scholarly journals Monitoring Water Quality Parameters of Khirisan River in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Yaser Ibrahim Jasem ◽  
Qassem H. Jalut ◽  
Salah N. Farhan ◽  
Muataz H. Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Feeding Area

In this work, a set of physical, chemical and biological parameters were analysed for Khirisan river from the period extending from December 2017up to November 2018. The samples were selected from three different sites, agricultural, commercial and residential area to assess the water quality of the river for drinking and irrigation purposes. The study showed that a number of diversity factors were recognized which have a direct effect on the quality of Khirisan river. This includes the catchment feeding area of the river, untreated domestic sewage from the restaurants, cafeterias and government buildings which are adjacent to the river. Water quality of Khirisan river, according to the Iraqi and international standards, satisfies the limits of the rules of the drinking purposes for all studied parameters except the values of calcium ions and total hardness value for some rainy months as well as to organic load. The mean values of BOD5 and COD for the three sites were 7.7 and 36 mg/l. In terms of irrigation purposes, the water quality of the river can be considered low to medium damage in terms of salinity and sodium hazards. In terms of chloride risk, there are no toxicity problems to the roots and leaves of the plants. Therefore, it requires a continual intensive water quality monitoring program to reduce its impact.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purpose in Mansa District(Punjab, India) through GIS Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBJANI KUNDU ◽  
ANIL SOOD
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Total Geographical Area ◽  
Extreme Salinity

Use of geostatistical approaches for water quality mapping is a smart and timely approach to assess the quality of groundwater and evaluate its suitability for irrigation purpose. Present study was undertaken to map the spatial distribution of different water quality parameters and generate water quality map for Mansa district using geo-statistical interpolator (Kriging). Geo-referenced groundwater samples were collected and analysed for different quality parameters i.e. pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Carbonate and Bicarbonate (CO 3 2- , HCO 3 - ), Chloride (Cl - ), Total Hardness (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ ) and Sodium (Na + ) content; and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) was calculated. Salinity and alkalinity hazards were evaluated using national and international standards and the overall, water quality was assessed to judge its suitability for irrigation purpose. Quality of groundwater for irrigation was found to be marginal in major part of district Mansa covering an area of 200156.7 ha (92.3% of its Total Geographical Area) which can be used for irrigation purpose only after some amelioration. Extreme salinity (ECandgt;4 dSm -1 ) and alkalinity (RSCandgt; 5 meq l -1 ) hazards were prevalent only in small patches in Sardulgarh and Budhlada blocks covering 26.7 and 2.9% of TGA of the respective blocks. Mixing of canal water with groundwater, use of suitable amendments, like gypsum, selection of appropriate crops and cropping systems should be in regular practice for improving the water quality in one hand and preventing further deterioration in other.

scholarly journals Unfolding Water Quality Status During COVID-19 Lockdown for the Highly Polluted Santiago River in Jalisco, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy ◽  
Fermín Pérez-Guevara ◽  
Ignacio Elizalde Martinez ◽  
Shruti Venkata Chari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
The Government ◽  
Temporary Closure

Abstract The Santiago River is one of Mexico's most polluted waterways and evaluating its surface water quality during the COVID-19 outbreak is critical to assessing the changes and improvements, if any, from the nationwide lockdown (April-May 2020). Hence, the data for 12 water quality parameters from 13 sampling stations during April-May 2020 (lockdown) were compared with the levels for the same period of 2019 (pre-lockdown) and with the same interval of previous eleven-years (2009-2019). The values of BOD (14%), COD (29%), TSS (7%), f. coli (31%), t. coli (14%) and Pb (20%) declined, while pH, EC, turbidity, total nitrogen and As enhanced by 0.3-21% during the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period suggesting decrements of organic load in the river due to the temporary closure of industrial and commercial activities. An eleven-year comparison estimated the reduction of pH, TSS, COD, total nitrogen and Pb by 1-38%. The analysis of water quality index estimates showed short-term improvements of river water quality in the lockdown period, compared to pre-lockdown and eleven-year trend as well as indicated very poor quality of the river. The contamination sources identified by factor analysis were mainly related to untreated domestic sewage, industrial wastewaters and agriculture effluents influencing the river water quality. Overall, our findings demonstrated positive responses of COVID-19 imposed lockdown on water quality of the Santiago River during the study period, providing a foundation for the government policy makers to identify the sources of pollution, to better design environmental policies and plans for water quality improvements.

