Design Methods for the Development of Wastewater Land Disposal Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thoma ◽  
P. A. Baker ◽  
E. B. Allender
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
System Specification ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
North West ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System ◽  
Land Disposal

Recent changes in legislation governing water quality management of receiving water bodies have led to a reappraisal of wastewater land disposal techniques. However, more stringent regulations have also necessitated the development of a multi-disciplinary planning approach, to ensure that land based wastewater disposal is functionally and environmentally sustainable in the long-term. Of principal concern are the long term impact of nutrients, salt and other potential contaminants on the soils of the receiving site and on downstream water quality. Assessment of hydrological, soil physical and geological characteristics, together with civil construction and service considerations, assist in the determination of receiving-site selection, application area and balance storage volume, irrigation method, environmental monitoring system specification etc. Analysis and interpretation of wastewater and soil chemical characteristics determines the pre-application water treatment required, and aliows long-term monitoring of the effect of wastewater disposal on the receiving-site soils. Two case-studies are presented. One describes the planning and design of a recently commissioned land-disposal system using industrial wastewater from a chemical process plant to irrigate a Eucalypt plantation in western metropolitan Melbourne. The other reports on the on-going assessment and planning of a large-scale land-disposal system proposed to accommodate the treated sewage effluent from a large north-west Victorian regional city.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY WASTEWATER FROM BROWN COAL PROCESSING ¬ A REMEDIATION CASE STUDY IN GERMANY

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Wiessner ◽  
Jochen A. Müller ◽  
Peter Kuschk ◽  
Uwe Kappelmeyer ◽  
Matthias Kästner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater ◽  
Term Monitoring

The large scale of the contamination by the former carbo-chemical industry in Germany requires new and often interdisciplinary approaches for performing an economically sustainable remediation. For example, a highly toxic and dark-colored phenolic wastewater from a lignite pyrolysis factory was filled into a former open-cast pit, forming a large wastewater disposal pond. This caused an extensive environmental pollution, calling for an ecologically and economically acceptable strategy for remediation. Laboratory-scale investigations and pilot-scale tests were carried out. The result was the development of a strategy for an implementation of full-scale enhanced in situ natural attenuation on the basis of separate habitats in a meromictic pond. Long-term monitoring of the chemical and biological dynamics of the pond demonstrates the metamorphosis of a former highly polluted industrial waste deposition into a nature-integrated ecosystem with reduced danger for the environment, and confirmed the strategy for the chosen remediation management.

scholarly journals Application of multivariate statistical techniques in the water quality assessment of Danube river, Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Voza ◽  
Milovan Vukovic ◽  
Ljiljana Takic ◽  
Djordje Nikolic ◽  
Ivana Mladenovic-Ranisavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Political Issue

AbstractThe aim of this article is to evaluate the quality of the Danube River in its course through Serbia as well as to demonstrate the possibilities for using three statistical methods: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) in the surface water quality management. Given that the Danube is an important trans-boundary river, thorough water quality monitoring by sampling at different distances during shorter and longer periods of time is not only ecological, but also a political issue. Monitoring was carried out at monthly intervals from January to December 2011, at 17 sampling sites. The obtained data set was treated by multivariate techniques in order, firstly, to identify the similarities and differences between sampling periods and locations, secondly, to recognize variables that affect the temporal and spatial water quality changes and thirdly, to present the anthropogenic impact on water quality parameters.

scholarly journals Chemical pollution imposes limitations to the ecological status of European surface waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Posthuma ◽  
Michiel C. Zijp ◽  
Dick De Zwart ◽  
Dik Van de Meent ◽  
Lidija Globevnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Applied Ecology ◽  
Good Ecological Status

Abstract Aquatic ecosystems are affected by man-made pressures, often causing combined impacts. The analysis of the impacts of chemical pollution is however commonly separate from that of other pressures and their impacts. This evolved from differences in the data available for applied ecology vis-à-vis applied ecotoxicology, which are field gradients and laboratory toxicity tests, respectively. With this study, we demonstrate that the current approach of chemical impact assessment, consisting of comparing measured concentrations to protective environmental quality standards for individual chemicals, is not optimal. In reply, and preparing for a method that would enable the comprehensive assessment and management of water quality pressures, we evaluate various quantitative chemical pollution pressure metrics for mixtures of chemicals in a case study with 24 priority substances of Europe-wide concern. We demonstrate why current methods are sub-optimal for water quality management prioritization and that chemical pollution currently imposes limitations to the ecological status of European surface waters. We discuss why management efforts may currently fail to restore a good ecological status, given that to date only 0.2% of the compounds in trade are considered in European water quality assessment and management.

Methodology for Reliable Assessment of the Water Quality. II. General Probabilistic Nature of Water Composition Standardization and Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
V.I. Danilov-Danilyan ◽  
O.M. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Loss Functions ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Industrial Water Use ◽  
Probabilistic Nature ◽  
Oriented Approach

The article continues a series of works devoted to two closely related aspects of water quality management in natural objects and water utilization – ensuring the reliability of water quality assessment and optimizing of its standardization. It was shown that the risks of false conclusions equally arise both when setting a standard – the maximum permissible concentration of pollutants in a water body, and when monitoring compliance with established requirements. It was demonstrated on specific examples that in both cases, depending on the method of the research error registration, opposite conclusions concerning the water quality can be obtained. To obtain scientifically based results, a risk-oriented approach, as well as the statistical methods that use loss functions in various modifications are required. A solution to the problem of assessing the reliability of determining the water quality class on the example of a typical challenge of industrial water use was provided, recommendations on the arbitration method in connection with the assessment of the correctness of the water attributing to restrictive standards were also proposed.

