Point and diffuse load of nutrients to the Baltic Sea by river basins of North East Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Behrendt ◽  
A. Bachor
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Nutrient Emissions ◽  
The Baltic

The results of a study on the riverine nutrient emissions and loads of nine river basins of the country Mecklenburg-Vorpommern to the Baltic Sea are presented for the period 1992 to 1994. The basins represent about 76% of the Baltic Sea catchment area of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The population living in the basins causes point emissions of 1752 tN/a and 293 tP/a. The analysis of diffuse emissions of nutrients is based on digitized maps of the land use and the soil types, the livestock numbers in the basins and measurements on the nutrient concentrations in the groundwater and drainage areas. The used method considers different pathways of diffuse sources as load from urban areas, erosion, load by groundwater, and drainage systems, atmospheric deposition, and direct load by agricultural activities. The dominant pathway of nitrogen emissions is the emissions of drainage. For phosphorus the emissions by erosion, groundwater and drainage are the main sources. The emissions of point sources contribute to the total emissions to 10% (N) and 25% (P), respectively. The measured nutrient load at the monitoring stations of the rivers is in all cases lower than the sum of the nutrient emissions. This behaviour can be explained by intensive retention processes in the rivers, which depends on the specific runoff, and for nitrogen additionally on the area of surface water in the basin. Measures against the high nutrient load have to be focussed on the reduction of diffuse sources, especially the emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus by drainage systems have to be reduced, and additionally in the case of phosphorus the emissions by erosion and by direct agricultural load.

scholarly journals Remediating Agricultural Legacy Nutrient Loads in the Baltic Sea Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3872
Author(s):  
Julia Tanzer ◽  
Ralf Hermann ◽  
Ludwig Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Nutrient Emissions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Agricultural Legacy

The Baltic Sea is considered the marine water body most severely affected by eutrophication within Europe. Due to its limited water exchange nutrients have a particularly long residence time in the sea. While several studies have analysed the costs of reducing current nutrient emissions, the costs for remediating legacy nutrient loads of past emissions remain unknown. Although the Baltic Sea is a comparatively well-monitored region, current data and knowledge is insufficient to provide a sound quantification of legacy nutrient loads and much less their abatement costs. A first rough estimation of agricultural legacy nutrient loads yields an accumulation of 0.5–4.0 Mt N and 0.3–1.2 Mt P in the Baltic Sea and 0.4–0.5 Mt P in agricultural soils within the catchment. The costs for removing or immobilising this amount of nutrients via deep water oxygenation, mussel farming and soil gypsum amendment are in the range of few tens to over 100 billion €. These preliminary results are meant as a basis for future studies and show that while requiring serious commitment to funding and implementation, remediating agricultural legacy loads is not infeasible and may even provide economic benefits to local communities in the long run.

Organohalogens of Natural and Industrial Origin in Large Recipients of Bleach-Plant Effluents

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grimvall ◽  
H. Borén ◽  
S. Jonsson ◽  
S. Karlsson ◽  
R. Sävenhed
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Organic Halogens

The long-term fate of chlorophenols and adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) was studied in two large recipients of bleach-plant effluents: Lake Vättern in Sweden and the Baltic Sea. The study showed that there is a long-distance transport (>100 km) of chloroguaiacols from bleach-plants to remote parts of receiving waters. However, there was no evidence of several-year-long accumulation of chloro-organics in the water-phase. A simple water-exchange model for Lake Vättern showed that the cumulated bleach-plant discharges from the past 35 years would have increased the AOX concentration in the lake by more than 100 µg Cl/l, if no AOX had been removed from the water by evaporation, sedimentation or degradation. However, the observed AOX concentration in Lake Vättern averaged only about 15 µg Cl/l, which was less than the average AOX concentration (32 µg Cl/l) in the “unpolluted” tributaries of the lake. Similar investigations in the Baltic Sea showed that non-point sources, including natural halogenation processes, accounted for a substantial fraction of the AOX in the open sea. The presence of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in precipitation and “unpolluted” surface waters showed that non-point sources may also make a considerable contribution to the background levels of compounds normally regarded as indicators of bleach-plant effluents.