scholarly journals Real-time water quality monitoring through Internet of Things and ANOVA-based analysis: a case study on river Krishna

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad M. Pujar ◽  
Harish H. Kenchannavar ◽  
Raviraj M. Kulkarni ◽  
Umakant P. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Analysis

AbstractIn this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a statistical model based on Internet of Things (IoT) for water quality analysis of river Krishna using different water quality parameters such as pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and conductivity. These parameters are very important to assess the water quality of the river. The water quality data were collected from six stations of river Krishna in the state of Karnataka. River Krishna is the fourth largest river in India with approximately 1400 km of length and flows from its origin toward Bay of Bengal. In our study, we have considered only stretch of river Krishna flowing in state of Karnataka, i.e., length of about 483 km. In recent years, the mineral-rich river basin is subjected to rapid industrialization, thus polluting the river basin. The river water is bound to get polluted from various pollutants such as the urban waste water, agricultural waste and industrial waste, thus making it unusable for anthropogenic activities. The traditional manual technique that is under use is a very slow process. It requires staff to collect the water samples from the site and take them to the laboratory and then perform the analysis on various water parameters which is costly and time-consuming process. The timely information about water quality is thus unavailable to the people in the river basin area. This creates a perfect opportunity for swift real-time water quality check through analysis of water samples collected from the river Krishna. IoT is one of the ways with which real-time monitoring of water quality of river Krishna can be done in quick time. In this paper, we have emphasized on IoT-based water quality monitoring by applying the statistical analysis for the data collected from the river Krishna. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-way ANOVA were applied for the data collected, and found that one-way ANOVA was more effective in carrying out water quality analysis. The hypotheses that are drawn using ANOVA were used for water quality analysis. Further, these analyses can be used to train the IoT system so that it can take the decision whenever there is abnormal change in the reading of any of the water quality parameters.

scholarly journals Study on Some Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Ground Water of District Rampur - A Statistical Approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Kumar Sindhu ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Total Dissolve Solid ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Domestic Purpose

A systematic study has been carried out to explore the water quality index of ground water of various tehsils of Rampur district. Twenty five water samples from tube wells, open wells and hand pumps at various locations were collected and analyzed for pH, nitrate, turbidity, total dissolve solid, chlorides, total hardness, alkalinity and fluoride. In this study overall water quality of Rampur district is very poor and unsuitable for drinking purpose. Water quality of Bilaspur, Shahabad and Rampur city shows that water may not be used for drinking as well as domestic purpose. Present study recommends that the top priority should be given to water quality monitoring and indigenous technologies should be adopted to make water fit for drinking after treatment such as defluoridation, desalination.

scholarly journals GSM Based Water Quality Monitoring System Using Arduino

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
S Gokulanathan ◽  
P Manivasagam ◽  
N Prabu ◽  
T Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Power Efficient

This paper investigates about water quality monitoring system through a wireless sensor network. Due to the rapid development and urbanization, the quality of water is getting degrade over year by year, and it leads to water-borne diseases, and it creates a bad impact. Water plays a vital role in our human society and India 65% of the drinking water comes from underground sources, so it is mandatory to check the quality of the water. In this model used to test the water samples and through the data it analyses the quality of the water. This paper delivers a power efficient, effective solution in the domain of water quality monitoring it also provides an alarm to a remote user, if there is any deviation of water quality parameters.

scholarly journals Water quality in the lotic area of the Antas river before and after the construction of the Monte Claro hydroelectric plant, south Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane Marques Pimenta ◽  
Leonardo Marques Furlanetto ◽  
Edélti Faria Albertoni ◽  
Cleber Palma-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Before And After ◽  
South Brazil

