Sewage Sludge Disposal in Southern California, U.S.A.

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1431-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Dried Sludge ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The City

Disposal of sewage solids resulting from wastewater treatment processes has historically been the most difficult and “unsolved” problem in the handling of water-carried wastes in Southern California. Continuing rapid growth combined with Federal laws which essentially prohibit any discharge of sludge to the ocean regardless of net effects upon the land) water and air total environment have exacerbated this problem to an almost critical state. Complex incineration processes directed at producing energy from dried sludge while minimizing negative atmospheric impacts are under construction. Their complexity has resulted in start-up problems related to the short time allowed for design and break-in by Federal Court action. Increased sludge disposal amounts are also resulting from Federal insistence upon full secondary treatment prior to ocean disposal regardless of net environmental impact. Four large facilities were examined: the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles and Orange Counties, the City of San Diego and the City of Los Angeles. Differing approaches to disposal have been chosen with landfills receiving most sludge at the present and incineration planned for most in the future. Description of the current practices with the amounts of solids to be disposed of and the current costs are outlined.

The Los Angeles earthquakes of July, 1920

1921 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Stephen Taber
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Southern California ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City ◽  
Tectonic Movements

Summary More than a hundred earthquakes have been recorded in southern California during the period February-September, 1920. These earthquakes have originated along several different faults in the vicinity of Los Angeles, but all of them are believed to have resulted from the adjustment of stresses set up in the region by the same general tectonic movements. The series of shocks felt in Los Angeles on July 16th originated along faults which cut Miocene and Pliocene rocks in the northern part of the city. The three strongest shocks on July 16th had epicentral intensities of between VI and VII in the Rossi-Forel scale; and they were felt over areas of from 500 to 2500 square miles. The known seismic history of southern California and the magnitude of the post-Pleistocene movements both indicate that the seismicity of the region is relatively high. There are many faults in the vicinity of Los Angeles; some of which are known to be active, while others are suspected of being active. Fortunately those within the city are short, while the longer ones are seven to thirty miles away, and are therefore less dangerous in so far as Los Angeles is concerned.

scholarly journals Spaces of Mega Sporting Events versus Public Spaces. Qatar 2022 World Cup and the City of Doha

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Simona Azzali
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Arab Country ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The City

In the last decades, many emerging countries have been staging mega sporting events more and more frequently. Among those nations, Qatar stands out for being the first Arab country to host a FIFA World Cup. With the rationale of diversifying its economy and promoting itself as a tourist destination, Doha, its capital city, has recently staged many international events and is literally under construction, undergoing important changes in terms of transportation, infrastructure, and sports facilities. While hosting cities and organising committees often promote the supposed benefits of a mega event, experience shows an opposite trend: outcomes from staging major events are mostly harmful, and their effects are planned to last only for a short time. When it comes to sporting events sites, stadiums, and their precincts, they usually become under-used and very costly to maintain in a very short time, and their precincts are completely abandoned. What will be the destiny of the 2022 World Cup stadiums and infrastructure? How can this event be leveraged as a momentum of experimentation and sustainable growth of its capital city, Doha? Is it possible to transform the Cup’s stadiums and precincts into liveable, enjoyable and well-integrated public spaces and neighbourhoods? This work focuses on the city of Doha, which hosted the 2006 Asian Games and will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup and aims to identify strategies to plan and maximise the post-event use of event sites and venues, more specifically stadiums, to generate more liveable and sustainable public spaces. The article investigates Doha’s public spaces, and analyses the government’s legacy plans for the 2022 World Cup, with a specific focus on stadiums and their precincts. The research aims to be a warning to future hosting cities and presents a series of suggestions on how to best leverage the stage of mega sporting events to promote healthy and liveable public spaces.

scholarly journals Drastic Measures in Los Angeles

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
David Lau
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Southern California ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern California Region ◽  
The City

This essay is a review of two recent books of criticism: Bill Mohr's account of the Los Angeles poetry scene and Ignacio Lopez-Calvo's account of recent film and fiction set in Latino L.A. The essay argues for a conception of L.A. rooted in understanding the political and economic history of the city, and concludes with some speculation on the future of cultural production in the southern California region.

Maintaining Scientific Integrity under Pressure: The Experience of the Southern California Water Research Authority

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
J. B. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Political Connection ◽  
Water Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
California Water ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Elected Representatives ◽  
The City

The experience of of the city of Los Angeles demonstrates that if political pressures are combined with ignorance of both economics science on the part of active participents in a democracy a city can be forced into unnecessary and expensive ‘anti-pollution' measures. The author has been for 14 years, since 1972 the representative of the city of Los Angeles on the governing board for the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRA) formed in 1969 by five southern California sewage discharging agencies, to obtain a date base on on the ecology of the near-shore ocean watesr and the effect of sewage on those waters, in order to ensure that legislation and regulations concerning that discharge would be rationally based, It is a small research laboratory with capabilities in physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. Because the only source of available founding was the agencies themselves, two mechanisms were put into place, in order to ensure the scientific credibility of the research (1) a commissior of five elected representatives, one from each of the sponsoring agencies would be responsible to the public, and (2) a consulting board of eminent scientists, with no political connection to any of the agencies,would guide the research and lend the weights of their reputations to the rasults, The commission selects both the consulting board and the project manager. In actuality, the commission is not seen as a presence which bestows reliability on the research; for the scientific communty, the integrity of the research done has depended, as it always does, on publication of reports and review of the procedures by fellow scientists, The commission, although powerful, is invisible. For the public, the research results are made to speak for themselves, and they are interpreted in the light of the demand for 100% purity of both seafood and bathing waters.

Preface

Experiment ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Lorin Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Guest Editor ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Dance Performance ◽  
Current Volume ◽  
The City ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
The U.S

This current volume of Experiment, Volume 20, entitled “Kinetic Los Angeles: Russian Émigrés in the City of Self-Transformation” (Guest Editor, Lorin Johnson) is dedicated to the contributions of Russian artists who lived and worked in Los Angeles in the fields of dance performance, visual arts, and film, exploring how the city was influenced by their presence as well as the reasons that drew them to Southern California. While many of the essays focus on the émigré community that gathered in Los Angeles during the 1930s-1940s, the investigation of “Russianness” in the city is not confined to those decades. Each essay in this volume is accompanied by photographs and illustrations which help to tell this story, many of which are previously unpublished and recently discovered in private collections and archives in the U.S. and abroad. Contributors include: Kenneth Archer, John Bowlt, Donald Bradburn, Elizabeth Durst, Lynn Garafola, Karen Goodman, Millicent Hodson, Lorin Johnson (Guest Editor), Mark Konecny, Debra Levine and Oleg Minin.

Comprehensive Sludge Management Planning for the Hyperion Treatment Plant (Los Angeles, USA)

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
David S. Harrison ◽  
Bradley M. Smith ◽  
John T. Crosse
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Court Order ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
The City

The City of Los Angeles Hyperion Treatment Plant currently processes 1.44 × 106m3/d (380 mgd) of flow with a secondary treatment capacity of 7.19 × 105m3/d (190 mgd). Under Federal Court Order, the City ceased ocean discharge of sludge in November, 1987, and will upgrade the plant's capacity to 1.7 × 106m3/d (450 mgd), with full secondary treatment, by 1998. The cessation of ocean discharge and the anticipated increase in sludge quantities led to the formulation of a Sludge Management Plan to address sludge processing facility needs on-site, as well as off-site options for reuse/disposal of dewatered sludge cake or sludge combustion ash. This paper presents the methods and analyses used to formulate the Plan, and the recommendations set forth in the Plan.

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