Can hydro-economic river basin models simulate water shadow prices under asymmetric access?

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kuhn ◽  
W. Britz
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Shadow Price ◽  
Social Optimum ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Mixed Complementarity Problem ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Management Institutions

Hydro-economic river basin models (HERBM) based on mathematical programming are conventionally formulated as explicit ‘aggregate optimization’ problems with a single, aggregate objective function. Often unintended, this format implicitly assumes that decisions on water allocation are made via central planning or functioning markets such as to maximize social welfare. In the absence of perfect water markets, however, individually optimal decisions by water users will differ from the social optimum. Classical aggregate HERBMs cannot simulate that situation and thus might be unable to describe existing institutions governing access to water and might produce biased results for alternative ones. We propose a new solution format for HERBMs, based on the format of the mixed complementarity problem (MCP), where modified shadow price relations express spatial externalities resulting from asymmetric access to water use. This new problem format, as opposed to commonly used linear (LP) or non-linear programming (NLP) approaches, enables the simultaneous simulation of numerous ‘independent optimization’ decisions by multiple water users while maintaining physical interdependences based on water use and flow in the river basin. We show that the alternative problem format allows the formulation HERBMs that yield more realistic results when comparing different water management institutions.

The role of regulatory agencies in multiple water use

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P.F. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
And Control

This paper presents the conceptual framework for regulating water use in cases where water is a public good. Public agencies with an independent directive board can successfully manage such a situation. Through a comprehensive system of water permits, charging and control it is possible to effectively manage water resources. Together with the conceptual framework a practical application is presented. The case of the National Water Agency of Brazil - ANA - shows that it is possible to implement modern water resources management concepts in less developed countries. The benefits of this institutional arrangement are demonstrated in the case of managing water conflicts among water users. Two situations are described: the semi-arid water allocation for agricultural use in the Jaraguaribe River Basin in Ceara State and the conflict between the hydropower and navigation sectors in the Parana River Basin.

scholarly journals Cost of charging for water use in the Brazilian Cerrado hydrographic basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kalesson Martins Alencar ◽  
Michel Castro Moreira ◽  
Demetrius David da Silva
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Relative Cost ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Doce River

This study analyzed the relative cost of charging for water use with respect to water users' production costs in the Grande River Basin, located in the Brazilian Cerrado, considering the principal charging methods existing in Brazil. The study was developed based on: the rights of use grant data surveys pertaining to water resources and the classification of bodies of water into usage classes; a simulation of charging for water use through various methods; and an analysis of the relative cost of charges on the production cost of the water users. The charging methods used by the following were studied: the Committee of the Basin of River Paraíba do Sul (CEIVAP), the Committee of Basins of Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí Rivers (PCJ), the São Francisco River Basin Committee (CBHSF) and the Doce River Basin Committee (CBH-DOCE). The study verified that irrigated agriculture is the sector that uses the most water, representing 46.4% of the outflow granted in the basin. Considering the different charging methods, the collection in the basin of the Grande River potentially allows for investments of US$ 1.2 million (PCJ), US$ 920,000 (CEIVAP), US$ 426,000 (CBH-DOCE), or US$ 297,000 (CBHSF) in this region, leading to average relative costs of 0.68% (irrigation), 0.28% (human) and 0.08% (industry). For this reason, there is the possibility of implanting charges for water use in the Grande River Basin, with either the CEIVAP's or PCJ's method appearing to be the most suitable, given that the parameters of these mechanisms are in line with existing activities in the basin.

scholarly journals Constraints in Water Access in Laikipia County, Case of Ewaso Ng’iro River Basin in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Lesrima ◽  
Gideon Nyamasyo ◽  
Kiemo Karatu
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Water Users ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

Challenges to water access are characterized by ineffective water institutions in Upper Ewaso Ng’iro North River basin. The inability of policies to create trust and equity for sustainable water access is critical despite institutional reforms undertaken over the years. The impact of scarcity and limitations noted are more pronounced in upstream downstream landscape breeding a sense of dissatisfaction and perception of inequality among water users and stakeholders. Study adopted a mixed methods with data collection tools used were; desktop analysis, field visits and discussions, structured questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Interviews with 384 randomly selected households were conducted and data analyzed using descriptive statistics. Theory of Access informed the study. The findings showed that rivers and boreholes are the main water sources in the sub-basin. Consequences of the unsatisfactory state of water access attributed to weak water governance policies and water management institutions. Lack of trust among water users remains latent easily triggered by scarcity and political-economic and social disruptions during severe droughts. The study’s recommendations are the development of effective communication mechanisms to share information, adherence to regulations, and government to implement current and past reforms to mitigate constraints to water access.  

scholarly journals Dealing with variability in water availability: the case of the Verde Grande River basin, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
B. Collischonn ◽  
A. V. Lopes ◽  
A. R. Pante
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Abstract. This paper presents a water resources management strategy developed by the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA) to cope with the conflicts between water users in the Verde Grande River basin, located at the southern border of the Brazilian semi-arid region. The basin is dominated by water-demanding fruit irrigation agriculture, which has grown significantly and without adequate water use control, over the last 30 years. The current water demand for irrigation exceeds water availability (understood as a 95 % percentile of the flow duration curve) in a ratio of three to one, meaning that downstream water users are experiencing more frequent water shortages than upstream ones. The management strategy implemented in 2008 has the objective of equalizing risk for all water users and consists of a set of rules designed to restrict water withdrawals according to current river water level (indicative of water availability) and water demand. Under that rule, larger farmers have proportionally larger reductions in water use, preserving small subsistence irrigators. Moreover, dry season streamflow is forecasted at strategic points by the end of every rainy season, providing evaluation of shortage risk. Thus, water users are informed about the forecasts and corresponding restrictions well in advance, allowing for anticipated planning of irrigated areas and practices. In order to enforce restriction rules, water meters were installed in all larger water users and inefficient farmers were obligated to improve their irrigation systems’ performance. Finally, increases in irrigated area are only allowed in the case of annual crops and during months of higher water availability (November to June). The strategy differs from convectional approached based only on water use priority and has been successful in dealing with natural variability of water availability, allowing more water to be used in wet years and managing risk in an isonomic manner during dry years.

