Fluidized Bed Technology in the Anaerobic Treatment of Forest Industry Wastewaters

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Salkinoja-Salonen ◽  
R Hakulinen ◽  
L Silakoski ◽  
J Apajalahti ◽  
V Backström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping ◽  
Mill Waste

The reasons for studying anaerobic fluidised bed technology for the treatment of forest industry wastewaters are twofold: the very large volume enforcing hydraulic loading beyond the limits tolerated by conventional anaerobic techniques and the low nutrient need compared with aerobic methods. In this paper we describe the results obtained for four different pulp mill waste streams: sulfite bleaching and evaporator condensate wastewaters , wastewater from displacement bleaching of kraft pulp and from thermomechanical pulping. We found that all four could be purified anaerobically within a hydraulic detention time of ≤12h and with a treatment efficiency of 3 to 4 kg of CODCr removed m−3 d−1. 80 to 90% of the CODCr of the thermomechanical pulp mill wastewater and evaporator condensate could be removed during anaerobic treatment, yielding ≥0.5m3 of biogas kg−1 CODCr removed. The bleaching wastewaters needed aerobic post-treatment and yielded little or no biogas.

The Effects of Final Treated Effluent and In-Mill Waste Streams from a Canadian Thermomechanical Pulp and Paper Mill on Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) Reproduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thijs Bosker ◽  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Kelly R. Munkittrick ◽  
Steven D. Melvin ◽  
Deborah L. MacLatchy
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Gonad Size ◽  
Mill Waste

Abstract The effect on fish reproduction of final treated effluent from a thermomechanical pulp mill in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, was studied using mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an endemic fish species of the Atlantic coast of North America. A 1997 artificial stream study at the same mill showed a reduction in gonad sizes in mummichog after a 28-day exposure to 3% final treated effluent. In 2005, we reevaluated final treated effluent, and conducted a toxicity source evaluation to identity waste stream sources within the mill that may cause reproductive effects. Relative to reference, no significant differences in gonad size, plasma levels of gonadal sex steroids, egg production, or stage of egg development were observed in fish exposed to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% final treated effluent or in-mill waste streams. Unlike the previous study in 1997, these data indicate a low potential for an effect of final effluent on fish reproduction. Since the 1997 study there were no major process changes that could explain the differences in the results. However, there was high variability in gonad size, egg production, and endocrine endpoints measured in the more recent test, which resulted in low power to detect differences. This has prompted research to refine the current reproductive test by optimizing study design.

Future Perspectives for the Anaerobic Treatment of Forest Industry Wastewaters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lettinga ◽  
J. A. Field ◽  
R. Sierra-Alvarez ◽  
J. B. van Lier ◽  
J. Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Paper Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Paper Mill Waste ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Pollution Loads

Anaerobic treatment systems have been successfully applied over the last decade for combating wastewater pollution loads in the forest industry. However, anaerobic treatment of certain paper mill waste streams is limited by the presence of toxic and recalcitrant organic compounds, high concentrations of sulfur and in some cases high wastewater temperatures. Nonetheless, the future perspectives for the anaerobic treatment of difficult forest industry wastewaters are encouraging. This paper discusses a variety of measures available to anaerobic treatment technologies for dealing with the aforementioned limitations.

NMR Study of Kraft Pulp Mill Waste and Natural Humic Substances

1988 ◽  
pp. 344-346
Author(s):  
L. Virkki ◽  
J. Knuutinen ◽  
P. Mannila ◽  
J. Paasivirta
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Mill Waste

The closure of water circuits by internal thermophilic (55 and 70°C) anaerobic treatment in the thermomechanical pulping process

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun J. Jahren ◽  
Jukka A. Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Water System ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors

The suitability of an internal thermophilic anaerobic treatment system for closing the water circuits in thermomechanical pulp (TMP) production was studied. The dissolution of wood organics in the water circuit was simulated by hot disintegration of TMP pulp, while the water system closure was simulated by repeated hot disintegration of TMP pulp with recirculated water. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were started at 55 and 70°C with mesophilic inoculum, and stable performances were established within 60 days at both temperatures. Closing the water circuits without internal treatment rapidly resulted in increased chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the recirculated water. In the closed, internally treated water circuits, the UASB reactors removed all the COD and ultraviolet absorbance at 280 nm (UV280; estimation for lignin content) dissolved in the recirculated water during the hot disintegration of the TMP pulp (carbohydrates were not dissolved). The results of this study suggest that thermophilic anaerobic treatment could be feasible at least as a part of an internal purification system to close the water circuit in the TMP process.

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