Performance evaluation of the commercial aquafeeds available in the market of Pakistan on Channa marulius (Sole)

The present study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of protein on the growth, body composition, amino acid profile and serology of Channa marulius fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in ten happas installed in earthen ponds, each stocked with 10 fishes for 90 days. Four commercial fish feeds having 25%, 30%, 32% and 40% crude protein (CP) levels were fed to fish at 3% of their wet body weight three times a day. The results of the study revealed that highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were observed in 30% protein feed. Meanwhile, moisture content was higher in fish fed with 30% CP feed while highest crude protein was recorded in 40% CP fed fish. Lowest fat content was observed in 32% CP feed. Amino acid profile of fish revealed better results in 30% CP feed. Total protein, glucose and globulin were also highest in fish feeding 30% CP feed, while albumin was highest in 40% CP feed. It is concluded that 30% CP feed showed better results in terms of growth, amino acid profile and serological parameters without effecting fish body composition.

Mesin Pakan Otomatis Guna Meningkatkan Produktifitas Ternak Lele di Desa Sumbersari, Jember Jawa Timur

Catfish is one of the freshwater fish whose demand is increasing every year, both in the form of fresh fish and processed foods. This increase in demand along with the ease of maintenance has made catfish a cultivated commodity that is widely eyed by fish farmers. One of the important aspects in fish farming is the provision of fish feed, although it is relatively easy, but feed management is needed to increase fish production targets. The fish feeding method mostly uses manual sowing on the surface of the pond. This method has weaknesses in terms of labor requirements and the time required if catfish farmers have many ponds, especially if the breeders forget the schedule for fish feeding. The method of implementing this community service consists of socializing activities, presenting material, directing the steps for making automatic fish feeding tools, tool making practices, tool testing and evaluation. The manufacture of this automatic fish feed tool generally consists of making the body of the tool and the assembly of the timer module components. This activity was attended by 20 people who are members of the SYSGA group in Sumbersari District, a community group engaged in catfish farming. The activity went smoothly, the participants seemed enthusiastic during the activity. Further monitoring is needed to determine the level of effectiveness and efficiency of catfish production by breeders after the use of automatic fish feed equipment.

A comparison of the retinal structure in the zebra-snout seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri Jordan & Richardson, 1908) between juveniles and adults in captivity

The activity of the sensory organ in the eye structure of the teleost fish is essential as it plays an important role in regulating fish-feeding behaviours. Unfortunately, the above information of zebra-snout seahorse Hippocampus barbouri, an aquaculture species in Thailand, has not been described. In this study, the eye structure, together with the retinal structure of juvenile [5th and 20th day after birth (DAB)] and adult (35th DAB), H. barbouri reared in captivity was investigated. All DABs were carried out and histologically observed. Light microscopic level explored the external-lateral surface of eye structure of H. barbouri, which consisted of the external, middle, and inner layers, as similarly reported in other teleost species. A well-differentiated retinal and photoreceptor cell layer were observed at 35th DAB compared to that at other DABs. This feature might be adequate to support the base of the increased feeding activity of adult seahorse in captivity for further research.

Ecological and Pharmacological Activities of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) from the Indonesian Marine Sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea

Two known Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)phenol (1d) and 3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)phenol (2b), were isolated from the Indonesian marine sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea. The structure was confirmed using 13C chemical shift average deviation and was compared to the predicted structures and recorded chemical shifts in previous studies. We found a wide range of bioactivities from the organic crude extract, such as (1) a strong deterrence against the generalist pufferfish Canthigaster solandri, (2) potent inhibition against environmental and human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains, and (3) the inhibition of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). The addition of a bromine atom into the A-ring of compound 2b resulted in higher fish feeding deterrence compared to compound 1d. On the contrary, compound 2b showed only more potent inhibition against the Gram-negative bacteria Rhodotorula glutinis (MIC 2.1 μg/mL), while compound 1d showed more powerful inhibition against the other human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The first report of a chemical defense by compounds 1d and 2b against fish feeding and environmental relevant bacteria, especially pathogenic bacteria, might be one reason for the widespread occurrence of the shallow water sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea in Indonesia and the Indo-Pacific.

