The source of bromophenols in some species of Australian ocean fish

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Whitfield ◽  
F. Helidoniotis ◽  
D. Svoronos ◽  
K. J. Shaw ◽  
G. L. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Fish Diets ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Total Concentrations

The carcass and gut contents of 10 species of fish caught along the eastern coast of Australia were analysed by gas chromatography-multiple ion detection-mass spectrometry for a range of bromophenols including 2- and 4-bromophenol, 2,4- and 2,6-dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol. These bromophenols, the cause of iodoform-like off-flavours in seafoods, were found in eight of the above species; the largest total concentrations of bromophenols occurred in the commercially important species Nemadactylus douglasii (40 ng/g). The concentrations of bromophenols in another three species Branchiostegus wardi, Rhabdosargus sarba, and Girella tricuspidata, were found to exceed 10 ng/g while in a further four species their concentrations varied between 3 and 8 ng/g. However, these compounds were not identified in the remaining two species at a detection limit of 0.05 ng/g. The variations among fish diets suggest that the bromophenol content of individual fish can be explained by the relative contribution of benthic organisms and marine algae to the fish diet. Bromophenols were found in all of the benthic carnivores and diverse omnivores examined but were not detected in pelagic carnivorous fish.

scholarly journals Reef fish community in presence of the lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean

2015 ◽  
pp. 4989-5003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío García-Urueña ◽  
Arturo Acero P ◽  
Víctor Coronado-Carrascal
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Thalassoma Bifasciatum ◽  
Pterois Volitans ◽  
Stegastes Partitus ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Commercially Important

ABSTRACT Objective. Fish species community structure and benthic organisms coverage were studied in five localities in Santa Marta where the lionfish is present. Materials and methods. Abundance of fish species, including lion fish, was established using 30 m random visual censuses and video transects; trophic guilds were established according to available references. On the other hand benthic coverage was evaluated using the software Coral Point Count (CPCe) 4.0. Results. Families with higher species numbers were Serranidae, Labridae, and Pomacentridae. Lionfish abundances were low (2.6±2.1 ind/120 m2), but in any case Pterois volitans was observed as the eleventh more abundant species, surpassing species of commercial value such as Cephalopholis cruentata. Species that were found in larger numbers (>100, Thalassoma bifasciatum, Haemulon aurolineatum, Canthigaster rostrata, Abudefduf saxatilis, Chromis cyanea, and Stegastes partitus) were mainly invertebrate eaters, planctivores, and territorial herbivores. Coral coverage showed higher coral percentages in Chengue (69.9%) and Cinto (27.4%), larger sponge percentages in Morro (32.7%); Isla Aguja and Remanso showed the larger figures for abiotic substrate (41.6 and 37%, respectively); corals, sponges, and gorgonians were the components best explaining fish community, but not for the lion fish, which inhabit all studied reef formations. Conclusions. Lion fish is ranked between the 20 more abundant species, with none commercially important species larger, hence no species may qualify as a natural control. Lion fish has as well become a relatively abundant species in Santa Marta reefs, independent of benthic coverage.

Do protozoa contribute significantly to the diet of larval fish in the Irish Sea?

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela M. de Figueiredo ◽  
Richard D.M. Nash ◽  
David J.S. Montagnes
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Fish Diets ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

This study evaluates the role of protozoa in larval fish feeding by describing protozoa in larval fish diets and testing the hypothesis that, in the Irish Sea, larval fish feed on protozoan prey at rates that potentially sustain their food requirements. Gut contents of 11 taxonomic groups of larval fish were examined, and protist prey occurred in the diet of all of them. Protozoan prey were identified, which provided an insight into their trophic role. Most of the protozoan prey were autotrophic or mixotrophic. In general, larval fish diets were constant over the spring/summer period, regardless of prey availability in the field and the composition of larval fish assemblage (taxonomy and size). A laboratory experiment on ingestion rates of flounder larvae as a function of ciliates concentration was conducted. Combined laboratory and field data showed that, in the Irish Sea, it is unlikely that ciliates are often the primary food source of flounder larvae, and, by implication, other larval fish as well. However, ciliates and other protozoa could be a substantial component of the larval fish diet, and they may potentially prevent food limitation.

Predation and Competition

2020 ◽  
pp. 361-382
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Bashevkin ◽  
Steven G. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Crustacean larvae are subject to predation by a diverse assemblage of invertebrate and vertebrate predators. These predators can find larval prey through visual, tactile, or chemical means and then capture larvae with feeding currents, grasping appendages, suction, or filtering sieves. In response to this predation, crustacean larvae have evolved extensive morphological defenses such as long spines and hard chitinous carapaces. They also exhibit sophisticated behaviors, including extensive vertical and horizontal migrations to avoid encountering predators, rapid darting to evade attacks by nearby predators, and strong swimming to escape after an attack by a predator. Chemical defenses have not yet been documented in crustacean larvae. Interspecific differences in defensive capabilities can be profound, including crab zoeae with spines zero to seven times their body length, and copepod nauplii with dichotomous swimming behaviors that trade off detectability by predators with escape ability. Our review of the literature on predator gut contents and lab feeding experiments found that crustacean larvae are consumed by a vast diversity of predators of all feeding types. These include gray whales, fishes, ascidians, bivalves, octopus larvae, cnidarians, insects, and numerous other crustaceans. Crustacean larvae are important components of many predators’ diets, and the primary food for others, including larvae of commercially important species such as cod. Future research on chemical defenses and phenotypic plasticity are needed to fill gaps in our knowledge of crustacean larval defenses. The predatory threats faced by crustacean larvae and their defensive adaptations have important implications for our understanding of the evolution of larval forms in Crustacea and the factors determining crustacean abundance and distribution.