scholarly journals Impact of network sectorisation on water quality management

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooman Armand ◽  
Ivan Stoianov ◽  
Nigel Graham
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydraulic Variables

Abstract The sectorisation of water supply networks (WSNs) includes the permanent closure of valves in order to achieve a cost-effective leakage management and simplify pressure control. The impact of networks sectorisation, also known as district metered areas (DMAs), on water quality and discolouration has not been extensively studied and it remains unknown. In addition, hydraulic variables used in the literature for assessing the likelihood of potential discolouration are limited and inconclusive. This paper investigates a methodology to evaluate the impact of networks sectorisation (DMAs) on water quality and the likelihood of discolouration incidents. The methodology utilises a set of surrogate hydraulic variables and an analysis of the hydraulic condition in pipes with historic discolouration complaints. The proposed methodology has been applied to a large-scale WSN, with and without sectors, in order to assess the potential impact of DMAs on water quality. The results demonstrate that the sectorisation of WSN (DMAs) could compromise the overall water quality and increase the likelihood of discolouration incidents. The results of this study and the proposed surrogate hydraulic variables facilitate the formulation of optimisation problems for the re-design and control of WSNs with sectorised topologies.

Taxonomy, ultrastructure, and distribution of some gomphonemoid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) from rivers in the United States

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Kociolek ◽  
J C Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
North American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
National Water

Using the continental-scale collections of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, we examined selected members of the family Gomphonemataceae to expand the current state of knowledge of diatom taxonomy, morphology, and distribution. Ten taxa in the genera Gomphonema, Gomphoneis, and Gomphosphenia are examined. The taxonomic status of two taxa is revised, and one new species is described. Two new features are described for the genus Gomphonema: slit-like areolae and ridge-like flaps or flanges on pseudosepta. Many North American gomphonemoid species appear to be restricted to certain geographic regions; the differences between western and eastern North America are striking. Trained analysts have had difficulty identifying and discriminating many of these taxa. We believe that this difficulty, in large part, results from our poor knowledge of the North American flora. Large-scale monitoring programs such as NAWQA, when teamed up with research organizations with common interests, hold great promise to expand our knowledge of the biodiversity of North American ecosystems.Key words: biogeography, Gomphoneis, Gomphonema, Gomphosphenia, National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, taxonomy; ultrastructure.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC SURFACE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
N.O. Popovyan ◽  
◽  
A.B. Usov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Reverse Situation

The article examines the interaction of subjects of a two-level hierarchical system. An industrial enterprise discharges wastewater into the river as a result of its work. To prevent the ingress of a large amount of pollutants, water treatment facilities have been installed, the operation of which is regulated by the level of technical support. The state allocates funds to support the activities of the enterprise and regulates the standards for the discharge of pollutants. The interests of both subjects are to maximize their target functional. The article is devoted to the problem of finding optimal control in a mathematical model of water quality management in a dynamic system. Examples of calculations for specific parameters are given. Based on the examples given, we can draw conclusions about the influence of parameters on the system. The type of the emitted substance has the greatest influence on the system, namely the values of such parameters as the initial concentration and the coefficient of non-conservativeness. With long-term interaction, the speed of self-cleaning of the river plays a significant role. At a low level of self-purification of the river, the concentration of substances in the river almost reaches the maximum permissible level. The deterioration of the environmental situation leads to losses on the part of the Host. The reverse situation allows us to continue cooperation in the future, while receiving a greater gain. Also, the winnings of the subjects significantly depend on the volume of investments.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Water Quality Assessment for Rivers in Metropolitan Areas Using Multivariate Statistics and Water Quality Indices: A Case Study of the Geumho River, Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Dae Jo ◽  
Jung Min Kim ◽  
Seong Min Kim ◽  
Heon Gak Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Industrial Complexes

Abstract The Geumho River in South Korea passes through a metropolitan area with a high population density and multiple industrial complexes and, therefore, the water quality of this river is of significance for human health and economic activities. This study aims to assess the water quality of the Geumho River to inform river water quality management and improve pollution control using multivariate statistics and the Korean Water Quality Index (KWQI). Principal component and factor analysis identified those factors related to organic pollutants and metabolism (principal factor 1), and phosphorus and fecal coliform content (principal factor 2). In a cluster analysis, time was considered by distinguishing between seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and space was considered based on upstream (US), midstream (MS), and downstream (DS) river sections. Seven temporal variables and six spatial variables were extracted from the discriminant analysis (DA) results; the most important water quality variables were high during the spring and summer seasons and in the MS and DS regions. Temporally, the KWQI was highest in winter (70.9) and lowest in spring (59.2), whereas spatially, KWQI values were highest in the US (67.5) and lowest in the MS (56.4) sections. These results indicate that to be most effective, water management interventions in the Geumho River should focus on the urban midstream section and spring seasons.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Far-Eastern Seas and North-West Pacific by integral characteristics of pelagic and benthic trawled macrofaun

2014 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Igor V. Volvenko
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
North West ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Integral Characteristics ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Far Eastern Seas ◽  
The Bering Sea

The Bering Sea, ​​Okhotsk Sea, Japan/East Sea and adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean (mainly within EEZ of Russia) are compared by abundance of pelagic and benthic macrofauna, its species richness, evenness, diversity, and mean weight of animals using the data of long-term large-scale pelagic and bottom trawl surveys conducted by Pacific Fish. Res. Center (TINRO) in 1977-2010.

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