Sewage and Solids Disposal: Are Processes Such as Ocean Disposal Proper? The Case of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo P. Jordão ◽  
Jorge R. Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Concrete Pipe ◽  
Ocean Disposal

In developing countries, as is the case of Brazil, solutions proposed for sewage and sludge treatment and disposal must meet not only public environmental demands and obey proper legal regulations, but also take into account the availability of funds for new investments and operation of existing systems. Brazilian federal regulations allow ocean disposal of sewage and solids, according to certain water quality criteria and specific standards. On the other hand, federal regulations require that submarine outfalls must be studied by means of an Environmental Impact Assessment, and that a Report on the Environmental Impact be produced. Such studies must demonstrate that the site will be protected and that ocean disposal will not impair the environment and the beneficial uses, such as fisihing, recreation, navigation, or propagation of marine life. The State of Rio de Janeiro has monitored its Ipanema Submarine Outfall since 1974, one year prior to going into operation. Present flow is 6m3/sec (140 mgd) of bar-screened domestic sewage. The submarine outfall is a 2.4m diameter concrete pipe, 4.3 km (2.7mi) long, and discharges at a depth of 27m (89ft). The paper presents and discusses existing regulations and data on the seawater monitoring program which is still in practice, having produced more than 90,000 analyses. Discussion covers the period 1974 - 1988, and shows that no adverse ecological impact has been noted on the marine ecosystem.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Parameters of Surface Seawater in Malaysia Exclusive Economic Zones Off the Coast of Sarawak

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Akmal Idrus ◽  
Melissa Dennis Chong ◽  
Nur Syazwani Abd Rahim ◽  
Masania Mohd Basri ◽  
Jamil Musel
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zone ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Future Work

Physicochemical characteristics of seawater play crucial role for productive marine ecosystem and fisheries activities. The limited information of Sarawak surface seawaters provide objective to determine the physicochemical characteristics in Malaysia Exclusive Economic Zone off the Coast of Sarawak. A total of 38 samples were collected using Van Dorn Waals Sampler and the physicochemical characteristics were measured using physicochemical parameter probes. Ranges for dissolved oxygen (DO) was 3.73-6.83 mg/l, temperature was 27.03-30.13ºC, pH was 7.63-7.82, salinity was 33.77-36.77 ppt, turbidity was 0.01-1.01 NTU, chlorophylla concentration was 0.01-4.52 mg/l, nitrate was 0.01–0.08 mg/l, nitrite was 0.001–0.012 mg/l and phosphate was 0.01–5.95 mg/l. There was positive correlation between chlorophyll-a and nutrients that indicated the biological uptake by biota (e.g. phytoplankton). In conclusion, the present study shows that the Malaysia Exclusive Economic Zone off the Coast of Sarawak had minimal pollution based on Malaysia Marine Water Quality Criteria. An update for physicochemical characteristics of surface seawaters in the coverage areas is required as future work.

Ecological Impact of a 4-km Causeway on an Arctic Environment

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 387-397
Author(s):  
J M Colonell ◽  
G A Robilliard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Arctic Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

The Prudhoe Bay Causeway is a gravel-fill structure that extends 4 km into the Beaufort Sea at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Concern over the impact of this structure on the marine Arctic environment prompted regulatory agencies to require owners of the causeway to sponsor a multidisciplinary monitoring program that encompasses the physical and biological realms of possible impact. This paper describes how such concerns are being addressed and also includes results of the initial studies of possible environmental impact of the causeway.

Volume Analysis for Attainability of Water Quality Criteria for Three Loading Constituents

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wang ◽  
Lewis Linker ◽  
James Collier ◽  
Gary Shenk ◽  
Robert Koroncai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Volume Analysis

Developing Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Mercury: A Probabilistic Site-Specific Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (0) ◽  
pp. 9781780404028-9781780404028
Author(s):  
D. R. J. Moore ◽  
A. Pawlisz ◽  
R. Scott Teed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Approach

scholarly journals Geochemical and biological controls on the ecological relevance of total, dissolved, and colloidal forms of trace elements in large boreal rivers: review and case studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-163
Author(s):  
C.W. Cuss ◽  
C.N. Glover ◽  
M.B. Javed ◽  
A. Nagel ◽  
W. Shotyk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Athabasca River ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Boreal Rivers

The concentrations of trace elements (TEs) in large boreal rivers can fluctuate markedly due to changing water levels and flow rates associated with spring melt and variable contributions from tributaries and groundwaters, themselves having different compositions. These fluctuating and frequently high concentrations create regulatory challenges for protecting aquatic life. For example, water quality criteria do not account for changes in flow regimes that can result in TE levels that may exceed regulatory limits, and neither do they account for the markedly different lability and bioaccessibility of suspended solids. This review addresses the geochemical and biological processes that govern the lability and bioaccessibility of TEs in boreal rivers, with an emphasis on the challenges posed by the colloidal behaviour of many TEs, and their relationship to the dissolved fraction (i.e., <0.45 μm in size). After reviewing the processes and dynamics that give rise to the forms and behaviour of TEs in large boreal rivers, their relevance for aquatic organisms and the associated relationships between size and lability and bioaccessibility are discussed. The importance of biological variables and different forms of TEs for limiting lability and bioaccessibility are also addressed. Two case studies emphasize seasonal fluctuations and accompanying changes in the distribution of TE amongst different size fractions and associated colloidal species in large boreal rivers: the Northern Dvina and one of its tributaries, the Pinega River, both in Russia, and the Athabasca River in Alberta, Canada. Water quality in the Athabasca River is briefly discussed with respect to Canadian guidelines.

Helminth eggs removal by microscreening for water reclamation and reuse

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Quinzaños ◽  
C. Dahl ◽  
R. Strube ◽  
R. Mujeriego
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Filter Cloth ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Irrigation with reclaimed water is becoming a practical alternative to conventional irrigation in semi-arid areas of the Mediterranean like Spain, but it requires a reliable treatment process to provide a safe water supply. Helminth eggs are one of the main concerns for the safe use of reclaimed water, as they can survive adverse environmental conditions and they are highly infective. Spanish water quality criteria and International guidelines set a limit of 0.1 eggs/l for water uses with unrestricted human exposure. Two microscreening processes have been tested to determine their potential for helminth eggs removal, after a conventional physic-chemical reclamation process. Hydrotech Drum and Discfilters®, provided with 10 μm pore size filter cloth, were tested to determine their efficiency for helminth eggs straining. An experimental test was conducted using 20 μm spherical latex particles, as surrogates for helminth eggs, to test the removal efficiency of a small full-scale drumfilter. In a subsequent laboratory test, actual Trichuris suis eggs were strained using a 10 μm pore size filter cloth from a discfilter. Results from both tests indicate that drum and discfilters are able to achieve 99% removal efficiency for spherical latex particles and a complete removal for helminth eggs in reclaimed water.

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