Estimation of reduced and increasing health risks by installation of urban wastewater systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aramaki ◽  
M. Galal ◽  
K. Hanaki
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Wastewater Systems

This paper aims to propose a methodological framework for quantifying the reduction and increase of health risks associated with urban wastewater systems. A risk assessment model was used to quantify reduction in disease burden while a life cycle assessment approach was used to quantify increasing risks by environmental loading. Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) was used to quantify health risks. This framework was applied to a hypothetical watershed to evaluate health risks by installation of wastewater treatment systems. In this hypothetical case, 55 DALYs per year of health risk would be reduced for 200,000 people in the downstream community by constructing wastewater systems for 200,000 people, while a range from 1.9 to 22 DALYs per year of health risks would be generated by materials and energy consumption for construction and operation of wastewater systems. However, this result would significantly change, depending on the parameters used in this analysis. The proposed methodology should be improved to obtain more precise results, but it will suggest useful information to discuss the overall effects due to the installation of various types of urban wastewater systems.

scholarly journals Risk of acute respiratory infection from crop burning in India: estimating disease burden and economic welfare from satellite and national health survey data for 250 000 persons

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1113-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Chakrabarti ◽  
Mohammed Tajuddin Khan ◽  
Avinash Kishore ◽  
Devesh Roy ◽  
Samuel P Scott
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Background Respiratory infections are among the leading causes of death and disability globally. Respirable aerosol particles released by agricultural crop-residue burning (ACRB), practised by farmers in all global regions, are potentially harmful to human health. Our objective was to estimate the health and economic costs of ACRB in northern India. Methods The primary outcome was acute respiratory infection (ARI) from India’s fourth District Level Health Survey (DLHS-4). DLHS-4 data were merged with Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite data on fire occurrence. Mutually adjusted generalized linear models were used to generate risk ratios for risk factors of ARI. Overall disease burden due to ACRB was estimated in terms of disability-adjusted life years. Results Seeking medical treatment for ARI in the previous 2 weeks was reported by 5050 (2%) of 252 539 persons. Living in a district with intense ACRB—the top quintile of fires per day—was associated with a 3-fold higher risk of ARI (mutually adjusted risk ratio 2.99, 95% confidence interval 2.77 to 3.23) after adjustment for socio-demographic and household factors. Children under 5 years of age were particularly susceptible (3.65, 3.06 to 4.34 in this subgroup). Additional ARI risk factors included motor-vehicle congestion (1.96, 1.72 to 2.23), open drainage (1.91, 1.73 to 2.11), cooking with biomass (1.73, 1.58 to 1.90) and living in urban areas (1.35, 1.26 to 1.44). Eliminating ACRB would avert 14.9 million disability-adjusted life years lost per year, valued at US$152.9 billion over 5 years. Conclusions Investments to stop crop burning and offer farmers alternative crop-residue disposal solutions are likely to improve population-level respiratory health and yield major economic returns.

scholarly journals The estimated disease burden of norovirus in The Netherlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. VERHOEF ◽  
M. KOOPMANS ◽  
W. VAN PELT ◽  
E. DUIZER ◽  
J. HAAGSMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

SUMMARYNoroviruses are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. We incorporated new insights gained over the past decade in an updated estimate of the disease burden of (foodborne) norovirus illness in The Netherlands in 2009. The disease outcomes – non-consulting cases, visiting a general practitioner, hospitalization and mortality – and the foodborne proportion were derived from cohort studies, surveillance data and literature. Age-specific incidence estimates were applied to the population age distribution in The Netherlands in 2009. The general population incidence was 3800/100 000 (95% CI 2670–5460), including 0·4 fatal cases/100 000, resulting in 1622/100 000 (95% CI 966–2650) disability-adjusted life-years in a population of 16·5 million. The updated burden of norovirus is over twofold higher than previously estimated, due in particular to the new insights in case-fatality ratios. Results suggest that the burden of norovirus institutional outbreaks is relatively small compared to the burden of community-acquired norovirus infections.

scholarly journals Mapping the Trends in Esophageal Cancer Disease Burden in the United States: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Lu ◽  
jianxue Zhai ◽  
Jintao Zhan ◽  
Xiguang Liu ◽  
Xiaoying Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
High Bmi