HOUSEHOLD WATER BALANCE AND ASSESSMENT OF WATER VOLUME FOR IRRIGATION IN AGRO LANDSCAPES OF THE KYZYLSU-YUZHNAYA BASIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
D.KH. DOMULLODZHANOV ◽  
◽  
R. RAHMATILLOEV
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Household Water ◽  
And Storage

The article presents the results of the field studies and observations that carried out on the territory of the hilly, low-mountain and foothill agro landscapes of the Kyzylsu-yuzhnaya (Kyzylsu-Southern) River Basin of Tajikistan. Taking into account the high-altitude location of households and the amount of precipitation in the river basin, the annual volumes of water accumulated with the use of low-cost systems of collection and storage of precipitation have been clarified. The amount of water accumulated in the precipitation collection and storage systems has been established, the volume of water used for communal and domestic needs,the watering of livestock and the amount of water that can be used to irrigate crops in the have been determined. Possible areas of irrigation of household plots depending on the different availability of precipitation have been determined. It has been established that in wet years (with precipitation of about 10%) the amount of water collected using drip irrigation will be sufficient for irrigation of 0.13 hectares, and in dry years (with 90% of precipitation) it will be possible to irrigate only 0.03 ha of the household plot. On the basis of the basin, the total area of irrigation in wet years can be 4497 ha, and in dry years only 1087 ha. Taking into account the forecasts of population growth by 2030 and an increase in the number of households, the total area of irrigation of farmlands in wet years may reach 5703 hectares,and in dry years – 1379 hectares. Growing crops on household plots under irrigation contributes to a significant increase in land productivity and increases the efficiency of water use of the Kyzylsu-yuzhnaya basin.

EVALUATION OF IMPACT ON WATER USE CAUSED BY CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOLO RIVER BASIN, INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. I_121-I_126
Author(s):  
Hitoshi UMINO ◽  
Maksym GUSYEV ◽  
Akira HASEGAWA ◽  
Yoji CHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use

scholarly journals The application of environmental governance for sustainable watershed-based management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Kagaya ◽  
Tetsuya Wada
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Environment Assessment ◽  
Control Water

AbstractIn recent years, it has become popular for some of countries and regions to adapt the system of governance to varied and complex issues concerned with regional development and the environment. Watershed management is possibly the best example of this. It involves flood control, water use management and river environment simultaneously. Therefore, comprehensive watershed-based management should be aimed at balancing those aims. The objectives of this study are to introduce the notion of environmental governance into the planning process, to establish a method for assessing the alternatives and to develop a procedure for determining the most appropriate plan for environmental governance. The planning process here is based on strategic environment assessment (SEA). To verify the hypothetical approach, the middle river basin in the Tokachi River, Japan was selected as a case study. In practice, after workshop discussions, it was found to have the appropriate degree of consensus based on the balance of flood control and environmental protection in the watershed.

scholarly journals Understanding Water Use Conflicts to Advance Collaborative Planning: Lessons Learned from Lake Diefenbaker, Canada

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1756
Author(s):  
Jania Chilima ◽  
Jill Blakley ◽  
Harry Diaz ◽  
Lalita Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Collaborative Planning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Lake Diefenbaker ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Water Uses

Conflicts around the multi-purpose water uses of Lake Diefenbaker (LD) in Saskatchewan, Canada need to be addressed to meet rapidly expanding water demands in the arid Canadian prairie region. This study explores these conflicts to advance collaborative planning as a means for improving the current water governance and management of this lake. Qualitative methodology that employed a wide participatory approach was used to collect focus group data from 92 individuals, who formed a community of water users. Results indicate that the community of water users is unified in wanting to maintain water quality and quantity, preserving the lake’s aesthetics, and reducing water source vulnerability. Results also show these users are faced with water resource conflicts resulting from lack of coherence of regulatory instruments in the current governance regime, and acceptable management procedures of both consumptive and contemporary water uses that are interlinked in seven areas of: irrigation, industrial, and recreational water uses; reservoir water level for flood control and hydroelectricity production; wastewater and lagoon management; fish farm operations; and regional water development projects. As a means of advancing collaborative planning, improvements in water allocation and regulatory instruments could be made to dissipate consumptive use conflicts and fill the under-regulation void that exists for contemporary water uses. Additionally, a comprehensive LD water use master plan, as a shared vision to improve participation in governance, could be developed to direct the water uses that have emerged over time. This study suggests that these three areas are practical starting conditions that would enable successful collaborative planning for the seven areas of water uses. Focusing on these three areas would ensure the current and future needs of the community of water users are met, while avoiding reactive ways of solving water problems in the LD region, especially as the water crisis in the Canadian Prairie region where LD is located is expected to intensify.

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