Spatial properties of nutrient concentrations in the Baltic Sea

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Sand�n ◽  
�sa Danielsson
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Hydrological and hydrochemical underpinnings of primary production and division of the Russian sector in the Gdansk basin of the Baltic sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
E. A. Kudryavtseva ◽  
S. V. Aleksandrov
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Russian Sector ◽  
The Baltic

The distribution patterns of absolute and specific values of primary production in the upper 10-m layer depending on the physical and chemical condition of the marine environment (temperature, salinity, depth, bottom topography and configuration of the coastline, and nutrient concentrations) were distinguished in the Russian sector in the Gdansk Basin of the Baltic Sea based on long-term research data (2003–2015). Based on the results, the considered water area was divided into five regions: Cape Taran, the base of the Curonian Spit, the plateau of Rybachy, the open sea, and the Gdansk Bay (northeastern part). These regions are characterized by higher correlations of primary production and parameters of the marine environment compared to regression analysis for the regions distinguished by bathymetry. Primary production is the most closely correlated with temperature over the entire water area and with nutrients concentrations in seaward regions.

Quantifying Background Nutrient Concentrations in Coastal Waters: A Case Study from an Urban Embayment of the Baltic Sea

AMBIO ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarina Weckström ◽  
Steve Juggins ◽  
Atte Korhola
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Nutrient transports in the Baltic Sea – results from a 30-year physical–biogeochemical reanalysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2113-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
H. E. Markus Meier ◽  
Kari Eilola
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Riga ◽  
Baltic Proper ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Long-term oxygen and nutrient transports in the Baltic Sea are reconstructed using the Swedish Coastal and Ocean Biogeochemical model (SCOBI) coupled to the Rossby Centre Ocean model (RCO). Two simulations with and without data assimilation covering the period 1970–1999 are carried out. Here, the weakly coupled scheme with the Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI) method is adopted to assimilate observed profiles in the reanalysis system. The reanalysis shows considerable improvement in the simulation of both oxygen and nutrient concentrations relative to the free run. Further, the results suggest that the assimilation of biogeochemical observations has a significant effect on the simulation of the oxygen-dependent dynamics of biogeochemical cycles. From the reanalysis, nutrient transports between sub-basins, between the coastal zone and the open sea, and across latitudinal and longitudinal cross sections are calculated. Further, the spatial distributions of regions with nutrient import or export are examined. Our results emphasize the important role of the Baltic proper for the entire Baltic Sea, with large net transport (export minus import) of nutrients from the Baltic proper into the surrounding sub-basins (except the net phosphorus import from the Gulf of Riga and the net nitrogen import from the Gulf of Riga and Danish Straits). In agreement with previous studies, we found that the Bothnian Sea imports large amounts of phosphorus from the Baltic proper that are retained in this sub-basin. For the calculation of sub-basin budgets, the location of the lateral borders of the sub-basins is crucial, because net transports may change sign with the location of the border. Although the overall transport patterns resemble the results of previous studies, our calculated estimates differ in detail considerably.

scholarly journals Nutrient cycling in the Baltic Sea – results from a 30-year physical-biogeochemical reanalysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
H. E. Markus Meier ◽  
Kari Eilola
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Phosphorus Transport ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Riga ◽  
Baltic Proper ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The long-term oxygen and nutrient cycles in the Baltic Sea are reconstructed using the Swedish Coastal and Ocean Biogeochemical model (SCOBI) coupled to the Rossby Centre Ocean model (RCO). Two simulations covering the period 1970–1999 are carried out with and without data assimilation, respectively. Here, the "weakly coupled" scheme with the Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI) method is adopted to assimilate the observed profiles in the reanalysis system. The simulation results show considerable improvements in both oxygen and nutrient concentrations in the reanalysis relative to the free run. Further, the results suggest that the assimilation of biogeochemical observations has a significant effect on the simulation of the oxygen dependent dynamics of biogeochemical cycles. From the reanalysis, nutrient transports between subbasins, between the coastal zone and the open sea, and across latitudinal and longitudinal cross sections, are calculated. Further, bottom areas of nutrient import or export are examined. Our results emphasize the important role of the Baltic proper for the entire Baltic Sea, with large net exports of nutrients into the surrounding subbasins (except the phosphorus transport into the Gulf of Riga and the nitrogen transports into the Gulf of Riga and Danish Straits). In agreement with previous studies, we found that the Bothnian Sea imports large amounts of phosphorus from the Baltic proper that are buried in this subbasin. For the calculation of subbasin budgets, it is crucial where the lateral borders of the subbasins are located, because net transports may change sign with the location of the border. Although the overall transport patterns resemble the results of previous studies, our calculated estimates differ in detail considerably.