Abstract Background: Esophageal cancer is the 10th leading cancer in US but given limited research attention. This study aimed to investigate the esophageal cancer disease burden more comprehensively in US. Methods: Having retrieved states-categorized data on esophageal cancer incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years from the Global Burden of Disease study online resource, the current trends on esophageal cancer disease burden attributed to different risk factors and their relationship with economic status were analyzed using age-standardized rate and the estimated annual percentage change.Results: In US, the esophageal cancer age-standardized rate of incidence has been stable but age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years trended to decreased with estimated annual percentage changes of -0.237% and -0.471% from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardized rate of incidence was higher in males than in females, but both didn’t increase, so as age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years. The largest increase in age-standardized rates of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years was observed in Oklahoma, whereas the largest decrease was seen in the District of Columbia. Age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years contributed to high BMI or diet low in fruits were growing. per capita disposable personal income trended to negatively correlated with estimated annual percentage changes of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years.Conclusions: The esophageal cancer disease burden in US decreased from 1990 to 2017 but was heavier in males than in females, and increased in economically weaker states and populations with high BMI and low-fruit diet.

Trends in cardiovascular diseases burden and vascular risk factors in Italy: The Global Burden of Disease study 1990–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732094941
Author(s):  
Paolo A Cortesi ◽  
Carla Fornari ◽  
Fabiana Madotto ◽  
Sara Conti ◽  
Mohsen Naghavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study

Aims An exhaustive and updated estimation of cardiovascular disease burden and vascular risk factors is still lacking in European countries. This study aims to fill this gap assessing the global Italian cardiovascular disease burden and its changes from 1990 to 2017 and comparing the Italian situation with European countries. Methods All accessible data sources from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study were used to estimate the cardiovascular disease prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years and cardiovascular disease attributable risk factors burden in Italy from 1990 to 2017. Furthermore, we compared the cardiovascular disease burden within the 28 European Union countries. Results Since 1990, we observed a significant decrease of cardiovascular disease burden, particularly in the age-standardised prevalence (–12.7%), mortality rate (–53.8%), and disability-adjusted life years rate (–55.5%). Similar improvements were observed in the majority of European countries. However, we found an increase in all-ages prevalence of cardiovascular diseases from 5.75 m to 7.49 m Italian residents. Cardiovascular diseases still remain the first cause of death (34.8% of total mortality). More than 80% of the cardiovascular disease burden could be attributed to known modifiable risk factors such as high systolic blood pressure, dietary risks, high low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and impaired kidney function. Conclusions Our study shows a decline in cardiovascular mortality and disability-adjusted life years, which reflects the success in reducing disability, premature death and early incidence of cardiovascular diseases. However, the burden of cardiovascular diseases is still high. An approach that includes the cooperation and coordination of all stakeholders of the Italian National Health System is required to further reduce this burden.

Global Burden of Cataract and Its Association With Socioeconomic Development Status, 1990-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Han ◽  
Minjie Zou ◽  
Zhenzhen Liu ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Charlotte Aimee Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Background: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness globally and more people will be at risk for this common cause of vision loss in the coming years.To estimate the disease burden of cataract and evaluate contributions of various risk factors to cataract-associated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).Methods: Prevalence of visual impairment due to cataract and disability-adjusted life years of cataract were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 to explore time trends and annual changes. Regional and country-level socioeconomic indexes were acquired from open databases, and stepwise multiple linear regression was used to evaluate associations between age-standardized rate of DALYs of cataract and potential predictors.Results: Global Prevalence rate of visual impairment due to cataract rose by 58.45% from 791.4 per 100,000 population (95%CI: 705.2 to 890.0 per 100,000 population) to 1253.9 per 100,000 population 95%CI: 1103.3 to 1417.7 per 100,000 population) in 2019 and DALYs rate of cataract rose by 32.18% from 65.3 per 100,000 population (95%CI: 46.4 to 88.2 per 100,000 population) in 1990 to 86.3 per 100,000 population (95%CI: 61.5 to 116.4 per 100,000 population) in 2019.Stepwise multiple linear regression model showed that higher refractive error prevalence (β=0.036, 95% CI: 0.022, 0.050, P<0.001), lower number of physicians per 10,000 population (β=-0.959, 95% CI: -1.685, -0.233, P=0.010) and lower level of HDI (β=-134.93, 95% CI: -209.84, -60.02, P=0.001) were associated with higher disease burden of cataract.Conclusions: Substantial increases in the prevalence of visual impairment and DALYs of cataract were observed from 1990 to 2019. Successful global initiatives targeting improving cataract surgical rate and quality, especially in regions with lower socioeconomic status, is a prerequisite to combating this growing burden of cataract in the aging society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document