Photocatalytic water treatment: fundamental knowledge required for its practical application

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hufschmidt ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
V. Selzer ◽  
D. Bahnemann
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Valence Band ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Conduction Band Electron ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Valence Band Hole

This review attempts to present a state-of-the art overview of the underlying principles of photocatalysis that should not be neglected when designing pilot-scale facilities. In particular, the roles and properties of the primary charge carriers generated upon bandgap illumination within a photocatalyst particle, i.e. valence band hole and conduction band electron, are discussed. The chemical nature of the primary oxidant is critically assessed.

Recent state-of-the-art of biodegradable scale inhibitors for cooling-water treatment applications (Review)

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Popov ◽  
N. E. Kovaleva ◽  
G. Ya. Rudakova ◽  
S. P. Kombarova ◽  
V. E. Larchenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cooling Water

scholarly journals Geometric Reduced-Attitude Control of Fixed-Wing UAVs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3147
Author(s):  
Erlend M. Coates ◽  
Thor I. Fossen
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Attitude Control ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Ultimate Boundedness ◽  
Adaptive Backstepping ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Heading Angle

This paper presents nonlinear, singularity-free autopilot designs for multivariable reduced-attitude control of fixed-wing aircraft. To control roll and pitch angles, we employ vector coordinates constrained to the unit two-sphere and that are independent of the yaw/heading angle. The angular velocity projected onto this vector is enforced to satisfy the coordinated-turn equation. We exploit model structure in the design and prove almost global asymptotic stability using Lyapunov-based tools. Slowly-varying aerodynamic disturbances are compensated for using adaptive backstepping. To emphasize the practical application of our result, we also establish the ultimate boundedness of the solutions under a simplified controller that only depends on rough estimates of the control-effectiveness matrix. The controller design can be used with state-of-the-art guidance systems for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and is implemented in the open-source autopilot ArduPilot for validation through realistic software-in-the-loop (SITL) simulations.

scholarly journals Testing Metallic Iron Filtration Systems for Decentralized Water Treatment at Pilot Scale

Water ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 868-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul Tepong-Tsindé ◽  
Richard Crane ◽  
Chicgoua Noubactep ◽  
Achille Nassi ◽  
Hans Ruppert
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Pilot Scale

Introductory remarks

1981 ◽  
Vol 302 (1468) ◽  
pp. 219-219
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Electroanalytical Methods ◽  
Secondary Battery ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Cross Fertilization

As its title suggests, the purpose of this Discussion Meeting is to review the present state of the art in industrial electrochemistry. We have sought to bring together academic and industrial workers in this field as well as other interested participants. I hope that as the meeting proceeds, a cross-fertilization of ideas will occur both in the formal sessions and during the breaks. The organizers of this Meeting have given considerable thought to the order in which the different aspects of electrochemistry should be presented. Evidently we had to begin with the fundamentals, after which we decided to deal with the general aspects of electrosynthesis including the developing possibilities of supplying energy to biological processes by electrochem ical means. This led naturally to consideration of electrochemical engineering and electroanalytical methods for on-line control. In one session we shall move to a very practical application of electrochemistry, namely batteries. Beginning with Volta’s simple cell, this application is one of the oldest in electrochemistry. In spite of all the advances in the subject, the possibilities of new primary and secondary battery systems remain as wide as ever. I, for one, shall be most interested to hear the progress reports of our three speakers.

scholarly journals Semi-Supervised Multi-View Clustering with Weighted Anchor Graph Embedding

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Senhong Wang ◽  
Jiangzhong Cao ◽  
Fangyuan Lei ◽  
Qingyun Dai ◽  
Shangsong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Graph Embedding ◽  
Multiple Views ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Free Graph ◽  
Anchor Points ◽  
Almost All

A number of literature reports have shown that multi-view clustering can acquire a better performance on complete multi-view data. However, real-world data usually suffers from missing some samples in each view and has a small number of labeled samples. Additionally, almost all existing multi-view clustering models do not execute incomplete multi-view data well and fail to fully utilize the labeled samples to reduce computational complexity, which precludes them from practical application. In view of these problems, this paper proposes a novel framework called Semi-supervised Multi-View Clustering with Weighted Anchor Graph Embedding (SMVC_WAGE), which is conceptually simple and efficiently generates high-quality clustering results in practice. Specifically, we introduce a simple and effective anchor strategy. Based on selected anchor points, we can exploit the intrinsic and extrinsic view information to bridge all samples and capture more reliable nonlinear relations, which greatly enhances efficiency and improves stableness. Meanwhile, we construct the global fused graph compatibly across multiple views via a parameter-free graph fusion mechanism which directly coalesces the view-wise graphs. To this end, the proposed method can not only deal with complete multi-view clustering well but also be easily extended to incomplete multi-view cases. Experimental results clearly show that our algorithm surpasses some state-of-the-art competitors in clustering ability and time cost.

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