scholarly journals Hydrological and hydrochemical underpinnings of primary production and division of the Russian sector in the Gdansk basin of the Baltic sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
E. A. Kudryavtseva ◽  
S. V. Aleksandrov
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Russian Sector ◽  
The Baltic

The distribution patterns of absolute and specific values of primary production in the upper 10-m layer depending on the physical and chemical condition of the marine environment (temperature, salinity, depth, bottom topography and configuration of the coastline, and nutrient concentrations) were distinguished in the Russian sector in the Gdansk Basin of the Baltic Sea based on long-term research data (2003–2015). Based on the results, the considered water area was divided into five regions: Cape Taran, the base of the Curonian Spit, the plateau of Rybachy, the open sea, and the Gdansk Bay (northeastern part). These regions are characterized by higher correlations of primary production and parameters of the marine environment compared to regression analysis for the regions distinguished by bathymetry. Primary production is the most closely correlated with temperature over the entire water area and with nutrients concentrations in seaward regions.

scholarly journals Nutrient transports in the Baltic Sea – results from a 30-year physical–biogeochemical reanalysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2113-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
H. E. Markus Meier ◽  
Kari Eilola
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Riga ◽  
Baltic Proper ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Long-term oxygen and nutrient transports in the Baltic Sea are reconstructed using the Swedish Coastal and Ocean Biogeochemical model (SCOBI) coupled to the Rossby Centre Ocean model (RCO). Two simulations with and without data assimilation covering the period 1970–1999 are carried out. Here, the weakly coupled scheme with the Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI) method is adopted to assimilate observed profiles in the reanalysis system. The reanalysis shows considerable improvement in the simulation of both oxygen and nutrient concentrations relative to the free run. Further, the results suggest that the assimilation of biogeochemical observations has a significant effect on the simulation of the oxygen-dependent dynamics of biogeochemical cycles. From the reanalysis, nutrient transports between sub-basins, between the coastal zone and the open sea, and across latitudinal and longitudinal cross sections are calculated. Further, the spatial distributions of regions with nutrient import or export are examined. Our results emphasize the important role of the Baltic proper for the entire Baltic Sea, with large net transport (export minus import) of nutrients from the Baltic proper into the surrounding sub-basins (except the net phosphorus import from the Gulf of Riga and the net nitrogen import from the Gulf of Riga and Danish Straits). In agreement with previous studies, we found that the Bothnian Sea imports large amounts of phosphorus from the Baltic proper that are retained in this sub-basin. For the calculation of sub-basin budgets, the location of the lateral borders of the sub-basins is crucial, because net transports may change sign with the location of the border. Although the overall transport patterns resemble the results of previous studies, our calculated estimates differ in detail considerably.

Assessment of biogenous load on the Gulf of Finland exerted from the Russian territory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Voronov ◽  
Nataly Victorova ◽  
Dmitry Shilov
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Russian Territory ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

<p>The purpose of the essay was analysis and evaluation of the load generated by pollutants in the Russian part of the catchment area directly entering the Baltic Sea, as well as consideration of pro-rata contribution of all sources in the formation of factual biogenous load at the catchment areas of rivers flowing into the Gulf of Finland.</p><p>The assessment of biogenous load was made on the basis of observation data, statistical reporting data, mathematical modelling data and additional monitoring data for bodies of water in previously uncontrolled areas. To assess the amount of biogenous input from uncontrolled tributaries of the Gulf of Finland, field observations of the discharge and concentration of pollutants over a number of past years were analyzed and generalized.</p><p>It is noted that there has been a tendency towards reduction of pollutants for a number of substances in the last decade, as shown by the analysis. It is demonstrated that a significant decrease is due to reduced load from point sources that discharge pollutants directly to the Baltic Sea and its bays. Some proposals are presented for improving the Russian system of monitoring the load exerted on water bodies.</p>

Point sources of nutrient pollution in the lowland river catchment in the context of the Baltic Sea eutrophication

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Kiedrzyńska ◽  
Marcin Kiedrzyński ◽  
Magdalena Urbaniak ◽  
Artur Magnuszewski ◽  
Maciej Skłodowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nutrient Pollution ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Anthropogenic nutrient load of the Baltic Sea

Limnologica ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Nausch ◽  
Dietwart Nehring ◽  
Gunni Aertebjerg
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic
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