AIM: This study characterized the water quality of the lotic areas of the Rio das Antas (Antas River)influenced by the construction of the Monte Claro hydroelectric plant (South Brazil), a run-of-the-river reservoir. METHODS: To assess the water quality, we selected four sampling points based on the results obtained in the water-quality monitoring program performed by CERAN (the Rio das Antas Energetic Company) in the pre-filling (2002-2004) and post-filling (2005-2008) periods. The river flow was monitored during both of the periods. Seasonal samplings were conducted, and alkalinity, chlorophyll a, total and fecal coliforms, conductivity, color, BOD, COD, total phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammoniacal nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, suspended solids, sulfates, temperature and turbidity were evaluated. The results were interpreted according to the Brazilian Environmental Council's Water Quality Index, Trophic State Index and CONAMA Resolution 357/05. To verify the occurrence of alterations before and after the plant operation, t-tests were performed. RESULTS: Significant changes in water quality were not observed after the impoundment. The permanence of the characteristics of the natural hydrography was important for maintaining the water quality. The decline of the water quality in a stretch with reduced flow was caused by Burati stream, a tributary containing high concentrations of nutrients and fecal coliforms. CONCLUSIONS:The Monte Claro hydroelectric plant did not alter the water quality of the Antas River. The small reservoir resulting from the plant project favors the maintenance of the water quality of the river and does not favor eutrophication. Attention should be given to Burati stream, a tributary of the Antas River, regarding its high nutrient and coliform content.

ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTION HAZARDS OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCE IN ABEOKUTA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
S A ISHOLA ◽  
V MAKINDE ◽  
I C OKEYODE ◽  
F G AKINBORO ◽  
H AYEDUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physico Chemical

Pollution of wells and borehole water, either from point or non-point sources, has become a matter of health concern both in urban and rural areas. Groundwater is tapped for domestic uses through the con-struction of hand dug wells and boreholes. However, while providing an alternative to the public water supply sources; most of the boreholes are often located too close to possible contamination sources. Various land use and human activities such as solid waste landfills, cemetery and animal wastes, among others can result in ground water contamination. In an open or buried dumping solid waste or sanitary landfill, the organic and inorganic by-products resulting from the decomposition of wastes are leached out by the infiltration of rainfall. A release of leachate to the surrounding soil without proper collection and treatment could contaminate groundwater resources. Many of the wells and boreholes in the study area were found to be indiscriminately located and scattered among such impairing lands/features. This study was therefore aimed at assessing the pollution hazards and vulnerability of groundwater resource in Abe-okuta North Local Government Area (LGA) by sampling some boreholes from selected locations in the area. Water samples were collected and analyzed for water quality parameters using standard proce-dures. The parameters determined were Turbidity, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Solids (TS), Total hardness, cations {Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), iron (Fe)}, anions {Chloride (Cl-), Nitrate (NO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), Phosphate (PO43-)}, and heavy metals {lead (Pb2+), Zinc (Zn2+), Copper (Cu2+)}. Results were subjected to statistical evaluations using SPSS 18.0 for descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). It was observed that the elemental parameters in the bore-holes sampled have mean values of the concentrations of Fe2+, Na+, Cl- , SO42-, Pb2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ higher during the wet season relative to dry season. For the physico-chemical parameters, it was equally observed that parameters such as EC, TDS, TS, TSS were higher during the wet season than dry season while turbidity, temperature, pH and total hardness were higher during dry season than in the wet season. Water quality parameters such as Fe2+, Pb2+, NO3-, and EC have mean values greater than World Health Organization and NESREA maximum permissible standards for drinking water. Elevated values of these parameters are of great concern to public health when the water from these boreholes is consumed without treatment by people. It is recommended that well and borehole waters in this area be adequately treated before consumption using advanced inorganic removal techniques such as Nano-filtration and Reverse Osmosis to safeguard human health in the study area.Keywords: Boreholes, pollution, water quality, public health, physico-chemical

scholarly journals EVALUATING SURFACE WATER QUALITY AND WATER MONITORING PARAMETERS IN THE TIEN RIVER, VIETNAMESE MEKONG DELTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Thanh Giao Nguyen ◽  
Vo Quang Minh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Water Quality Parameters

The study aimed to evaluate the surface water quality of the Tien River and identify water quality parameters to be monitored using the water quality monitoring data in the period of 2011 - 2019. The water samples were collected at five locations from Tan Chau to Cho Moi districts, An Giang province for three times per year (i.e., in March, June, and September). Water quality parameters included temperature (oC), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate (NO3--N), orthophosphate (PO43--P), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and coliforms. These parameter results were compared with the national technical regulation on surface water quality QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT, column A1. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the sources of pollution and the main factors affecting water quality. The results of this study showed that DO concentration was lower and TSS, BOD, PO43--P, coliforms concentrations in the Tien river exceeded QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT, column A1. pH, temperature, and NO3--N values were in accordance with the permitted regulation. The water monitoring parameters were seasonally fluctuated. DO, BOD, TSS, and coliforms concentrations were higher in the rainy season whereas NO3--N and PO43--P were higher in the dry season. The PCA results illustrated that pH, TSS, DO, BOD, PO43--P and coliforms should be included in the monitoring program. Other indicators such as temperature and NO3--N could be considered excluded from the program to save costs. 

