Strategy for Protecting the North Sea: A Chemical Industry Perspective

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
J. R. Lawrence ◽  
N. C. D. Craig
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Important Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Seven Principles ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Cost

The public has ever-rising expectations for the environmental quality of the North Sea and hence of everreducing anthropogenic inputs; by implication society must be willing to accept the cost of reduced contamination. The chemical industry accepts that it has an important part to play in meeting these expectations, but it is essential that proper scientific consideration is given to the potential transfer of contamination from one medium to another before changes are made. A strategy for North Sea protection is put forward as a set of seven principles that must govern the management decisions that are made. Some areas of uncertainty are identified as important research targets. It is concluded that although there have been many improvements over the last two decades, there is more to be done. A systematic and less emotive approach is required to continue the improvement process.

Fuentes the Young

PMLA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-710
Author(s):  
John Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Carlos Fuentes ◽  
Public Service Announcement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Late Night ◽  
The North ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
The North Sea

Carlos Fuentes was a dapper man. His physical bearing, his way of dressing, and his manners were all exquisite. He favored tailored Italian suits, supple loafers, pocket squares. He liked tony international places: he once said he owed the idea for La muerte de Artemio Cruz (1962; The Death of Artemio Cruz), perhaps the most “Mexican” of his novels, “to the North Sea and a beach in Holland” (Interview). But his cosmopolitanism got him into trouble, such as when a well-intentioned but off-key televised public-service announcement resulted in late-night TV parodies. Addressing the pollution problem in Mexico City, Fuentes pleaded for the public to save his “beloved” city—all while standing in an idyllic spot in Cambridge, England.

The water quality of UK rivers entering the North Sea

2000 ◽  
Vol 251-252 ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Neal ◽  
W.A House ◽  
G.J.L Leeks ◽  
B.A Whitton ◽  
R.J Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

CCS in the North Sea region: A comparison on the cost-effectiveness of storing CO2 in the Utsira formation at regional and national scales

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Strachan ◽  
Ric Hoefnagels ◽  
Andrea Ramírez ◽  
Machteld van den Broek ◽  
Audun Fidje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Towards the North Sea wind power revolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens N. Sørensen ◽  
Gunner C. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Cost

Abstract. The present work assesses the potential of a massive exploitation of offshore wind power in the North Sea by combining a meteorological model with a cost model that includes a bathymetric analysis of the water depth of the North Sea. The overall objective is to assess if the wind power in the North Sea can deliver the total consumption of electricity in Europe and to what prize as compared to conventional onshore wind energy. The meteorological model is based on the assumption that the exploited area is so large, that the wind field between the turbines is in equilibrium with the atmospheric boundary layer. This makes it possible to use momentum analysis to determine the mutual influence between the atmospheric boundary layer and the wind farm, with the wind farm represented by an average horizontal force component corresponding to the thrust. The cost model includes expressions for the most essential wind farm cost elements, such as costs of wind turbines, support structures, cables and electrical substations, as well as operation and maintenance as function of rotor size, interspatial distance between the turbines, and water depth. The numbers used in the cost model are based on previous experience from offshore wind farms, and is therefore somewhat conservative. The analysis shows that the lowest energy cost is obtained for a configuration of large wind turbines erected with an interspatial distance of about eight rotor diameters. A part of the analysis is devoted to assessing the relative costs of the various elements of the cost model in order to determine the components with the largest potential for reducing the cost price. As an overall finding, it is shown that the power demand of Europe, which is 0.4 TW or about 3500 TWh/year, can be fulfilled by exploiting an area of 190.000 km2, corresponding to about 1/3 of the North Sea, with 100.000 wind turbines of generator size 13 MW on water depths up to 45 m at a cost price of about 7.5 €cents/kWh.

