Environmental Studies of a Marine Wastewater Discharge from a Sulphite Pulp Mill – Example of a General Study Approach for Marine Industrial Discharges

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nyholm ◽  
H. Bach ◽  
J. Birklund ◽  
T. L. Jensen ◽  
K. O. Kusk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
General Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Fate Modelling ◽  
Biological Field

The results of comprehensive environmental studies of a marine discharge from a pulp mill is presented to illustrate a general strategy for environmental impact assessment and management of marine industrial wastewater discharges. The strategy includes the following elements: 1) a thorough chemical and ecotoxicological characterization of the wastewater which also involves degradability studies, 2) field monitoring, 3) cage studies with transplanted organisms, 4) hydrographical studies and subsequent dilution and fate modelling of wastewater and wastewater constituents, and 5) quantitative evaluation of the environmental impact as well as predictive evaluations of possible abatement measures by using the combined results of laboratory tests/chemical analyses and dilution/fate modelling to confine areas around the outfall, where adverse effects of various categories can be expected under various environmental settings. Results from field studies are used for comparison/verification. The present study deals with a discharge of unbleached semichemical sulphite pulp effluent which caused oxygen depletion and toxic effects, in particular towards phytoplankton algae. The usefulness of the general study approach was demonstrated and it was concluded in this case that biological field data alone gave limited clues to assessing nor to mitigating the pollution. This was due to the time and spacial variability of the data, and the limited possibilities of distinguishing effects of occasional oxygen depletion from toxic effects. Biological field studies were useful to assess the problem initially, however, and necessary to complement the calculated estimates both qualitatively and to give the study credibility.

Use of Biomonitoring to Control Toxics in the United States

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Pollutants ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Biological Field

A biomonitoring program has been developed in support of the National Policy for the Development of Water Quality-Based Permit Limitations for Toxic Pollutants. The program focuses on the use of laboratory toxicity tests on aquatic plants and animals to predict ecosystem impact caused by toxic pollutants. Both acute and chronic toxicity tests were developed to test effluents and ambient waters. Laboratory and biological field studies were conducted at nine sites. Single species laboratory toxicity tests were found to be good predictors of impacts on the ecosystem when two or more species were used. Biomonitoring can be undertaken either on effluents and/or on the receiving waters. In that toxicity related to seeps, leachates and storm sewers has often been found upstream from dischargers, it is beneficial to conduct both effluent and ambient biomonitoring.

Fate of phosphorus in the recovery cycle of the kraft pulping process

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
MARYAM SADEGH MOUSAVI ◽  
NIKOLAI DEMARTINI
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Recovery Cycle ◽  
Green Liquor ◽  
Green Liquor Dregs ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mills ◽  
Negative Effect

The accumulation of nonprocess elements in the recovery cycle is a common problem for kraft pulp mills trying to reduce their water closure or to utilize biofuels in their lime kiln. Nonprocess elements such as magne-sium (Mg), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), and phosphorus (P) enter the recovery cycle via wood, make-up chemicals, lime rock, biofuels, and process water. The main purge point for these elements is green liquor dregs and lime mud. If not purged, these elements can cause operational problems for the mill. Phosphorus reacts with calcium oxide (CaO) in the lime during slaking; as a result, part of the lime is unavailable for slaking reactions. The first part of this project, through laboratory work, identified rhenanite (NaCa(PO4)) as the form of P in the lime cycle and showed the negative effect of P on the availability of the lime. The second part of this project involved field studies and performing a mass balance for P at a Canadian kraft pulp mill.

Much damage for little advantage: Field studies and morphodynamic modelling highlight the environmental impact of an apparently minor coastal mismanagement

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Lasagna ◽  
Monica Montefalcone ◽  
Giancarlo Albertelli ◽  
Nicola Corradi ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Morphodynamic Modelling

Environmental impact assessment: the roles of predicting and monitoring the extent of impacts

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
MPL Smith
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Impact Site ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Maintenance Dredging ◽  
The Impact

Assessment of impact can have at least three meanings: the evaluation, prior to impact, of the loss or alteration of a natural community; the prediction of impact; and the measurement of the extent of impact after it has occurred. Measurement of impact in environmental impact assessment (EIA) for aquatic biota is relatively rare. In most cases, scientists are required to predict impacts without testing whether these predictions hold following development. There are numerous study approaches in EIA that form the basis for predictions. These include a reliance on existing information, snapshot surveys, and surveys conducted over several sampling periods prior to impact. The latter two approaches can be divided into surveys of the impact site alone or surveys of the impact site plus control sites. There also is an issue-oriented approach in which the description of the environment is more closely linked to the predicted physical effects of the proposal. An example is given in which organisms at existing marinas are compared with those at natural sites in an area where a new marina is proposed. While there may be a sound scientific basis for the selection of a particular study approach, there are other considerations such as the cost of the proposal, the legislative framework for EIA, the scale of the proposal, and the attitude of the proponent. It is important that predictions of impact be stated as clearly as possible so that they can be evaluated readily and can facilitate monitoring if required. An area in which monitoring could be of value for improving the accuracy of EIA predictions is in small-scale developments, such as small marinas and maintenance dredging.

scholarly journals Sustainability Perspective to Support Decision Making in Structural Retrofitting of Buildings: A Case Study

Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Rui A. F. Oliveira ◽  
Jorge P. Lopes ◽  
Maria Isabel Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Building Retrofit ◽  
Building Market ◽  
Structural Option ◽  
Support Decision Making

The reuse of existing materials in buildings can give a contribution to sustainable practices such as a balance in embodied energy, water, and emission reduction. However, it is not always possible to maintain the existing structural materials because some different technical variables could hamper their usability, namely seismic reinforcement needs, fire safety protection, conservation state, and new legal requirements. The paper follows a case study approach for assessing the technical and environmental performances of structural options for old building retrofitting works. All structural options were analyzed through the results of several categories of environmental impact. Some parameters of a retrofitting management system were also used to frame in a comprehensive way the technical constraints pertaining to building retrofitting works. The structural option choice was taken by the owner with the contribution of the design team and the construction manager of the construction project as well as the results of interviews with other construction professionals, considering the variables related to technical suitability and environmental impact. The results of the study show that the steel structure is the solution that best addresses the technical constraints of the building retrofit works and minimizes environmental impact. The results of the study also suggest that the consideration of other variables other than the technical ones can contribute to the effective functioning of the renovation subsegment of the building market. Some suggestions for further studies to enhance the results of this work are put forward.

scholarly journals Practical problems and possibilities related to the use of new Plans of Protection Tasks for Natura 2000 sites in environmental studies in the field of transport infrastructure engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Marlena Leszczyńska-Sędłak ◽  
Janusz Bohatkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Practical Information ◽  
Assessment Reports

The present paper deals with the basic aspects of Natura 2000 sites and explains the nature of the Plans of Protection Tasks (PZO) that are designed to protect them. The article also contains practical information on main difficulties that must be overcome by experts who develop the PZOs and illustrates how to apply correctly the contents of PZOs in preparing other environmental documentation, such as environmental impact assessment reports for transport infrastructure projects. The paper demonstrates in which manner the information contained in PZOs can be put into practical use while preparing ecological analyses and documentation performed in the field of transport infrastructure engineering.

Beneficial and Toxic Effects of Chromium in Plants: Solution Culture, Pot and Field Studies.

1993 ◽  
pp. 147-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Barceló ◽  
Charlotte Poschenrieder ◽  
María Dolores Vázquez ◽  
Benet Gunsé
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Toxic Effects

scholarly journals Field Studies of Ecology Impacts: The role and Its Contribution to Quality of Education Model Developed Based on Research Paradigm

EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Kristiyanto Kristiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Current Field ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Learning Success ◽  
Education Model

STUDI LAPANGAN DAMPAK EKOLOGI: PERAN DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KUALITAS MODEL PENDIDIKAN BERDASARKAN PARADIGMA PENELITIAN AbstrakMengembangkan model pendidikan yang baik dan dinamis dalam prosesnya, seharusnya dapat meningkatkan kualitas induvidu maupun kelompok mahasiswa atau peserta didik di perguruan tinggi (PT), agar dapat menyesuaikan diri terhadap dinamika perubahan zaman, sehingga studi lapang salah satu langkah yang perlu mendapat perhatian, dimana secara tidak langsung kegiatan ini mampu meningkatkan kualitas (SDM) dalam rangka menghadapi permasalahan dimasa mendatang yang semakin kompleks, disamping sebagai modal utama dalam mempersiapkan SDM yang berkualitas, baik sebagai pendidik (guru) maupun seorang peneliti yang professional dan kompeten dalam bidangnya. Tujuan dari kegiatan studi lapang tersebut, masih dihadapkan dengan minimnya SDM, sehingga tidak mudah untuk mengimplementasikannya secara dinamis dan berkelanjutan, sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini, akan mengeksplore atau mengkaji lebih detail tentang peran dan kontribusi studi lapang di kalangan PT, yang tentunya membutuhkan proses pembelajaran yang lebih baik, dalam membentuk kualitas SDM yang berkualitas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, lebih melihat pada dinamika persepsi dan interpretasi mahasiswa, yang berkaitan dengan pengalamannya selama di lapang, dan sejauh mana keberhasilan yang diperoleh atau dicapainya, setelah melakukan studi lapang yang berupa produk ilmiah, seperti naskah ilmiah, baik berupa bentuk laporan penelitian maupun jurnal, kemudian proses diskusi panel di dalam kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode studi lapang salah satu kegiatan yang tidak mudah dilakukan, ketika menyusun sebuah laporan yang ilmiah, hal ini dapat dilihat dari aspek lemahnya argumentasi ilmiah yang dibangun, sehingga permasalahan ini, menjadi memberi gambarkan kepada semua pihak, bahwa model pendidikan ini perlu di ubah, dengan memodifikasi sebuah kurikulum yang lebih dinamis, dan tentunya juga disesuaikan dengan perkembangan zaman. AbstractDeveloping quality of education model in learning process was ought to increase skills of both individual and group of students in order to pave their readiness for today’s competitive era. Field study is an approach in learning that may develop to increase the quality of student, particularly in confronting with real life problems. This research was aimed to study the role and contribution of the field study to increase the quality of students. Using students’ perception and interpretations on the study field learning approach, this study tried to answers queries on the extent of study field approach for their learning success. Results revealed that the current field study approach was one of difficult approaches to be implemented in learning. During report development, for example, it was found that there are writing skills that need to be developed. It is suggested from this study, therefore, that field study approach needs to be more dynamic and its curriculum needs to be adjusted with the current development.

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