Identification of the odour and chemical composition of alumina refinery air emissions

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Coffey ◽  
M. Ioppolo-Armanios
Keyword(s):  
Refining Process ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Hedonic Tone ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Preliminary Identification ◽  
Air Emission ◽  
Alumina Industry ◽  
Western Australian

Alcoa World Alumina Australia has undertaken comprehensive air emissions monitoring aimed at characterising and quantifying the complete range of emissions to the atmosphere from Bayer refining of alumina at its Western Australian refineries. To the best of our knowledge, this project represents the most complete air emissions inventory of a Bayer refinery conducted in the worldwide alumina industry. It adds considerably to knowledge of air emission factors available for use in emissions estimation required under national pollutant release and transfer registers (NPRTs), such as the Toxic Releases Inventory, USA, and the National Pollutant Inventory, Australia. It also allows the preliminary identification of the key chemical components responsible for characteristic alumina refinery odours and the contribution of these components to the quality, or hedonic tone, of the odours. The strength and acceptability of refinery odours to employees and neighbours appears to be dependent upon where and in what proportion the odorous gases have been emitted from the refineries. This paper presents the results of the programme and develops a basis for classifying the odour properties of the key emission sources in the alumina-refining process.

Waste Discharge Reduction Program Overview – Monsanto Agricultural Company

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
C. W. Keffer
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Waste Discharge ◽  
Air Emission ◽  
Reduction Program

Monsanto is committed to being a leader in reducing waste discharges to the environment. The Company announced in June 1988 a commitment to reduce air emissions of hazardous materials by 90% by the end of 1992. In addition, Monsanto Agricultural Company established a further goal to reduce the discharge of organic and hazardous inorganic materials to all environmental media. Projects have been identified for the Agricultural Company to achieve the 90% air emission reduction goal and to reduce projected 1995 waste discharges from 150 million pounds to 50 million pounds.

scholarly journals Air Emissions of Selected Substances from Particular Sectors Including Metallurgy in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kargulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Metal Production ◽  
Transboundary Air Pollution ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Air Emission ◽  
Dioxins And Furans ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Climate Convention

Abstract This article presents data on the anthropogenic air emissions of selected substances (CO2, SO2, total suspended particles (TSP), dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), Pb and Cd) subject to reporting under the Climate Convention (UNFCCC) or the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (UNECE CLRTAP). It also presents the national emissions of these substances in 2014 by the major source categories and defines the share of metal production in these emissions. Analysis is based on national emission inventory reports. Most important source of air emission in case of CO2 and SO2 is 1.A.1 Energy industries category. TSP and PCDD/F are emitted mainly from fuel combustion in small sources (i.a. households). Emission of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) is connected mostly with 1.A.2. Manufacturing industries and construction category. Metallurgy is significant source of emission only for lead and cadmium from among all considered substances. The shares of particular sectors in the national emissions of given pollutants are important, in view of the possible reduction measures and the determination in which industries they could bring about tangible results.

scholarly journals PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution in a megacity of southwest China: source apportionment and implication

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 5147-5196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tao ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
R. Zhang ◽  
H. Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Steel Manufacturing

Abstract. Daily PM2.5 (aerosol particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm) samples were collected at an urban site in Chengdu, an inland megacity in southwest China, during four one-month periods in 2011, with each period in a different season. Samples were subjected to chemical analysis for various chemical components ranging from major water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), trace elements to biomass burning tracers, anhydrosugar levoglucosan (LG) and mannosan (MN). Two models, ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, were applied to explore the likely chemical forms of ionic constituents and to apportion sources for PM2.5. Distinctive seasonal patterns of PM2.5 and associated main chemical components were identified and could be explained by varying emission sources and meteorological conditions. PM2.5 showed a typical seasonality of waxing in winter and waning in summer, with an annual mean of 119 μg m−3. Mineral soil concentrations increased in spring whereas biomass burning species elevated in autumn and winter. Six major source factors were identified to have contributed to PM2.5 using the PMF model. These were secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion, biomass burning, iron and steel manufacturing, Mo-related industries, and soil dust, and they contributed 37 ± 18%, 20 ± 12%, 11 ± 10%, 11 ± 9%, 11 ± 9%, and 10 ± 12%, respectively, to PM2.5 masses on annual average, while exhibiting large seasonal variability. On annual average, the unknown emission sources that were not identified by the PMF model contributed 1 ± 11% to the measured PM2.5 mass. Various chemical tracers were used for validating PMF performance. Antimony (Sb) was suggested to be a suitable tracer of coal combustion in Chengdu. Results of LG and MN helped constrain the biomass burning sources, with wood burning dominating in winter and agricultural waste burning dominating in autumn. Excessive Fe (Ex-Fe), defined as excessive portion in measured Fe that cannot be sustained by mineral dust, is corroborated to be a straightforward useful tracer of iron and steel manufacturing pollution. In Chengdu, Mo/Ni mass ratios were persistently higher than unity, and considerably distinct from those usually observed in ambient airs. V/Ni ratios averaged at only 0.7. Results revealed that heavy oil fuel combustion should not be a vital anthropogenic source, and additional anthropogenic sources for Mo are yet to be identified. Overall, the emission sources identified in Chengdu could be dominated by local sources located in the vicinity of Sichuan, a result differed from those found in Beijing and Shanghai, wherein cross-boundary transport is significant in contributing pronounced PM2.5. These results provided implications for PM2.5 control strategies.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENERAPAN METODE CUL-DE-SAC (NOSE PINCHING) TERHADAP KLIEN DISGLOSIA.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Riani Shopianty
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Congenital Deformities ◽  
Air Emission ◽  
Subject Experiment