ROBOT APUNG PEMBERI PAKAN IKAN KOLAM AIR TAWAR BERBASIS ARDUINO

The need for fish is increasing every year. Because it is increasing every year, fish farming must be increased in line with the use of improved fish farming technology. So that it requires an adequate technological structure and mechanization. Based on this background, the arduino-based floating robot for feeding freshwater pond fish is designed to be able to apply technology that is useful in feeding farmed fish. The arduino based floating robot fish feeding freshwater fish pond using Arduino Mega 2560 as its microcontroller, 4 Sharp 2Y0A21 sensors that function to detect pond walls, RTC functions as a timer so that it can feed fish according to the time set on the tool, LCD functions as the information viewer of the tool, the L298N motor driver controls the DC motor and the servo motor functions as the opening or closing of the food valve on the appliance. In the test, the arduino based floating robot fish feeding freshwater fish pond is able to float in water and can feed fish based on the time available on the tool. The Sharp 2Y0A21 sensor as a pool wall detector has a distance reading in the range of 1 millimeter to 10 centimeter. The robot can avoid the pool wall with a span of 3 - 7 seconds, this is influenced, among others, by surging water, wind, sensor response, and DC motors.

A Visual Aquaculture System Using a Cloud-Based Autonomous Drones

This paper presents a low-cost and cloud-based autonomous drone system to survey and monitor aquaculture sites. We incorporated artificial intelligence (AI) services using computer vision and combined various deep learning recognition models to achieve scalability and added functionality, in order to perform aquaculture surveillance tasks. The recognition model is embedded in the aquaculture cloud, to analyze images and videos captured by the autonomous drone. The recognition models detect people, cages, and ship vessels at the aquaculture site. The inclusion of AI functions for face recognition, fish counting, fish length estimation and fish feeding intensity provides intelligent decision making. For the fish feeding intensity assessment, the large amount of data in the aquaculture cloud can be an input for analysis using the AI feeding system to optimize farmer production and income. The autonomous drone and aquaculture cloud services are cost-effective and an alternative to expensive surveillance systems and multiple fixed-camera installations. The aquaculture cloud enables the drone to execute its surveillance task more efficiently with an increased navigation time. The mobile drone navigation app is capable of sending surveillance alerts and reports to users. Our multifeatured surveillance system, with the integration of deep-learning models, yielded high-accuracy results.

Identifying The Working Process Of Automatic Fish Feed Tool Based On Arduino Uno

This Arduino-Based Automatic Fish Feeding Tool is a tool that serves to make it easier to care for fish in the aquarium, especially the feeding. The purpose of making this automatic fish feed tool is to explain about the automatic fish feed tool. The ability of this tool is that it can provide feed automatically with the given time plan is feeding 2 times a day and for the amount of feed dose adjusted to the number of servo motor rotations, namely 1 rotation of 150˚, resulting in a feed dose of 10 Grams. With the working method using the Arduino IDE application and with the Arduino Uno working system, a command coding is given which is combined with the Uno shield board then jumper to the RTC DS3231 so that it can show the time very accurately and update the time data in real time.

Social effects on AVT and CRF systems

Stress and aggression have negative effects on fish welfare and productivity in aquaculture. Thus, research to understand aggression and stress in farmed fish is required. The neuropeptides arginine-vasotocin (AVT) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) are involved in the control of stress and aggression. Therefore, we investigated the effect of agonistic interactions on the gene expression of AVT, CRF and their receptors in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The social interactions lead to a clear dominant-subordinate relationship with dominant fish feeding more and being more aggressive. Subordinate fish had an upregulation of the AVT receptor (AVT-R), an upregulation of CRF mRNA levels, and higher plasma cortisol levels. The attenuating effect of AVT on aggression in rainbow trout is proposed to be mediated by AVT-R, and the attenuating effect of the CRF system is proposed to be mediated by CRF.