Identification, assessment, and control of hazards in water supply: experiences from Water Safety Plan implementations in Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Mälzer ◽  
N. Staben ◽  
A. Hein ◽  
W. Merkel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for Water Safety Plans (WSP), a Technical Risk Management was developed, which considers standard demands in drinking water treatment in Germany. It was already implemented at several drinking water treatment plants of different size and treatment processes in Germany. Hazards affecting water quality, continuity, and the reliability of supply from catchment to treatment and distribution could be identified by a systematic approach, and suitable control measures were defined. Experiences are presented by detailed examples covering methods, practical consequences, and further outcomes. The method and the benefits for the water suppliers are discussed and an outlook on the future role of WSPs in German water supply is given.

scholarly journals Microbial indicators, pathogens and methods for their monitoring in water environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Saxena ◽  
Ram Naresh Bharagava ◽  
Gaurav Kaithwas ◽  
Abhay Raj
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Health Organization

Water is critical for life, but many people do not have access to clean and safe drinking water and die because of waterborne diseases. The analysis of drinking water for the presence of indicator microorganisms is key to determining microbiological quality and public health safety. However, drinking water-related illness outbreaks are still occurring worldwide. Moreover, different indicator microorganisms are being used in different countries as a tool for the microbiological examination of drinking water. Therefore, it becomes very important to understand the potentials and limitations of indicator microorganisms before implementing the guidelines and regulations designed by various regulatory agencies. This review provides updated information on traditional and alternative indicator microorganisms with merits and demerits in view of their role in managing the waterborne health risks as well as conventional and molecular methods proposed for monitoring of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in the water environment. Further, the World Health Organization (WHO) water safety plan is emphasized in order to develop the better approaches designed to meet the requirements of safe drinking water supply for all mankind, which is one of the major challenges of the 21st century.

Experiences and lessons learned from practical implementation of a software-supported Water Safety Plan (WSP) approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Mayr ◽  
Aditya Lukas ◽  
Wolfgang Aichlseder ◽  
Reinhard Perfler
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Health Organization

The Water Safety Plan (WSP) is considered the preferred approach to ensure drinking water safety by the World Health Organization (WHO). This approach ideally requires extensive scientific and technical input from a multidisciplinary team of experts. However, in small- and medium-sized municipalities in Austria, financial and personnel resources are usually of very limited availability. Therefore, a spreadsheet based WSP tool was designed to facilitate the implementation of the WSP approach at these small supply units. The WSP tool comprises the relevant national Austrian guidelines, which include the key components of the WSP by the WHO. The tool provides an overview of the required steps, explains how to carry out each step and guides the user through the three key components: system and hazards assessment, control measures and operational monitoring, and management. The practical application of the WSP tool was tested at 12 water utilities over a period of three months. After this period, the tool was improved based on collected feedback from the water utilities.

scholarly journals Insights into Solar Disinfection Enhancements for Drinking Water Treatment Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10570
Author(s):  
Abdassalam A. Azamzam ◽  
Mohd Rafatullah ◽  
Esam Bashir Yahya ◽  
Mardiana Idayu Ahmad ◽  
Japareng Lalung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

Poor access to drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene has always been a major concern and a main challenge facing humanity even in the current century. A third of the global population lacks access to microbiologically safe drinking water, especially in rural and poor areas that lack proper treatment facilities. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is widely proven by the World Health Organization as an accepted method for inactivating waterborne pathogens. A significant number of studies have recently been conducted regarding its effectiveness and how to overcome its limitations, by using water pretreatment steps either by physical, chemical, and biological factors or the integration of photocatalysis in SODIS processes. This review covers the role of solar disinfection in water treatment applications, going through different water treatment approaches including physical, chemical, and biological, and discusses the inactivation mechanisms of water pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and even protozoa and fungi. The review also addresses the latest advances in different pre-treatment modifications to enhance the treatment performance of the SODIS process in addition to the main limitations and challenges.

scholarly journals Research progress on the contamination status and control policy of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in drinking water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuimin Feng ◽  
Zhen Xu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Na Zhu ◽  
Zile Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
And Control

