scholarly journals Advanced treatment of landfill leachate membrane concentrates: performance comparison, biosafety and toxic residue analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2949-2958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mianwei Hong ◽  
Gang Lu ◽  
Changcheng Hou ◽  
Shaohua She ◽  
Lingfei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Membrane Concentrates

Abstract With the improvement of people's consciousness about health, more attention has been paid to the biosafety of effluent reaching conventional discharge standard. In this contribution, removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), acute toxicity, genotoxicity and estrogenicity in landfill leachate membrane concentrates (MCs) among UV-Fenton, Fenton and activated carbon adsorption process were compared. Daphnia magna acute toxicity assay, comet assay, cytokinesis-block micronucleus and E-screen assay were performed to assess whether the effluent reaching the main parameters of Chinese Discharge Standard (GB 16889-2008) still had toxic residues. Under the conditions that COD of effluents treated by the three processes were up to the discharge standard, no obvious toxic residue was found in the effluent of UV-Fenton treatment, but effluent from Fenton or activated carbon adsorption process showed genotoxicity or estrogenicity to some extent. Dynamic analysis of UV-Fenton degradation process for estrogen simulation solutions was also conducted, and the formation of intermediates was detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Toxic residues might be caused by the lack of treatment duration and the formation of more toxic intermediates. UV-Fenton was found to be efficient for the treatment of MCs. Biosafety should be concerned when a new wastewater discharge standard is being established.

Activated Carbon from Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Bagasse for Removal Ca2+ and Mg2+ Ion from Well Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Ira Tyas Kurniasari ◽  
Cucun Alep Riyanto ◽  
Yohanes Martono
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Stirring Time

Humans need water with good quality to fulfill their needs. Water with high hardness content will have a bad impact if consumed continuously, so the adsorption method is carried out to reduce the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. The adsorption process uses sugarcane bagasse activated carbon (SBAC) and the tested water sample is well water in District Jati, Kudus. Synthesis of  SBAC was conducted with H3PO4 30% as an activator at an impregnation ratio of 1:5 (w/w) at temperature 700°C. The FTIR result showed that SBAC contains O-H, C-H, C=C, C≡C, and C-O as functional groups. Analysis result with the XRD instrument showed that the microstructure of SBAC that is formed is turbostatic structure and amorphous. Modeling isotherm suitable for SBAC adsorption on Ca2+ ions is Langmuir isotherm where the R2 value is 0.9134 which shows that the adsorption process occurs chemically and monolayer. Modeling isotherm suitable for SBAC adsorption on Mg2+ ions is Elovich isotherm where the R2 value is 0.8638 which means that the adsorption process is multilayer and adsorption in non-ideal conditions. Modeling kinetics suitable for SBAC adsorption on  Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions is Pseudo Orde 2 where the R2 value is 0.9395 and 0.7274. Percent efficiency value of sugarcane activated carbon adsorption of Ca2+ dan Mg2+ ions on District Jati, Kudus well water is 14.44% and 8.94% and 40 minutes stirring time.

scholarly journals Proposal of enhanced treatment process based on actual pilot plant for removal of micropharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
Shun-hwa Lee ◽  
Yun-kyung Park ◽  
Miran Lee ◽  
Byung-dae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Optimal Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Single Process

This study was carried out to increase the treatment efficiency through the improvement of the conventional biological process, and to propose the optimal treatment direction. The optimal treatment conditions were derived based on the results of the spike damage tests in each single process. The removal efficiency of micropharmaceuticals was further increased when an ozone treatment process was added to the biological process compared to the single process. The soil and activated carbon adsorption process was introduced in the post-treatment to remove the micropharmaceutical residues, and the removal efficiency of the pharmaceduticals in the final effluent was more than 85% in spike damage experiment. In particular, the continuous process of biological treatment-ozone-adsorption could ensure the stable treatment of micropharmaceuticals, which had not been efficiently removed in the single process, as it showed more than 80% removal efficiency. Therefore, it is expected that the addition of the ozone oxidation and activated carbon adsorption process to the existing sewage treatment facilities can contribute to the efficient removal of micropharmaceuticals.

Occurrence and removal of endocrine disrupters in landfill leachate treatment plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wintgens ◽  
M. Gallenkemper ◽  
T. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Carbon Adsorption

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. Industrial chemicals with estrogenic effects were detected in large quantities in landfill leachates. Membrane technology has proven to be an effective barrier to these substances and thus widely applied in the treatment of landfill leachate. The removal techniques under investigation are membrane bioreactors, nanofiltration, activated carbon adsorption, ozonation as well as reverse osmosis. Investigations were conducted at two different landfill leachate treatment plants with a variety of process configurations. The xenoestrogenic substances nonylphenol and bisphenol A were detected in high μg/L-ranges in raw landfill leachate. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were capable of removing more than 80% of the nonylphenol load. Final effluent concentrations range between 1-12 μg/L nonylphenol and 3-30 μg/L bisphenol A respectively. Reverse osmosis treatment proved to be less effective in nonylphenol and bisphenol A removal than MBRs with further polishing stages like nanofiltration and activated carbon adsorption.

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