Heavy metal contents and mobility of artificially inundated grasslands along River Weser, Germany

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 507-514
Author(s):  
C. Erber ◽  
P. Felix-Henningsen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Metal Enrichment ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The One

At the beginning of the 20th century municipal wastewater was used to fertilize grassland in the freshwater marsh of the river Weser. In 1987, 150 ha of the marsh became part of a mitigation area with artificial inundation during winter and spring. Heavy metal input may be expected from former wastewater treatment and artificial flooding nowadays. In addition, inundation may increase the availability of heavy metals that were accumulated during municipal wastewater treatment. In order to get an idea of heavy metal content and availability, the content of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn of the soil, the vegetation, and the input due to inundation were determined. Metal enrichment in the epipedon is evident for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Total content of Pb and Zn exceed the precaution limit. Soils treated with wastewater seems to contain more heavy metals than the ones without. Inundation causes an input of metals, but it is very low and varies in a broad range. Metal input is higher by atmospheric deposition than the one due to inundation. Degree of enrichment can be arranged in the order: atmospheric deposition > municipal wastewater >> inundation. In shallow ditch soils heavy metals are becoming more available.

Study on Variation Trends of Heavy Metals Contents in Process of Sludge Energy Utilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Ying Xie ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Chong Li Xu ◽  
Yuan Feng Hui ◽  
Wen Jing Ou Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Application of sludge-to-energy is an important direction for disposal of sludge, and it is necessary to provide the contents change of heavy metals in sludge. Through sampling in situ and analysis in laboratory, distributions of seven heavy metals in five kinds of sludge, which were come from wastewater treatment plant of Jilin Petrochemical Company of Petro China, were studied, and contents change of heavy metals in the course of sludge-to-energy were analyzed. The results were compared with the other sludge in the factory and municipal wastewater treatment plants and the national standard. The results showed that the heavy metal contents are different in the different sludge, and the mean is Fe>Cu>Zn>Mn>Pb >Cr>Cd, the total content distributions from high to low is incinerated sludge, chemical sludge, activated sludge, neutralization sludge, digested sludge. Contents of Cu and Zn exceeded the the mean of 44 municipal wastewater treatment plants and GB18918-2002. After biogas of digested sludge and energy of incinerated sludge were recovered, heavy metal contents exceeded in varying degrees, which were paid more attention for treatment and utilization.

scholarly journals From laboratory experiment to large scale application: case studies of the phytoremediation of chemical agents of agents of the sludge fields at Kharkiv wastewater treatment plant, Ukraine

2007 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Nataliia Suchkova ◽  
Yuri Vergeles
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
In Situ Experiments

The contamination of the sewage sludge fields of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by heavy metals, hydrocarbons or other pollutants is a major environmental problem. Sludge can retain up to 96% of all the metals entering the WWTPs in sewage, therefore, when it is disposed to land, heavy metals will be accumulated in the soil. Effects of heavy metal accumulation are long lasting and even permanent. Phytotoxicity is the main problem, although metals can be transferred directly to man via vegetables and other crops or indirectly via animals, primarily cattle, eating herbage (zootoxic). The common metals in sludge are Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Cd which are generally the most toxic metal found in high concentration.Conventional treatment techniques of contaminated territory suffer from serious shortcomings which limit their applicability and efficiency. These include high cost and maintenance requirements, the need to transfer the contamination from one medium to another, and the extended duration of the operation. Alternatives to these treatments lie in in­situ phytoremediation. Plants are among the most tolerant organisms to pollution, which emphasizes their utility for the detoxification or degradation of pollutants. The concept of phytoremediation was inspired by the discovery of hyper-accumulators, most of which belong to the botanical families Brassicaceae, Poaceae, Papilionaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Asteraceae, which provide most of the candidates for heavy metal phytoremediation. Two other families are important - the Salicaceae with the genera Salix and Populus, which are effective against a range of pollutants; and the Betaceae which contribute species effective against salt ions and small (few rings) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Some Asteraceae species have been shown to be good phytoremediants of radionuclide pollution [ I ].This paper summarizes the results obtained from laboratory, as well as from in-situ experiments (sludge fields at Kharkiv's WWTP, total area is approx. 126 ha) which focused on phytoremediation methodologies for the removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge.

Treatment of Excess Sludge Containing Heavy Metal by Chemical Ways

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Zhi Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The concentration of heavy metals in excess sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants has restricted its convertion to soil fertilizer, so it is necessary to remove the heavy metals from sludge. In this article, the effects of heavy metal removal by some mineral acids such as HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, HNO3 were analysed, when treating excess sludge from a second sediment tank in municipal wastewater treatment plants. To improve the treatment, a combination of H2O2 and acid was also investigated. Consequently, the difference of heavy metal removal among those acids was showed. Its removal of Hg by HNO3 was better than by other acids. Lower pH enhanced the dissolving of heavy metal, yet the removal of Cr was insensitive to the pH. Aided by H2O2, the removal by the acid was enhanced. The suitable dosage of H2O2 was specially related to the solid content of sludge, pH and the acid kind.

