river’s drainage area, surrounding population density, and land usage lend insight to the reason for each river’s chemical composition. The study concluded that the land usage around a river has an effect on the chemical composition of the waters. The rivers surrounded by urban areas had significantly more total dissolved solids and high levels of dissolved sodium chloride, especially during the winter months. This is Evidence that anthropogenic effects controlled the stream chemistry.

Surface-water quality assessment of the North Fork Red River basin upstream from Lake Altus, Oklahoma, 2002

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jerrod Smith ◽  
M.L. Schneider ◽  
J.R. Masoner ◽  
R.L. Blazs
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Red River ◽  
The North ◽  
North Fork ◽  
Red River Basin

scholarly journals Macroinvertebrates community structure and water quality assessment in the North Canal River Basin, Beijing, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1444-1454
Author(s):  
GU Xiaoyun ◽  
◽  
XU Zongxue ◽  
WANG Mi ◽  
YIN Xuwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
The North ◽  
Beijing China
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