Reduction of nutrient emission from Polish territory into the Baltic Sea (1988–2014) confronted with real environmental needs and international requirements

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Pastuszak ◽  
Andreas C. Bryhn ◽  
Lars Håkanson ◽  
Per Stålnacke ◽  
Mariusz Zalewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Nutrient Emission ◽  
Helsinki Commission ◽  
Oder River ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea is considered a major threat to its ecological status. We present and discuss Polish riverine flow normalized loads of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) discharged into the Baltic Sea in (i)1988–2014, (ii) periods of maximum TN (1992–1994), TP (1988–1991) emission, (iii) the reference period (1997–2003) established by the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM), (iv) 2012–2014, last years of our study. Despite considerable nutrient load reductions prior to the HELCOM reference period, Poland is expected to reduce TN and TP loads by 30% and 66%, respectively. In the light of our historical and up-to-date findings defining ecological status of the Baltic Sea, we suggest that the proposed TP load reduction is overestimated and its realization may lead to (i) undesirable consequences for the Baltic ecosystem, (ii) would require a decline in TP concentrations to 0.067 mg P dm-3 (the Vistula River) and 0.083 mg P dm-3 (the Oder River), values reported for pre-industrial times. The current nutrient concentrations in the Vistula and Oder safely comply with the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. We also comment on the top-down and bottom-up effect resulting in quantitative and qualitative reorganization of the Baltic ecosystem, a phenomenon already observed in the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals Phosphorus flows on ships: Case study from the Baltic Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Wilewska-Bien ◽  
Lena Granhag ◽  
Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen ◽  
Lasse Johansson ◽  
Karin Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
The Baltic

Material flow analysis is used to identify and quantify the flow of phosphorus (P) in ship-generated food waste and wastewater. Passenger, cruise, RoPax and cargo ships in the Baltic Sea were investigated in three scenarios: (1) if all waste is discharged to sea, (2) if all waste is disposed of ashore or (3) if the food waste fraction is disposed of ashore and wastewater is treated on-board. About 107 tonnes of P is generated annually in the waste streams, with highest contribution of approximately 62 tonnes (58%) from wastewater in the ship-category RoPax. Approximately 24 tonnes of P is contained in the food waste generated by the ships in the study. Forthcoming regulations over allowed nutrient concentrations in sewage will lead to 80% reduction in P from passenger ships and can reduce about 31 tonnes of P entering the Baltic Sea environment. If both sewage and grey water instead are offloaded in port reception facilities, about 76 tonnes of P-reduction to the sea can be reached. As most phosphorus recovery practices currently only are available on land it is recommended to direct the waste streams to port reception facilities for further treatment ashore.

scholarly journals Trends, insights and effects of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) implementation in the light of the Polish coastal zone eutrophication

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-354
Author(s):  
Michał Preisner ◽  
Marzena Smol ◽  
Dominika Szołdrowska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

