Ten Years of Operation of Rio De Janeiro'S Ipanema Submarine Outfall

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Britto ◽  
E. P. Jordão ◽  
J. Semeraro ◽  
W. M. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Uses

Monitoring and surveys of the Ipanema Submarine Outfall of the city of Rio de Janeiro have been practiced during the 10 years of the outfall operation. The outfall is a 2.4m diameter prestressed concrete pipeline, 4.3 km long, extending 3.3 km seaward to a depth of 27m. It discharges presently 6 m3/s average raw sewage flow, through a 450m long diffuser. A planned survey program was established in order to verify pipe conditions through periodical deep sea inspection, monitored by radio and video recording; this paper discusses the preventive and corrective maintenance of the outfall, especially the failures that occurred in 5 accidents. It discusses also the water quality monitoring program established one year before the outfall began its operation in 1975. A program had been prepared which established beneficial water uses, water quality standards required for protection of the uses,and a monitoring system which provides the input data for verifying compliance with the standards. Pre-discharge studies were conducted for one year prior to operation, to provide background data on the various parameters, and over 70 000 analyses were made during the 10 years of the outfall operation. This paper evaluates the results of grease, coliforms, and hydrobiological indicators, as the most representative parameters of water quality in the sea. It shows that a marked improvement has occurred in the water quality. It also shows that the beaches receive a great amount of pollution through the canals of Visconde de Albuquerque Avenue and Jardim de Alá (Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon), due to sewage overflows from the sewer network and the storm-water networks. The importance of giving special attention to the sewer network in systems involving submarine outfalls is stressed.

scholarly journals Assessing the occurrence of cyanotoxins in two urban reservoirs through a community science monitoring program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emily C. Kinzinger
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
School Students ◽  
One Year ◽  
Community Science

Cyanobacterial blooms are an ongoing threat to aquatic systems worldwide. These potentially toxic blooms have typically been observed in summer to early fall, but there are increasing reports of blooms in colder seasons. From the few studies available, weknow that blooms can produce toxins in the winter. The objective of this research was to assess the year-round presence, concentration, and environmental drivers of the cyanotoxins microcystin and cylindrospermopsin in two reservoirs located in Columbia, Missouri, USA. To fulfill this objective, I coordinated and managed the Reservoir Observer Student Scientists (ROSS) program. This community science initiative combined educating high school students about limnology and cyanobacterial blooms with training students hands-on to collect weekly water quality samples. Data for this project was collected over two years in Bethel Lake and one year in Stephens Lake. We found detectable concentrations of the cyanotoxins year-round. There was no relationship between microcystin nor cylindrospermopsin and chlorophyll-a in either reservoir. Presence and concentration of microcystin and cylindrospermopsin were related to physical water quality parameters in Bethel Lake. This study provides evidence for the necessity of year-round water quality monitoring.

scholarly journals Macroalgal Bioindicators of Recovery from Eutrophication in a Tidal Lagoon Following Wastewater Diversion and Earthquake Disturbance

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neill Barr ◽  
John Zeldis ◽  
Kristin Scheuer ◽  
David Schiel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Macroalgal Biomass ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Wastewater Infrastructure ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Large Earthquakes

AbstractTogether, macroalgal tissue biochemical nitrogen indices (N-indices) and macroalgal abundance can be used as bioindicators of N-enrichment in estuaries. In this study, we examine the extent and rates of response of Ulva bioindicators during rapid N-enrichment perturbations in the eutrophic Avon-Heathcote Estuary (AHE) (Christchurch, New Zealand). With the diversion of the city’s wastewater discharge away from the estuary in March 2010, a ~ 90% reduction in the estuary’s N-concentration was expected. In turn, this was expected to reduce macroalgal biomass and improve the overall trophic condition of the estuary. We surveyed Ulva bioindicators over a five-year period spanning the diversion. There was a rapid (within one year) transition away from eutrophic condition reflected in N-indices (tissue-chlorophyll, -free amino acids, -N and -δ15N) following wastewater diversion, towards values corresponding with ‘cleaner’ water quality. This was accompanied by large reductions in Ulva percent cover, based on seasonal surveys conducted from 2001 to 2014. However, two large earthquakes in February and June 2011 caused a breakdown of the city’s wastewater infrastructure, resulting in overflows of untreated sewage into the estuary between February and November 2011. The re-enrichment of N and changes in N-sources (treated versus untreated sewage) were rapidly reflected in Ulva bioindicators, notably δ15N. Following repair of infrastructure, Ulva bioindicators again reverted towards a less eutrophic state. Overall, bioindicators were sensitive to changes in N-availability and N-source, and useful for identifying the position of algal populations on a eutrophic-to-oligotrophic gradient. These attributes demonstrated their utility as adjuncts to water quality monitoring and algal biomass surveys.