Improved seismic interpretation of a salt diapir by utilization of diffractions, exemplified by 2D reflection seismics, Danish sector of the North Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. T77-T88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Montazeri ◽  
Lars Ole Boldreel ◽  
Anette Uldall ◽  
Lars Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Seismic Imaging ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Salt Diapir ◽  
The North ◽  
Reflection Seismics ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Sediment Layers

Development of salt diapirs affects the hydrocarbon trapping systems in the Danish sector of the North Sea, where the reservoirs mainly consist of chalk. Seismic imaging and interpretation of the salt structures are challenging, primarily due to the complex geometry of the salt bodies and typically strong velocity contrast with the neighboring sediment layers. The quality of seismic imaging in the North Sea is highly dependent on the quality of the estimated velocity model. We have studied diffracted arrivals originating from the salt flanks and adjacent sedimentary structures using a diffraction imaging technique. The diffracted waves carry valuable information regarding seismic velocity and the location of geologic discontinuities, such as faults, fractures, and salt delimitations. We apply a plane-wave destruction method to separate diffractions from our stacked data. We optimize imaging based on diffraction analysis by using a velocity continuation migration technique, which leads to an estimation of the optimum focusing velocity model. We determine that the diffraction-based approach significantly improves the seismic imaging adjacent to the salt diapirs and the neighboring layers when compared with a standard approach in which we mostly ignore the diffractions. The new poststack time-migrated results provide detailed information that optimizes our interpretation of the salt diapir itself (e.g., the width of the salt neck) as well as the sediment layers related to the rim synclines. Processing schemes such as prestack depth migration and full-waveform inversion may potentially provide high-resolution images of the salt structures. We only account for diffractions in nonmigrated stacked data to better constrain seismic velocity and improve imaging around the salt diapir. The obtained results are critical for reservoir characterization.

Stratigraphy of the oil and gas reservoirs: UK Continental Shelf

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Brown
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Gravity ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Uk

The petroliferous sedimentary basins of the UK Continental Shelf are remarkable for the diversity of their reservoir strata. Reservoir rocks in fields currently in production range in age from Devonian to earliest Eocene, but significant hydrocarbon discoveries have also been made in rocks as as young as the mid-Eocene. The reservoirs are predominantly siliciclastic rocks, with facies ranging from continental fluvial and aeolian, to marine gravity flow deposits from sub-wave base environments.In this paper stratigraphic context of the producing horizons in the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS), principally the North Sea, is reviewed, and the sedimentation of the reservoir strata placed in an outline geological history. The main producing horizons are described in summary. Matters of stratigraphic terminology and correlation both between fields and between basins are discussed.A lithostratigraphy for the UK southern North Sea was established by Rhys (1974), and for the central and northern North Sea by Deegan & Scull (1977). Although these schemes have proved to be fairly robust, in the last 13 years the acquisition of new data plus a proliferation of new terms not fully documented in the public domain, argue strongly for a comprehensive revision and rationalization which is beyond the scope of this paper. Attempts in the public domain to standardize nomenclature across international boundaries in the North Sea, pursued by Deegan & Scull (1977) for the UK and Norwegian sectors, have lapsed for the most part in subsequent years.Economic basement in the UK North Sea can be regarded at present

scholarly journals Evaluation of the quality of the North Sea herring assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1814-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. John Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
The North ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
One Year

Abstract Simmonds, E. J. 2009. Evaluation of the quality of the North Sea herring assessment. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1814–1822. The assessment of North Sea herring has been used to give advice on catch quota for more than 20 years. The data sources comprise acoustic surveys, International Bottom Trawl Surveys, Methot Isaacs–Kidd net post-larval surveys, larval surveys, and catch-at-age data. These sources and their uses are briefly reviewed, and the changes in the weighting attached to each index in the assessment over time are discussed. The performance of the assessment is examined both in historical and analytical retrospectives of spawning–stock biomass and fishing mortality, and in retrospective assessments of numbers by cohort. Increased length of the time-series, the use of a statistical model with appropriate weighting, and a more consistent management strategy have all contributed to the assessment becoming highly stable from one year to the next. The results presented lead to the conclusion that the assessments provide an excellent basis for the management of this stock.

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