Nutrient removal efficiency and resource economics of vertical flow and horizontal flow constructed wetlands

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Luederitz ◽  
Elke Eckert ◽  
Martina Lange-Weber ◽  
Andreas Lange ◽  
Richard M Gersberg
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Resource Economics ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency

Vertical flow constructed wetlands: kinetics of nutrient and organic matter removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Pérez ◽  
J. M. Hernández ◽  
J. Bossens ◽  
T. Jiménez ◽  
E. Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of organic matter and nutrient removal in a pilot vertical subsurface wetland with red ferralitic soil as substrate were evaluated. The wetland (20 m2) was planted with Cyperus alternifolius. The domestic wastewater that was treated in the wetland had undergone a primary treatment consisting of a septic moat and a buffer tank. From the sixth week of operation, the performance of the wetland stabilized, and a significant reduction in pollutant concentration of the effluent wastewater was obtained. Also a significant increase of dissolved oxygen (5 mg/l) was obtained. The organic matter removal efficiency was greater than 85% and the nutrient removal efficiency was greater than 75% in the vertical subsurface wetland. Nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal could be described by a first-order model. The kinetic constants were 3.64 and 3.27 d−1 for BOD and for total nitrogen, respectively. Data on the removal of phosphorus were adapted to a second-order model. The kinetic constant was 0.96 (mg/l)−1 d−1. The results demonstrated the potential of vertical flow constructed wetlands to clean treated domestic wastewater before discharge into the environment.

scholarly journals The Optimal Width and Mechanism of Riparian Buffers for Storm Water Nutrient Removal in the Chinese Eutrophic Lake Chaohu Watershed

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuyun Cao ◽  
Chunlei Song ◽  
Jian Xiao ◽  
Yiyong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Lake Chaohu ◽  
Potential Nitrification ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency

Riparian buffers play an important role in intercepting nutrients entering lakes from non-point runoffs. In spite of its ecological significance, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms of riparian buffers or their optimal width. In this study, we examined nutrient removal efficiency, including the quantity of nutrients and water quality, in the littoral zone of different types of riparian buffers in the watershed around eutrophic Lake Chaohu (China), and estimated the optimal width for different types of riparian buffers for effective nutrient removal. In general, a weak phosphorus (P) adsorption ability and nitrification-denitrification potential in soil resulted in a far greater riparian buffer demand than before in Lake Chaohu, which may be attributed to the soil degradation and simplification of cover vegetation. In detail, the width was at least 23 m (grass/forest) and 130 m (grass) for total P (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) to reach 50% removal efficiency, respectively, indicating a significantly greater demand for TN removal than that for TP. Additionally, wetland and grass/forest riparian buffers were more effective for TP removal, which was attributed to a high P sorption maximum (Qmax) and a low equilibrium P concentration (EPC0), respectively. The high potential nitrification rate (PNR) and potential denitrification rate (PDR) were responsible for the more effective TN removal efficiencies in grass riparian buffers. The nutrient removal efficiency of different types of riparian buffers was closely related with nutrient level in adjacent littoral zones around Lake Chaohu.

scholarly journals Effects of salinity on the treatment of synthetic petroleum-industry wastewater in pilot vertical flow constructed wetlands under simulated hot arid climatic conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 2172-2181
Author(s):  
Thomas V. Wagner ◽  
Fatma Al-Manji ◽  
Jie Xue ◽  
Koen Wetser ◽  
Vinnie de Wilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industry Wastewater

AbstractPetroleum-industry wastewater (PI-WW) is a potential source of water that can be reused in areas suffering from water stress. This water contains various fractions that need to be removed before reuse, such as light hydrocarbons, heavy metals and conditioning chemicals. Constructed wetlands (CWs) can remove these fractions, but the range of PI-WW salinities that can be treated in CWs and the influence of an increasing salinity on the CW removal efficiency for abovementioned fractions is unknown. Therefore, the impact of an increasing salinity on the removal of conditioning chemicals benzotriazole, aromatic hydrocarbon benzoic acid, and heavy metal zinc in lab-scale unplanted and Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia planted vertical-flow CWs was tested in the present study. P. australis was less sensitive than T. latifolia to increasing salinities and survived with a NaCl concentration of 12 g/L. The decay of T. latifolia was accompanied by a decrease in the removal efficiency for benzotriazole and benzoic acid, indicating that living vegetation enhanced the removal of these chemicals. Increased salinities resulted in the leaching of zinc from the planted CWs, probably as a result of active plant defence mechanisms against salt shocks that solubilized zinc. Plant growth also resulted in substantial evapotranspiration, leading to an increased salinity of the CW treated effluent. A too high salinity limits the reuse of the CW treated water. Therefore, CW treatment should be followed by desalination technologies to obtain salinities suitable for reuse. In this technology train, CWs enhance the efficiency of physicochemical desalination technologies by removing organics that induce membrane fouling. Hence, P. australis planted CWs are a suitable option for the treatment of water with a salinity below 12 g/L before further treatment or direct reuse in water scarce areas worldwide, where CWs may also boost the local biodiversity.

Increasing nitrogen removal efficiency by intermittent aeration in partial areas of laboratory-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1686
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Nannan Zhang ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Shuqing An ◽  
Dehua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Amoa Gene ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Gene ◽  
Partial Area ◽  
Reductase Gene

Intermittent aeration (IA) has been widely used in constructed wetlands (CWs) because it is economical and results in high nitrogen removal efficiency (RE). The aim of this study was to identify whether IA (4hday–1; the recommended frequency according to previous studies) in a partial area (PIA) can improve nitrogen RE compared with IA applied throughout the CW (TIA). Three types of laboratory-scale vertical flow CWs were constructed: PIA, TIA and non-aerated (NA). PIA achieved a higher RE of total nitrogen than TIA and NA (mean RE 60.6 v. 45.2 and 37.4% respectively). In the PIA, the ammonia mono-oxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene was abundant in aerated areas, whereas the nitrate reductase gene narG and nitrite reductase genes nirK and nirS were abundant in anaerobic areas. The results of this study suggest that PIA is an effective strategy for nitrogen removal when applying aeration in CWs because it preserves a constant anaerobic area for denitrification.

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