Parasite removal by natural wastewater treatment systems: performance of waste stabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stott ◽  
E. May ◽  
D.D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Parasite removal and low cost systems for wastewater treatment have become increasingly important requirements in developed and developing countries to safeguard public health from wastewater-associated intestinal diseases. Pilot and field-scale ponds and wetlands in Brazil and Egypt have been investigated for the fate and removal of eggs of human intestinal parasites from domestic wastewater. In northeast Brazil, parasite removal was investigated for a series of five waste stabilisation ponds treating raw wastewater. In Egypt, parasite removal was studied for Gravel Bed Hydroponic constructed wetlands treating partially treated wastewater. Influents to ponds and wetlands contained a variety of parasite helminth eggs (e.g. Ascaris, hookworm, Trichuris, and Hymenolepis spp.). The ponds consistently removed parasite eggs though rate of removal by individual ponds may have been related to influent egg numbers and extent of short-circuiting. Parasite eggs were reduced on average by 94% and 99.9% in the anaerobic and facultative ponds respectively. No eggs were found in effluent from the second maturation pond. In the wetland system, parasite removal varied with reedbed length. The majority of parasite eggs were retained within the first 25 m. Parasite eggs were reduced on average by 98% after treatment in 50 m beds and completely removed after treatment in 100 m beds.

Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Removal of Nutrients

2020 ◽  
pp. 559-587
Author(s):  
David de la Varga ◽  
Manuel Soto ◽  
Carlos Alberto Arias ◽  
Dion van Oirschot ◽  
Rene Kilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are low-cost and sustainable systems for wastewater treatment. Traditionally they have been used for urban and domestic wastewater treatment, but in the last two decades, the applications for industrial wastewater treatment increased due to the evolution of the technology and the extended research on the field. Nowadays, CWs have been applied to the treatment of different kind of wastewaters as such as refinery and petrochemical industry effluents, food industry effluents including abattoir, dairy, meat, fruit and vegetables processing industries, distillery and winery effluents, pulp and paper, textile, tannery, aquaculture, steel and mixed industrial effluents. In this chapter, the authors present the main types of CWs, explain how they work and the expected performances, and describe the principal applications of CWs for industrial wastewater treatment with particular attention to suspended solids, organic matter and nutrient removal. A review of these applications as well as some case studies will be discussed.

Occurrence and removal of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs in waste stabilisation ponds in Marrakech

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bouhoum ◽  
O. Amahmid ◽  
S. Asmama
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Raw Wastewater ◽  
Main Factor

The present study aimed to determine the occurrence and removal of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs from municipal wastewater by pilot waste stabilisation ponds in the arid climate of Marrakech (Morocco). Protozoan cysts detected in raw wastewater at the entrance of the system were identified as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia sp. and Entamoeba coli at a mean concentration of 1.5×104 cysts/l. Helminth eggs identified were Ascaris, Trichuris, Hymenolepis, Enterobius and Taenia with an average of 7.6 eggs/l. The effluent at the system outlet did not contain detectable cysts or eggs. Sludge samples collected in the pond basins resulted in detection of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs. Sedimentation therefore seems to be the main factor for cyst and egg elimination during wastewater treatment by waste stabilisation ponds. This phenomenon leads however to parasite accumulation in the sediment.

A survey of the microbial quality of wastewaters in Ismailia, Egypt and the implications for wastewater reuse

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stott ◽  
T. Jenkins ◽  
M. Shabana ◽  
E. May
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The occurrence of parasite ova, cysts and faecal coliforms in urban wastewater and their removal was determined after sewage treatment in gravel bed hydroponic (GBH) constructed wetlands receiving conventionally treated wastewater at Abu Attwa, Ismailia. Samples of raw wastewater and GBH influent and effluents were examined for eggs of intestinal helminths over two months in 1995. All raw wastewater samples were found to be positive for Ascaris lumbricoides but eggs of Hymenolepis spp, Trichuris spp, Ancylostoma duodenale and Toxocara spp were also detected in raw and conventionally treated wastewaters. In Ismailia, the concentration of eggs of human intestinal helminths in raw wastewater ranged from 6–42/L. In the influent to the GBH beds, the concentration of helminth eggs was reduced and ranged from 0–11/L; eggs of Ascaris were found in 28% of the samples. No helminth eggs were recovered from GBH treated effluents. Cysts of protozoa and faecal coliform bacteria were also removed by GBH beds to some degree. Raw wastewater contained cysts of the protozoa, Entamoeba coli, E. histolytica and Giardia spp. Although the density and diversity of species was reduced after treatment in the GBH beds, some amoebic cysts were found in the effluents. Faecal coliform removal averaged 2–3 logs during sewage treatment in GBH beds but effluents did not satisfy WHO guidelines for unrestricted irrigation. This survey indicates that GBH beds have the capacity to remove pathogens from wastewaters. Improvement in wastewater quality after GBH treatment satisfied WHO microbiological quality guidelines for restricted irrigation. With a retention time of 6h, GBH constructed wetlands have practical applications for wastewater treatment for safe reuse in Egypt.