AbstractThe intensification of the Baltic Sea eutrophication is associated with the increase of anthropogenic nutrients loads, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus introduced into surface waters from a diffuse, point and natural background sources. Despite the observed decreasing trends in nutrient concentrations in some parts of the Baltic Sea, eutrophication-related indicators continue to deteriorate. This accelerates harmful algal blooms and dissolved oxygen deficits resulting in severe ecosystem disturbance. The paper presents trends, insights and effects of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC implementation in Poland based on the nutrient riverine loads from Polish territory with particular attention given to the development of municipal wastewater treatment plants under the National Wastewater Treatment Programme 2003–2016. Environmental effects of wastewater infrastructure modernisation are investigated by using available data on the changing nutrient concentrations in the coastal water in 3 basins (Gdansk Basin, Bornholm Basin and Eastern Gotland Basin) belonging to the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone within the Baltic Sea. The results show that the decreasing trend regarding phosphorus loads reduction from municipal effluents was achieved while a stable trend with temporary increases was achieved in terms of nitrogen loads. Moreover, the investigation provides information about the potential bioavailability of discharged effluents before and after the Directive implementation by including total and inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the analysis.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes of the concentrations of mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in watercourses in the agricultural catchment area (Bay of Puck, Baltic Sea, Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 986-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wojciechowska ◽  
N. Nawrot ◽  
K. Matej-Łukowicz ◽  
M. Gajewska ◽  
H. Obarska-Pempkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Biogenic Compounds ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract The Baltic Region countries are obliged to meet the stringent limits of N and P discharge set by HELCOM for 2021. Area sources of pollution, including agriculture, are considered the main contributors of biogenic compounds. The Bay of Puck as an inner part of the Baltic Sea is particularly sensitive to eutrophication caused by nutrient inflow from agricultural lands. Rivers and streams inflowing to the Bay of Puck transport nitrogen and phosphorus compounds washed out from fields. The article discusses concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds measured during annual research (VII.2017 – VI.2018) at three watercourses: Płutnica, Reda and Błądzikowski Stream inflowing to the Bay of Puck. The concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.13 mg/L N-NO2, from 0.39 to 7.55 mg/L N-NO3, from 0.03 to 0.58 mg/L N-NH4, from 0.44 to 9.51 mg/L TN, from 0.05 to 0.45 mg/L P-PO4 and from 0.03 to 1.89 mg/L TP. Seasonal changes of nutrient concentrations were observed, with maximum concentrations of nitrates in August and September after application of fertilizers to arable land.

Point and diffuse load of nutrients to the Baltic Sea by river basins of North East Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Behrendt ◽  
A. Bachor
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Nutrient Emissions ◽  
The Baltic

The results of a study on the riverine nutrient emissions and loads of nine river basins of the country Mecklenburg-Vorpommern to the Baltic Sea are presented for the period 1992 to 1994. The basins represent about 76% of the Baltic Sea catchment area of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The population living in the basins causes point emissions of 1752 tN/a and 293 tP/a. The analysis of diffuse emissions of nutrients is based on digitized maps of the land use and the soil types, the livestock numbers in the basins and measurements on the nutrient concentrations in the groundwater and drainage areas. The used method considers different pathways of diffuse sources as load from urban areas, erosion, load by groundwater, and drainage systems, atmospheric deposition, and direct load by agricultural activities. The dominant pathway of nitrogen emissions is the emissions of drainage. For phosphorus the emissions by erosion, groundwater and drainage are the main sources. The emissions of point sources contribute to the total emissions to 10% (N) and 25% (P), respectively. The measured nutrient load at the monitoring stations of the rivers is in all cases lower than the sum of the nutrient emissions. This behaviour can be explained by intensive retention processes in the rivers, which depends on the specific runoff, and for nitrogen additionally on the area of surface water in the basin. Measures against the high nutrient load have to be focussed on the reduction of diffuse sources, especially the emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus by drainage systems have to be reduced, and additionally in the case of phosphorus the emissions by erosion and by direct agricultural load.

scholarly journals Model study on horizontal variability of nutrient N/P ratio in the Baltic Sea and its impacts on primary production, nitrogen fixation and nutrient limitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Wan ◽  
H. Bi ◽  
J. She ◽  
M. Maar ◽  
L. Jonasson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The analysis of measured nutrient concentrations suggests that the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) alteration before and after spring blooms relative to the alteration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) remains quite constant over the years (2000~2009). This ratio differs from the Redfield ratio and varies from 6.6 : 1 to 41.5 : 1 across basins within the Baltic Sea. If the found N/P ratios are indicators of phytoplankton stoichiometry, this would affect nutrient cycles in ecosystem models. We therefore tested the effects of using horizontally variable N/P ratio instead of fixed ratio (N/P = 10 : 1 or 16 : 1) on phytoplankton uptake and remineralization in a 3-D physical-biogeochemical coupled model ERGOM. The model results using the variable N/P ratio show systematical improvements in model performance in comparison with the fixed ratios. In addition, variable N/P ratios greatly affected the model estimated primary production, nitrogen fixation and nutrient limitation, which highlights the importance of using an accurate N/P ratio.

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