A speech disorder that occurs due to deformities of speech organs, especially articulators, is called dysglosia. The congenital deformities of speech organs of people around us result in various difficulties in communicating due to inaccuracies or inconsistencies in articulating words. One of the methods in the field of speech therapy being able to to overcome the problems including the abnormalities in sound resonance is Cul-de-sac (Nose Pinching) method. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of the Cul-de-sac (Nose Pinching) method in increasing the awareness of Dysglosia clients about the differences in sound resonance in the nasal cavity and oral cavity when producing consonants and reducing nasal air emissions when producing consonant sibilant apicoalveolar / s. / at the Cleft Center Bandung. The research method used is single subject experiment. Data were collected through interviews with the client's parents, direct observation of the client, tests, and a document study of the client's medical record. After 15 sessions of therapy using the method, the client's ability had improved for about 65% and he was successfully able to pronounce the consonant of / s / in the presence of a nasal air emission between 1-2 cm. Therefore, based on the results it can be concluded that the Cul-de-sac (Nose Pinching) method has influenced as much as 65% of nasal air emission reduction.

scholarly journals PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution in a megacity of southwest China: source apportionment and implication

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 8679-8699 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tao ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
R. Zhang ◽  
H. Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Steel Manufacturing

Abstract. Daily PM2.5 (aerosol particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm) samples were collected at an urban site in Chengdu, an inland megacity in southwest China, during four 1-month periods in 2011, with each period in a different season. Samples were subject to chemical analysis for various chemical components ranging from major water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), trace elements to biomass burning tracers, anhydrosugar levoglucosan (LG), and mannosan (MN). Two models, the ISORROPIA II thermodynamic equilibrium model and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, were applied to explore the likely chemical forms of ionic constituents and to apportion sources for PM2.5. Distinctive seasonal patterns of PM2.5 and associated main chemical components were identified and could be explained by varying emission sources and meteorological conditions. PM2.5 showed a typical seasonality of waxing in winter and waning in summer, with an annual mean of 119 μg m−3. Mineral soil concentrations increased in spring, whereas biomass burning species elevated in autumn and winter. Six major source factors were identified to have contributed to PM2.5 using the PMF model. These were secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion, biomass burning, iron and steel manufacturing, Mo-related industries, and soil dust, and they contributed 37 ± 18, 20 ± 12, 11 ± 10, 11 ± 9, 11 ± 9, and 10 ± 12%, respectively, to PM2.5 masses on annual average, while exhibiting large seasonal variability. On annual average, the unknown emission sources that were not identified by the PMF model contributed 1 ± 11% to the measured PM2.5 mass. Various chemical tracers were used for validating PMF performance. Antimony (Sb) was suggested to be a suitable tracer of coal combustion in Chengdu. Results of LG and MN helped constrain the biomass burning sources, with wood burning dominating in winter and agricultural waste burning dominating in autumn. Excessive Fe (Ex-Fe), defined as the excessive portion in measured Fe that cannot be sustained by mineral dust, is corroborated to be a straightforward useful tracer of iron and steel manufacturing pollution. In Chengdu, Mo / Ni mass ratios were persistently higher than unity, and considerably distinct from those usually observed in ambient airs. V / Ni ratios averaged only 0.7. Results revealed that heavy oil fuel combustion should not be a vital anthropogenic source, and additional anthropogenic sources for Mo are yet to be identified. Overall, the emission sources identified in Chengdu could be dominated by local sources located in the vicinity of Sichuan, a result different from those found in Beijing and Shanghai, wherein cross-boundary transport is significant in contributing pronounced PM2.5. These results provided implications for PM2.5 control strategies.

scholarly journals Dust Emission Monitoring in Cement Plant Mills: A Case Study in Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9096
Author(s):  
Cristian Ciobanu ◽  
Irina Aura Istrate ◽  
Paula Tudor ◽  
Gheorghe Voicu
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Dust Emissions ◽  
Emission Limit

This paper presents aspects of monitoring material dust emissions from stationary emission sources (monthly dust measurements performed on cement mill stacks—mill outlet and separator outlet). Additionally, the Portland cement mill technological process (its component parts), as well as the solutions regarding the reduction of the air emissions level, following the emission limit values (VLE), established in the integrated environmental authorization (AIM) from a cement factory in Romania, were analyzed. The paper focused on analyzing the data obtained in three different years for PM10 and dust concentrations (2018–2020). For each year, the measurements have been done in 3 months, each in a different season. The average values for each year for working conditions were: 30.22 mg/m3 (2018), 27.38 mg/m3 (2019), and 27.51 mg/m3 (2020) for working conditions and for normal conditions: 34.22 mg/m3 (2018), 30.49 mg/m3 (2019), and 30.16 mg/m3 (2020). For all 3 years, the values measured in spring were higher than the other two, both for work and normal conditions.

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