scholarly journals Long-term evaluation of soil salinization risks under different climate change scenarios in a semi-arid region of Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabri Kanzari ◽  
Rim Jaziri ◽  
Khouloud Ben Ali ◽  
Issam Daghari
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract The project ‘research and training on irrigation with saline water in Tunisia’ (UNESCO, 1970) was set up to specify Tunisian standards for the use of saline water and to mitigate their effects on crop yields. The objective of this study is to assess the risk of long-term soil salinization by considering the agricultural practices mentioned in the project for the ‘water quality’ experiment in the semi-arid region Cherfech (Tunisia). Hydrus-1D model was used to simulate the movement of water and the transfer of salts. Soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters were estimated using inverse modeling. Calibration and validation of the model was made for the water and salt profiles carried out with four irrigation qualities QA, QB, QC and QD. Four scenarios over 50 years were studied: (i) S1 with rainfall (400 mm) only; (ii) S2 with rainfall and irrigations (1,400 mm); (iii) S3 with a 2 °C increase in temperature; (iv) S4 with the addition of 100 mm·d−1 of rainfall. The four scenarios highlighted the high risk of soil salinization, especially for the QB, QC and QD qualities after 20 years of irrigation and the deep dynamics of water and salts beyond the root zone which increases the risk of groundwater salinization.

scholarly journals Yield of prickly pear cactus irrigated with saline water in soils of the semi-arid region

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Washington Benevenuto de Lima ◽  
◽  
Jucilene Silva Araújo ◽  
Lúcia Helena Garófalo Chaves ◽  
Múcio Freire Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Prickly Pear Cactus ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Pear Cactus ◽  
Semi Arid

Knowing the tolerance of plants grown in the Brazilian semi-arid region to salt stress is of paramount importance for the sustainability of regional agriculture. This study was developed to examine the growth and yield of prickly pear cactus ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (Opuntia stricta Haw) irrigated with increasing water salinity levels (0.75, 3.0, 5.25 and 7.50 dS m-1 to 25 ºC) and grown on soils representative of the Brazilian semi-arid region (chromic Luvisol, Solonetz and Fluvisol). Total fresh weight decreased linearly, with a 21.42% reduction when we compare the average fresh weight per plant in the lowest and highest saline level treatments. The chromic Luvisol and Solonetz soils showed the best fresh weight and dry matter yields under the present experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Water and nitrogen water use efficiency in forage palm irrigated with salt water in the Neossolo

2020 ◽  
pp. 683-690
Author(s):  
Patrícia Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Rigoberto Moreira de Matos ◽  
José Dantas Neto ◽  
Vitória Ediclécia Borges ◽  
Thiago Galvão Sobrinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The objectives were to analyze the water and nitrogen use efficiency by forage palm in different irrigation depths with saline water and nitrogen fertilization levels in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted under field condition during one year of cultivation (360 days). The experimental design was a complete randomized block and 5 x 5 factorial scheme with five irrigation depths (125, 100, 75, and 25% of ET0) and five levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1 of N) and three replicates. Irrigation and acceptable nitrogen fertilization resulted in a good water and fertilization management. Water and nitrogen use efficiency of forage palm were higher, when water depths and the nitrogen levels supplied to the soil were increased. The 125% ET0 depth showed a higher efficiency of water and nitrogen use in the forage palm during 360 days of study. In conditions of low nitrogen supply, the efficiency of nitrogen use is directly and indirectly associated with the fresh mass yield; while under high supply, the efficiency of the use of nitrogen is more effective. The use of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in the semi-arid region is recommended to obtain higher productivity of water and nitrogen from the forage palm.

Long-term (2008–2017) analysis of atmospheric composite aerosol and black carbon radiative forcing over a semi-arid region in southern India: Model results and ground measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 117840
Author(s):  
Raja Obul Reddy Kalluri ◽  
Balakrishnaiah Gugamsetty ◽  
Rama Gopal Kotalo ◽  
Lokeswara Reddy Thotli ◽  
Chakradhar Rao Tandule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Ground Measurement ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Analysis of long-term trends in air and soil temperature in a semi-arid region in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Shirvani ◽  
Farzad Moradi-Choghamarani ◽  
Shahrokh Zand-Parsa ◽  
Ali Akbar Moosavi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Variations in Soil CO2 Concentrations and Isotopic Values in a Semi-Arid Region Due to Biotic and Abiotic Processes in the Unsaturated Zone

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 932-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Carmi ◽  
D Yakir ◽  
Y Yechieli ◽  
J Kronfeld ◽  
M Stiller
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Gas ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Measured Profile ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

A study of CO2 in soil gas was conducted in a bare plot in the unsaturated zone (USZ) of Yatir Forest, northern Negev, Israel. In 2006, 6 tubes for sampling of soil gas were inserted into the USZ to depths of 30, 60, 90, 120, 200, and 240 cm. Profiles of soil gas in the USZ were collected from the tubes 5 times between October 2007 and September 2008. Measurements of the collected profiles of soil gas were of CO2 (ppm), δ13C (′), and Δ14C (′). At all times, the concentration of CO2 in the soil gas was higher than in the air at the surface (CO2 ≃ 400 ppm; δ13C ≃ −9′). The main source of the CO2 in soil gas is from biotic activity released through roots of trees and of seasonal plants close to the surface. In the winter, the CO2 concentrations were lowest (6000 ppm) and the δ13C was −20′. In the spring and through the summer, the CO2 concentration increased. It was estimated that the major source of CO2 is at ≃240 cm depth (δ13C ≃ −22′; CO2 ≃ 9000 ppm) or below. Above this level, the concentrations decrease and the δ13C (′) become more positive. The 14C values in the measured profile are all less than atmospheric and biotic 14C. It was deduced that biotic CO2 dissolves in porewater to form carbonic acid, which then dissolves secondary carbonate (δ13C ≃ −8′; 14C ≃ −900′) from the sediments of the USZ. With the 14C data, the subsequent release of CO2 into the soil gas was then estimated. The 14C data, supported by the 13C and CO2 data, also indicate a biotic source at the root zone, at about 90 cm depth.

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