Developing an environmental water quality monitoring program for Haraz River in Northern Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Tavakol ◽  
Reza Arjmandi ◽  
Mansoureh Shayeghi ◽  
Seyed Masoud Monavari ◽  
Abdolreza Karbassi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Haraz River

Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Titiwangsa Lake Water Quality Using Chemometrics Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Hafizan Juahir ◽  
Adiana Ghazali ◽  
Azimah Ismail ◽  
Mahadzirah Mohamad ◽  
Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Time Period

Titiwangsa Lake is a renowned recreational lake in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The present study was purposely to define the current status of Titiwangsa Lake water quality and propose a water quality monitoring program to conserve and sustain the health of this lake. Samples were collected in January 2017 during the day and night-time periods. Spatial classification using hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) has clustered the sampling stations into low, medium and high contaminated areas. Temporal classification of discriminant analysis (DA) forward stepwise mode has highlighted DO, chlorophyll-a and E-coli are the significant variables. They showed a lower range of data during the day-time period compared to night-time period. DA backward stepwise model showed  significant variables of total suspended solid (TSS) and total phosphate (TP) were higher in concentration during the day-time period as compared to night-time period. The significant of varimax factors (VFs) in the principal component analysis (PCA) might contribute by the landscaping, small-scale domestic wastewater, urban stormwater and land erosion. In a nutshell, based on HACA classification, samples can be collected at only three stations represent each cluster during the next water quality monitoring activities as this could reduce the time and cost of sampling and sample analysis. 

Determining the Statistical Sensitivity of the Water Quality Monitoring Program in the Taylor – Nubbin Slough, Florida Project

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Spooner ◽  
Sarah L. Brichford ◽  
Richard P. Maas ◽  
Michael D. Smolen ◽  
David A. Dickey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring

scholarly journals Historical Water Supply System of the City of Brno—Social-Environmental Consequences

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3550
Author(s):  
David Honek ◽  
Milena Forejtníková ◽  
Miloš Rozkošný ◽  
Aleš Vyskočil
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
The City

This paper provides a detailed look into the historical development of the water supply system of a big industrial city and its impact on the river environment and needs of the wastewater treatment system. The city of Brno, Czech Republic, was chosen for this study because it has a long history in the field of water supply, and the city has changed rapidly over the last 200 years. The city’s development necessitated an adaptation of drinking water sources, most significantly the use of the Březová nad Svitavou facility, which resulted in a change of condition of the Svitava River. The notable decrease in river flow, aided by industrial development of settlements within the Svitava River catchment between 1850 and 1950, strongly contributed to the spread of river pollution. However, the construction of wastewater treatment plants during recent decades led to a restoration of river quality and, consequently, of the entire environment of the Svitava River catchment. This paper also presents a view on activities connected with the long term surface water quality monitoring and improvement with regard to water quality conditions in spring areas and the river network influenced by the water supply system.

scholarly journals Monitoring Water Quality Parameters of Khirisan River in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Yaser Ibrahim Jasem ◽  
Qassem H. Jalut ◽  
Salah N. Farhan ◽  
Muataz H. Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Feeding Area

In this work, a set of physical, chemical and biological parameters were analysed for Khirisan river from the period extending from December 2017up to November 2018. The samples were selected from three different sites, agricultural, commercial and residential area to assess the water quality of the river for drinking and irrigation purposes. The study showed that a number of diversity factors were recognized which have a direct effect on the quality of Khirisan river. This includes the catchment feeding area of the river, untreated domestic sewage from the restaurants, cafeterias and government buildings which are adjacent to the river. Water quality of Khirisan river, according to the Iraqi and international standards, satisfies the limits of the rules of the drinking purposes for all studied parameters except the values of calcium ions and total hardness value for some rainy months as well as to organic load. The mean values of BOD5 and COD for the three sites were 7.7 and 36 mg/l. In terms of irrigation purposes, the water quality of the river can be considered low to medium damage in terms of salinity and sodium hazards. In terms of chloride risk, there are no toxicity problems to the roots and leaves of the plants. Therefore, it requires a continual intensive water quality monitoring program to reduce its impact.

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