Assembly of a Wetland on a Laboratory Scale for Post-Treatment of Domestic Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Jade R. Mourão ◽  
Raquel Freitas ◽  
Geraldo Dragoni Sobrinho ◽  
Lubienska Cristina L.J. Ribeiro ◽  
Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Cost Of Construction

Water is present in many routine activities performed by man. However, these activities have been generating wastewater who require treatment before being cast into water bodies. The constructed wetlands are alternative wastewater treatment low cost of construction and maintenance, therefore do not require electricity and chemical application. Perform well in the removal of polluting effluent load and have advantages of being aesthetically pleasing due to the presence of aquatic plants. This work presents a proposal to mount a wetland constructed for the post-treatment of domestic wastewater in laboratory scale subsurface flow and intermittent, macrophyte was used mini papyrus (Cyperus isocladus) and substate fragments ceramic tiles.

Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Removal of Nutrients

2017 ◽  
pp. 202-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
David de la Varga ◽  
Manuel Soto ◽  
Carlos Alberto Arias ◽  
Dion van Oirschot ◽  
Rene Kilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are low-cost and sustainable systems for wastewater treatment. Traditionally they have been used for urban and domestic wastewater treatment, but in the last two decades, the applications for industrial wastewater treatment increased due to the evolution of the technology and the extended research on the field. Nowadays, CWs have been applied to the treatment of different kind of wastewaters as such as refinery and petrochemical industry effluents, food industry effluents including abattoir, dairy, meat, fruit and vegetables processing industries, distillery and winery effluents, pulp and paper, textile, tannery, aquaculture, steel and mixed industrial effluents. In this chapter, the authors present the main types of CWs, explain how they work and the expected performances, and describe the principal applications of CWs for industrial wastewater treatment with particular attention to suspended solids, organic matter and nutrient removal. A review of these applications as well as some case studies will be discussed.

scholarly journals Performance of Four Full-Scale Artificially Aerated Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Water ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Butterworth ◽  
Andrew Richards ◽  
Mark Jones ◽  
Gabriella Mansi ◽  
Ezio Ranieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Constructed wetland for water quality improvement: a case study from Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2408-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Wu ◽  
J. K. Liu ◽  
S. H. Cheng ◽  
D. E. Surampalli ◽  
C. W. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Wetland System

In Taiwan, more than 20% of the major rivers are mildly to heavily polluted by domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters due to the low percentage of sewers connected to wastewater treatment plants. Thus, constructed or engineered wetlands have been adopted as the major alternatives to clean up polluted rivers. Constructed wetlands are also applied as the tertiary wastewater treatment systems for the wastewater polishment to meet water reuse standards with lower operational costs. The studied Kaoping River Rail Bridge Constructed Wetland (KRRBCW) is the largest constructed wetland in Taiwan. It is a multi-function wetland and is used for polluted creek water purification and secondary wastewater polishment before it is discharged into the Kaoping River. Although constructed wetlands are feasible for contaminated water treatment, wetland sediments are usually the sinks for organics and metals. In this study, water and sediment samples were collected from the major wetland basins in KRRBCW. The investigation results show that more than 97% of total coliforms (TC), 55% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and 30% of nutrients [e.g. total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP)] were removed via the constructed wetland system. However, results from the sediment analyses show that wetland sediments contained high concentrations of metals (e.g. Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, and Mn), organic contents (sediment oxygen demand = 1.7 to 7.6 g O2/m2 d), and nutrients (up to 18.7 g/kg of TN and 1.22 g/kg of TN). Thus, sediments should be excavated periodically to prevent the release the pollutants into the wetland system and causing the deterioration of wetland water quality. Results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and nucleotide sequence analysis reveal that a variation in microbial diversity in the wetland systems was observed. Results from the DGGE analysis indicate that all sediment samples contained significant amounts of microbial ribospecies, which might contribute to the carbon degradation and nitrogen removal. Gradual disappearance of E. coli was also observed along the flow courses through natural attenuation mechanisms.

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