Non-point pollution from China's rural areas and its countermeasures

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-Q. Yin ◽  
C.-F. Yang ◽  
B.-Q. Shan ◽  
G.-B. Li ◽  
D.-L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Point Pollution ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

Most lakes in the eastern part of China are eutrophic and non-point pollution accounts for more than half of the nutrient load to the lakes and reservoirs. Some efforts have been made to reduce the non-point source pollution in the catchments of sensitive water bodies. Technologies for the control of non-point pollution in Chinese rural areas are multipond systems, biogas fermentation, hilly area ecological agriculture, constructed wetlands, ecotone engineering and others. They are effective in the removal of nutrients from the runoff water or reduction of waste, and they are used with multi-purposes. To control non-point pollution, the cooperation with farmers and other residents in the countryside is the key to success, and the program has to consider their benefits. There are still many difficulties with its control, and more efforts are needed to develop suitable technologies and environmental education.

scholarly journals A Comparison Study of Runoff Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution from Three Watersheds in South Korea

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minji Park ◽  
Young Soon Choi ◽  
Hyung Jin Shin ◽  
Inhong Song ◽  
Chun Gyeong Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Point Pollution ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution ◽  
Rainy Days

Three watersheds in Korea (Dochoncheon, Gongjicheon, Seolseongcheon) with different land cover characteristics were selected for non-point source pollution monitoring. Event mean concentration (EMC) was calculated, and runoff characteristics were compared through first-flushing and statistical analyses. The mean of the water quality parameters was the highest in Seolseongcheon during dry days among the three watersheds. EMCs of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) were higher in Dochoncheon and Gongjicheon during rainy days, respectively. The upper Seolseongchun watershed showed overall greater values of chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total organic carbon (TOC), and total phosphorus (TP). First-flush analyses indicated that SS had the strongest and TN had the weakest effects on the first flush. BOD was the highest in Dochoncheon (urban watershed) and increased with increased number of antecedent dry days. Rainfall intensity appeared to affect SS runoff strongly in Gongjicheon and Seolseongcheon. COD showed strong correlation with SS and TOC in all watersheds, and organic matter (COD and TOC) demonstrated high factor loads during dry and rainy days. Thus, organic matter–related factors were classified as the major factors in pollutant loads. TP and TN were separately classified during dry days in Gongjicheon and Seolseongcheon, whereas these were the secondary factors during rainfall when the influence of non-point pollution was substantial. Cluster analyses showed that the monitoring sites in Dochoncheon and Gongjicheon watersheds were closer than Seolseongcheon. As a result of the comparison of non-point source pollution runoff in the three watersheds, it was difficult to explain the non-point source pollution runoff by specific characteristics such as land cover. For science-based management of non-point pollution, it is necessary to obtain additional survey data considering the climatic, geographical and major industries.

Analysis and Improvement of Livestock Wastes Collection System in Rural Areas — A Case Study of Erhai Lake Watershed

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3275-3281
Author(s):  
Guang Fei Qu ◽  
Yu Huan Liu ◽  
Ping Ning ◽  
Xiang Feng Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Erhai Lake ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

Housing feeding is scattering in most part of China. The dislocation between the date of getting livestock wastes out and the fertilization date and also a shortage of supervision have been making a serious loss of livestock wastes and be a reason of agricultural non-point source pollution. The collection mode which befits the northern valley of Erhai Lake is proposed by considering the characteristics of rural non-point source pollution and the status of wastes collection and treatment facilities. The conclusion that the decentralized collection should be taken the place of centralized collection is also come to at last.

Ecotechnological methods for managing non-point source pollution in watersheds, lakes and reservoirs

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Straškraba
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Pollution Management ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Technological Means ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

Ecotechnological methods are considered those using technological means for environmental management in a way to minimize the harm to the global environment. Three reasons to use ecotechnological methods are given: they are cheap, minimize the use of raw materials and protect the global environment. In the article the most cost-efficient and environmentally friendly ecotechnologies for non-point source pollution management are given. These are divided into two categories: those done in the watershed and those used within the lake or reservoir. In the first category wetland use, restoration and construction is shown to efficiently reduce different kinds of pollution. The construction of small pre-impoundments is effective for trapping phosphorus as the main cause of eutrophication. In the category of in-lake approaches several are mentioned: biomanipulation or food web manipulation leading to decreased eutrophication, many approaches of mixing and aeration based on recent limnological knowledge, selective withdrawal as a manipulation of outflow and drinking water intake depths in reservoirs, the diversion of polluted inflow waters and sucking of hypolimnion waters. The limitations of the methods are given. Mathematical models helpful in optimizing the use of the corresponding methods are shown.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Treatment Efficencies of Pollutants in Juksancheon Constructed Wetlands for Treating Non-point Source Pollution

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ik-Won Choi ◽  
Dong-Cheol Seo ◽  
Se-Won Kang ◽  
Sang-Gyu Lee ◽  
Young-Jin Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution
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