Abstract Cryptosporidium and Giardia are globally recognized protozoa that directly cause human diarrhea. Their transmission route mainly involves drinking contaminated water, thus needing proper water treatment to avoid human infection. At present, there is a lack of review on the infection status and control measures of the two protozoa. Hence, this article summarizes and compares the infection status and the role of drinking water in transmitting the Cryptosporidium and Giardia in some key countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. With collected data, this review offers recommendations for sanitary control and provides theoretical support for the application of drinking water treatment projects.

scholarly journals Security management of water supply

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The main aim of this work is to present operational problems concerning the safety of the water supply and the procedures for risk management systems functioning public water supply (CWSS) and including methods of hazard identification and risk assessment. Developed a problem analysis and risk assessment, including procedures called. WSP, which is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a tool for comprehensive security management of water supply from source to consumer. Water safety plan is a key element of the strategy for prevention of adverse events in CWSS.

scholarly journals Development and implementation of water safety plans for groundwater resources in the southernmost city of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-637
Author(s):  
Kazhal Masroor ◽  
Majid Kermani ◽  
Mitra Gholami ◽  
Farzad Fanaei ◽  
Hossein Arfaeinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe transfer of water from the source to the consumption point is always associated with the possibility of contamination in any of its various components. To resolve this problem, the World Health Organization has considered a water safety plan. The purpose of this study is to implement water safety plan in the water supply system of Bukan city. This study was performed on Bukan’s water supply system in 2019–20 using a software to guarantee the quality of the water safety plan and the WHO and IWA guidelines. The software checklists were prepared and after confirming the validity of the translation and its facial and content validity, it was completed based on the records of the Water and Sewerage Company and interviews with experts. Out of a total of 440 points of full-application of the program and 392 points for the reviewed phases, 183.6 points were acquired and 43.7% of WSP-coordinated implementation was observed. The highest percentage of WSP-coordinated implementation (75.2%) was assigned to the validation stage with the highest point, and the support program stage had the lowest percentage of performance (1.1%). Among the major components of the water supply system, the final consumption point received the most attention from the system. Given the lifespan of the introduction and use of WSP in the world, it was expected that better results would be obtained from evaluating the implementation and progress of this approach in Bukan’s water supply system. However, the implementation rate of this program in this city compared to other cities in Iran, showed that according to the implementation time (one year), the obtained results are relatively convincing and good and the water supply system has a moderate level of safety.

scholarly journals Formation and Control of C- and N-DBPs during Disinfection of Filter Backwash and Sedimentation Sludge Water in Drinking Water Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 116964
Author(s):  
Yunkun Qian ◽  
Yanan Chen ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
David Hanigan ◽  
Paul Westerhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
C And N ◽  
And Control

Experiences with the practical implementation and operation of biological nitrification for a small-scale drinking water treatment plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 922-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Richard ◽  
E. Mayr ◽  
M. Zunabovic ◽  
R. Allabashi ◽  
R. Perfler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Biological Nitrification

The implementation and evaluation of biological nitrification as a possible treatment option for the small-scale drinking water supply of a rural Upper Austrian community was investigated. The drinking water supply of this community (average system input volume: 20 m3/d) is based on the use of deep anaerobic groundwater with a high ammonium content of geogenic origin (up to 5 mg/l) which must be treated to prevent the formation of nitrites in the drinking water supply system. This paper describes the implementation and operation of biological nitrification despite several constraints including space availability, location and financial and manpower resources. A pilot drinking water treatment plant, including biological nitrification implemented in sand filters, was designed and constructed for a maximum treatment capacity of 1.2 m3/h. Online monitoring of selected physicochemical parameters has provided continuous treatment performance data. Treatment performance of the plant was evaluated under standard operation as well as in the case of selected malfunction events.

scholarly journals The occurrence and control of waterborne viruses in drinking water treatment: a review

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 130728
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Yang Deng ◽  
Shengkun Dong ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Waterborne Viruses ◽  
And Control
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