scholarly journals Induced sterility in fish and its potential and challenges for aquaculture and germ cell transplantation technology: a review

Biologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Golpour ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique ◽  
Diógenes Henrique Siqueira-Silva ◽  
Martin Pšenička
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Germ Cell Transplantation ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Hormone Signalling

AbstractInterest in reproductively sterile fish in aquaculture has prompted research into their production. Several methods are available for inducing sterility and optimizing its application in the global fishery industry. Sterilization can potentially be accomplished through irradiation, surgery, or chemical and hormonal treatment. Alternative approaches include triploidization, hybridization, and generation of new lines via advanced biotechnological techniques. Triploids of many commercially important species have been studied extensively and have been produced on a large scale for many years. Novel approaches, including disruption of gonadotropin releasing hormone signalling and genetic ablation of germ cells, have been developed that are effective in producing infertile fish but have the disadvantage of not being 100% reliable or are impractical for large-scale aquaculture. We review currently used technologies and recent advances in induction of sterility in fish, especially those intended for use in germ cell transplantation. Knowledge of the implications of these approaches remains incomplete, imposing considerable limitations.

Do changes in reef habitats influence relative predation risk on the juvenile Australasian spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875)?

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 839-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hesse ◽  
J. A. Stanley ◽  
A. G. Jeffs
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Small Spatial Scale ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Early Juvenile ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii ◽  
Commercially Important

Kelp habitats are in decline in many temperate coastal regions of the world due to climate change and expansion of populations of grazing urchins. The loss of kelp habitat may influence the vulnerability to predators of the juveniles of commercially important species. In this study relative predation rates for kelp versus barren reef habitat were measured for early juvenile Australasian spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875), on the northeastern coast of New Zealand using tethering methods. Variation in assemblages of predators over small spatial scales appeared to be more important for determining the relative predation of lobsters, regardless of habitat type. Therefore, the assessment of relative predation risk to early juvenile lobsters between kelp and barren habitats will require more extensive sampling at a small spatial scale, as well as a specific focus on sampling during crepuscular and nocturnal periods when these lobsters are most at risk of predation.

scholarly journals Feeding of the Brycon cephalus, Triportheus elongatus and Semaprochilodus insignis (osteichthyes, characiformes) larvae in Solimões/Amazonas River and floodplain areas.

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosseval Galdino LEITE ◽  
Carlos A.R.M. ARAUJO-LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Food Item ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Trophic Relations ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Flooded Forests ◽  
Commercially Important

Information on larval fish feeding is essential for understanding their trophic relations, including the management in conditions totally or partially controlled by humans. An experiment was designed to evaluate the larval diets of three commercially important species. Four varzea-lakes and the adjacent river were sampled with bongo and hand nets from January 1993 to November 1995. Larval diets were evaluated by length-classes and capture sites, and were tested by two factor ANOVA. The larvae were feeding in all habitats, except in the flooded forests. The three species had different diets, which varied with their length and lake. The rotifers were the main initial food item of the three species, replaced by fish larvae in Brycon cephalus, cladocerans in Triportheus elongatus and detritus in Semaprochilodus insignis. The increase of the ingestion limit, as the larvae grew, was higher than the increase in the consumed prey size for the three species.

Possible impacts of zoosporic parasites in diseases of commercially important marine mollusc species: part I. Perkinsozoa

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Gleason ◽  
Osu Lilje ◽  
Cecile Dang ◽  
Sabrina Geraci-Yee ◽  
Jackie L. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Important Species ◽  
Marine Mollusc ◽  
Mollusc Species ◽  
Commercially Important

AbstractThe phylum Perkinsozoa includes well-known parasites of commercially important species of molluscs in aquaculture, such as

Artificial maturation, fertilization, and early development of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata)

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1121-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Oliveira ◽  
W. E. Hable
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
Sargasso Sea ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Elusive Species ◽  
American Eels

Spawning for the American eel ( Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur, 1817)) takes place in secretive locations within the Sargasso Sea, which has thus far prevented investigations of gametogenesis and early development in this ecologically and commercially important species. Attempts to induce maturation and reproduction in this species have been few and have produced limited results, with a single report of the production of gastrula-stage embryos. Here we report the successful maturation of female American eels. Maturation occurred within 13 weeks and ovulation was induced with a single injection of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP). Following in vitro fertilization, embryogenesis through hatching was observed and larvae were maintained for up to 6 days. We show that a crucial factor for successful fertilization is the stage of the oocyte at the time of induced ovulation. Oocytes that had not reached the migratory nucleus stage, or had passed this stage, were not successfully fertilized. These findings demonstrate that American eel can reproduce in the laboratory and previously untestable hypotheses pertaining to the developmental biology of this elusive species can now be explored.

Utilisation of a recovering wetland by a commercially important species of penaeid shrimp

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Hart ◽  
Troy F. Gaston ◽  
Matthew D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Commercially Important
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