Vertical flow constructed wetlands: kinetics of nutrient and organic matter removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Pérez ◽  
J. M. Hernández ◽  
J. Bossens ◽  
T. Jiménez ◽  
E. Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of organic matter and nutrient removal in a pilot vertical subsurface wetland with red ferralitic soil as substrate were evaluated. The wetland (20 m2) was planted with Cyperus alternifolius. The domestic wastewater that was treated in the wetland had undergone a primary treatment consisting of a septic moat and a buffer tank. From the sixth week of operation, the performance of the wetland stabilized, and a significant reduction in pollutant concentration of the effluent wastewater was obtained. Also a significant increase of dissolved oxygen (5 mg/l) was obtained. The organic matter removal efficiency was greater than 85% and the nutrient removal efficiency was greater than 75% in the vertical subsurface wetland. Nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal could be described by a first-order model. The kinetic constants were 3.64 and 3.27 d−1 for BOD and for total nitrogen, respectively. Data on the removal of phosphorus were adapted to a second-order model. The kinetic constant was 0.96 (mg/l)−1 d−1. The results demonstrated the potential of vertical flow constructed wetlands to clean treated domestic wastewater before discharge into the environment.

scholarly journals Lampiran 1G Paper The Use of Pumice Amended with Sand Media for Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands Planted with Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Media

The performance efficiency in constructed wetlands (CWs) technology is primarily affected by the media material and the types of plants used. Recently, investigations into the usage of local materials and plants in CWs has increased. Pumice is a material which is potential used as a media. However, research on amendment of pumice with other media in CWs is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential of pumice amended with sand media and planted with lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) in CWs to remove organic matter, suspended solids, nutrients, and coliform. The adsorbents were characterized using X-ray diffraction, FTIR and XRF followed by adsorption experiments for PO4–P. Furthermore, Six vertical flow (VF) mesocosms with a diameter of 10.2cm and 55cm depth were established over six months. The treatments were based on percentage of sand media amended with pumice and planted with lemongrass. Furthermore, the barren media were applied to investigate the effect of lemongrass. The loading rate of domestic wastewater into the VF mesocosms was 2 L/day while inflows and outflows were determined for nutrients, organic matter, suspended solids and coliform. The adsorption of PO4–P followed the Langmuir model with adsorption capacity was 0.089 and 0.067 mol/g for pumice and sand, respectively. The results also showed that the removal efficiency of TSS, COD, NO3–N, NO2–N, PO4–P and total coliforms were in the range of 93.7–97.3 %, 52–83 %, 63–86 %, 51–74%, 81–88 % and 92–97 %, respectively. Based on the results, the highest removal efficiency was observed in the sand media amended with 50 % pumice and planted with lemongrass, while the lowest was found in the barren sand media.

Nutrient removal efficiency and resource economics of vertical flow and horizontal flow constructed wetlands

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Luederitz ◽  
Elke Eckert ◽  
Martina Lange-Weber ◽  
Andreas Lange ◽  
Richard M Gersberg
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Resource Economics ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency

scholarly journals Vertical flow constructed wetlands subject to load variations: an improved design methodology connected to outlet quality objectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Boutin ◽  
S. Prost-Boucle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Improved Design

This study surveyed four campsites and four rural villages of major tourist interest, called tourist-interest or ti-villages, that were monitored for several years, generating over 70 performance balances for vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) that were intentionally scaled down for experimental trials. The wastewater effectively qualifies as domestic sewage, although relatively concentrated, with the campsites presenting particularly high nitrogen concentrations (122 gTKN L–1) (TKN: total Kjeldahl nitrogen). The applied daily loads were also particularly high, with some combinations of load parameters (hydraulic load, organic matter, TKN) leading to 400% overloading. Even under those drastic conditions, the quality of effluent remained excellent on the characteristic organic matter parameters, with removal performances always over 85%. Analysis of the dataset points to two major design thresholds: for campsites, in order to maintain a 73% nitrification rate even at the height of the summer season, the load applied onto the first stage filter in operation could achieve up to 600 gCOD m–2 day–1 (COD: chemical oxygen demand). For tourist-interest villages, in order to maintain an 85% nitrification rate, the load applied onto the second stage filter in operation could achieve up to 22 gTKN m–2.day–1. Here, VFCWs were demonstrated to robustly handle a massive increase in loads applied, providing the construction and operation stringently follow design standards and practices.

Constructed wetlands for the treatment of raw wastewater: the French experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Troesch ◽  
F. Salma ◽  
D. Esser
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
French Experience ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Vertical flow constructed wetlands for small communities (<5,000 population equivalent) have been successfully developed in France since the 1990s (currently about 3'000 plants are in operation). This paper summarizes the results and efficiencies of 70 plants designed and built by Epur Nature or SINT. The results show clearly that the design performs well for organic matter removal and nitrification and makes sludge management easy. Therefore if well designed, such systems can achieve an outlet quality of BOD5 < 20 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand <90 mg/L, suspended solids <30 mg/L and TKN < 15 mg/L. In addition, some new configurations involving a French vertical first stage fed with raw sewage, patented by Epur Nature, are presented as an aid to reduce the global footprint.

Two strategies for advanced nitrogen elimination in vertical flow constructed wetlands

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Laber ◽  
Reinhard Perfler ◽  
Raimund Haberl
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Upper Austria ◽  
System A ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Stage System

Since 1991 the institute for water provision has run two vertical flow constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment at two farm houses (8 p.e.) in Upper Austria. The systems are designed for elimination of organic compounds and for nitrification which was no problem even under winter conditions. In 1995 two methods were tested to achieve denitrification also in both systems. System A is a one-stage system, system B has two stages operated in series. The approach to the one-stage system consisted in pumping a part of the nitrified effluent from the soil filter back to the settling tank of the influent, where the raw wastewater mixes with the nitrified effluent-water. The approach to the two-stage system B consisted in adding an external carbon source (methanol) into the second, water saturated stage. The research was undertaken during several experimental stages to test the influence of the recirculation ratio (system A) respectively of the feeding (system B; intermittent, continuous, batch). The highest elimination rates could be achieved with system B (dosage of methanol) during experimental stage 1 (intermittent loading four times a day). The mean elimination rates were 82% for Ninorg and 78% for TN. The TN elimination performance of system A was only a little lower (72%). The elimination of COD, BOD5 and TOC was no problem throughout the whole experimental period (effluent concentrations of both systems were well below the Austrian standards).

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