scholarly journals Assessing the occurrence of cyanotoxins in two urban reservoirs through a community science monitoring program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emily C. Kinzinger
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
School Students ◽  
One Year ◽  
Community Science

Cyanobacterial blooms are an ongoing threat to aquatic systems worldwide. These potentially toxic blooms have typically been observed in summer to early fall, but there are increasing reports of blooms in colder seasons. From the few studies available, weknow that blooms can produce toxins in the winter. The objective of this research was to assess the year-round presence, concentration, and environmental drivers of the cyanotoxins microcystin and cylindrospermopsin in two reservoirs located in Columbia, Missouri, USA. To fulfill this objective, I coordinated and managed the Reservoir Observer Student Scientists (ROSS) program. This community science initiative combined educating high school students about limnology and cyanobacterial blooms with training students hands-on to collect weekly water quality samples. Data for this project was collected over two years in Bethel Lake and one year in Stephens Lake. We found detectable concentrations of the cyanotoxins year-round. There was no relationship between microcystin nor cylindrospermopsin and chlorophyll-a in either reservoir. Presence and concentration of microcystin and cylindrospermopsin were related to physical water quality parameters in Bethel Lake. This study provides evidence for the necessity of year-round water quality monitoring.

scholarly journals Limnology of lake Surinsar, Jammu, J&K: Part II – Water chemistry

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
D. Slathia ◽  
S. P. S. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Detectable Limit

Water quality parameters viz. air temperature (15.21 0 C -36 0 C/16.71 0 C - 39.42 0 C), water temperature (13 0 C-32.42 0 C/15 0 C-32.8 0 C), depth (42cm-69.08cm/ 25cm-121.92cm), turbidity (3.88-46.27NTU/3.67-69.39 NTU), salinity (0.10-0.31ppt/ 0.10-0.37ppt), electrical conductivity (0.101-0.172mS/cm/0.114-0.279mS/cm), TDS (49.63-111.78 mg/l/57.64-177.01mg/l), pH (7.92-9.82/7.80-9.09), free CO2 (0-19.22mg/l/0-15.32mg/l), DO (6.82-9.90mg/l/4.65-9.40mg/l), carbonate (0-18.38mg/l/0-20.63mg/l), bicarbonate (60.99-170.70mg/l/77.62-168.70mg/l, chloride (7.41-12.35mg/l/9.59-19.60mg/l), calcium (6.85-38.50mg/l/11.81-140.49mg/l), magnesium (4.62-7.22mg/l/3.86-39.05mg/l), total hardness (40.29-125.50 mg/l/56.61-511.05mg/l), BOD (3.12-5.79mg/l/1.31-16.21 mg/l), COD (17.74-75.42 mg/l/ 26.57-73.03mg/l), sodium (14.2-22.5mg/l/12.2-30.9mg/l), potassium (1.83-4.17mg/l/2.25-6.21mg/l), phosphate (0.048-0.233mg/l/0.008-0.603mg/l), nitrate (0.13-1.3mg/l/0.11-4.08mg/l), sulphate (1.60-19.19mg/l/1.36-15.70mg/l), silicate (0.14-4.23mg/l/0.27-7.05mg/l), iron (0-0.65/0-0.40mg/l), copper (below detectable limit) and zinc (below detectable limit), of lake Surinsar-the only source of drinking water to the inhabitants of the Surinsar village, have been reported monthly, during the year 2002-03/2003-04. WQI range falls from poor (70.45, December; 73.55, October; 74.4, November and 74.56, September/ 74.52, January and 75.36, September), very poor(82.54, February; 89.25, May; 80.76, August and 78.86, January/ 80.89, February; 98.25, April; 80.03, June; 82.26, July; 86.55, October and 83.03, November) to unfit (100.44, June; 101.9, July; 103.86, April and 119.5, March/ 103.73, May; 108.28, March; 122.56, August and 103.72, December). Comparison of range of various water quality parameters of Surinsar lake water, with national and international standards has also revealed that most of these parameters are beyond permissible limits. This clearly indicates the unsuitability of raw water, generally consumed by local inhabitants, for human consumption.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document