Heavy Metals in Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludges in the Czech Republic

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 429-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sedláček ◽  
T. Just
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Since 1987 operators of municipal wastewater treatment plants, having the population equivalent over 5 000, monitor systematically heavy metals in sludges, based on one or two samplings on the average annually. Generally, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn are monitored: since 1989 Hg is becoming the centre of systematic attention. Occasional data are available on concentrated Ag, Co, As and Mo. These data were collected and ordered by the authors of the paper. On their basis lines of exceedance were plotted and sets were prepared, characterizing both localities with the common level of the sludge contamination, and with the extremely low contamination level reflecting the condition that could be achieved if measures limiting the heavy metal input into public sewerage systems were adopted. The results achieved were compared with heavy metal concentration limits, as determined in the Industrial composts standard, both for raw materials used for the compost production, and for composts of Ist and IInd grades. With a view to the general environmental contamination, and considering the present economic and agricultural use, the input raw materials should meet the demands that are required under the standard for the prepared composts.

scholarly journals Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Spanos ◽  
Antoaneta Ene ◽  
Chrysoula Styliani Patronidou ◽  
Christina Xatzixristou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chromium Species ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Metal Contents

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations of selected heavy metals level in anaerobic fermented and dewatered sewage sludge. Sewage sludge samples were collected in different seasons and years from three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Northern Greece, in Kavala (Kavala and Palio localities) and Drama (Drama locality) Prefectures. An investigation of the potential of sludge utilization in agriculture was performed, based on the comparison of average total heavy metal concentrations and of chromium species (hexavalent, trivalent) concentrations with the allowed values according to the Council Directive 86/278/EEC and Greek national legislation (Joint Cabinet Decision 80568/4225/91) guidelines. In this regard, all the investigated heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg) and chromium species Cr(VI) and Cr(III) have average concentrations (dry matter weight) well below the legislated thresholds for soil application, as following: 2.12 mg kg−1Cd; 103.7 mg kg−1Cr; 136.4 mg kg−1Cu; < 0.2 mg kg−1Hg; 29.1 mg kg−1Ni; 62.0 mg kg−1Pb; 1253.2 mg kg−1Zn; 1.56 mg kg−1Cr(VI) and 115.7 mg kg−1Cr(III). Values of relative standard deviation (RSD) indicate a low or moderate temporal variability for domestic-related metals Zn (10.3-14.7%), Pb (27.9-44.5%) and Cu (33.5-34.2%), and high variability for the metals of mixed origin or predominantly resulted from commercial activities, such as Ni (42.4-50.7%), Cd (44.3-85.5%) and Cr (58.2-102.0%). For some elements the seasonal occurrence pattern is the same for Kavala and Palio sludge, as following: a) Cd and Cr: spring>summer>winter; b) Cu, Ni and Pb: winter>spring>summer. On average, in summer months (dry season) metal concentrations are lower than in spring and winter (wet seasons), with the exception of Zn. For Kavala and Palio the results demonstrate that the increased number of inhabitants (almost doubled) in summer time due to tourism does not influence the metal levels in sludge. Comparing the results obtained for similar spring-summer-winter sequences in 2007 and 2010/11 and for the spring season in 2007, 2008 and 2010, it can be noticed that, in general, the average heavy metal contents show an increasing tendency towards the last year. In all the measurement periods, the Palio sludge had the highest metal contents and Kavala sludge the lowest, leading to the conclusion that the WWTP operating process rather than population has a significant effect upon the heavy metal content of sludge. Cr(VI)/Cr(total) concentration ratios are higher for Kavala sludge in the majority of sampling campaigns, followed by Drama and Palio sludge. The metals which present moderate to strong positive correlation have common origin, which could be a domestic-commercial mixed source.

Occurrence and Fate of Selected Heavy Metals in a Conventional Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Kisumu City, Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Victor Odhiambo Shikuku ◽  
George O. Achieng'
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Kisumu City ◽  
National Environmental

The objective of this work was to investigate the occurrence and fate of five heavy metals in water, sludge, and sediments from a conventional municipal wastewater treatment facility in Kisumu City, Kenya. The effluent quality was compared with the effluent quality parameters stipulated by the National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) to assess the efficiency of the plant and potential effect of the discharged effluent on the recipient river. The levels of the heavy metals recorded in the sludge samples were significantly higher than those in the corresponding water samples. The order of the metal percentage removal efficiency (%R) from the treatment plant was Mg>Cu>Mn>Fe>Zn. It is concluded that the plant is a point source for Zn loading into the recipient waters which poses potential risk to end users downstream. The heavy metal-laden sludge was within permissible limits for utilization in agricultural lands.

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