scholarly journals Architektura nowego stylu zakopiańskiego. Odrodzenie stylowe czy popkulturowy kicz i historyczne niezrozumienie?

Artifex Novus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Anna Wiśnicka
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Core ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Contemporary Architecture

Abstrakt: Tekst porusza kwestie współczesnego budownictwa inspirowanego stylem zakopiańskim, szukając odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy wykazuje ono właściwe cechy, pozwalające określić je mianem rewiwalizmu historycznych wzorów. Wychodząc od założeń Stanisława Witkiewicza oraz teorii architektonicznego odrodzenia i neowernakularyzmu, artykuł przybliża i analizuje przykłady budowli tzw. nowego stylu zakopiańskiego. Komparatystyka obiektów i teorii estetycznych Witkiewicza w zestawieniu z rozszerzonymi definicjami wernakularyzmu stanowi trzon rozważań o możliwej próbie usytuowania rozwijających się obecnie tendencji stylowych na mapie architektury czerpiącej z dziedzictwa przeszłości. Na podstawie reprezentatywnych przykładów architektury powstałej po roku 2000 poddaje analizie słuszność popkulturowo ukonstytuowanego terminu nowy styl zakopiański. Summary: The text addresses the questions of contemporary architecture inspired by the Zakopane Style, examining whether or not they present the appropriate features that would predispose them to be described as the revivalism of historical patterns. Beginning with the aesthetic writings of Stanisław Witkiewicz and the theory of architectural revival and neo-vernacularism, the article introduces and analyzes examples of the so-called New Zakopane Style. The comparison of selected buildings with Witkiewicz's aesthetic theories, in combination with extended definitions of vernacularism, is the core of considerations about an attempt to situate the currently developing trends on the map of architectural styles drawing from the late 19th century heritage. On the basis of representative examples of architecture created after 2000, the text aims to analyze the validity of the pop-culturally constituted term of the New Zakopane Style.

scholarly journals The rise and fall of Christian-Nationalism: The ideological evolution of Dopper intellectuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Tamarkin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Core ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Christian Nationalism

Christian-nationalism as the core of Afrikaner identity and ideology was introduced by Dopper intellectuals. It was used by them as early as the late 19th century. The two components of this concept were, in fact, an oxymoron. Christianity represents universal values, whereas nationalism focuses on the particular identity and interests of a particular group, the nation. Consequently, there was a built-in tension in this identity and ideological construct. For Dopper intellectuals, the Christian was clearly paramount. Nationalism had to be submitted to God’s universal moral values.

Martin Luther’s Reformatory Discovery

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Korsch
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Core ◽  
Final Development ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Question ◽  
The Church

In the debate on Luther’s Reformatory Discovery two elements come together: the systematic question of how to determine the essential content of reformatory theology, that is, the core of Reformation itself, and the historical question of the point in his life at which Luther reached this insight. The debate arose first in the late 19th century, when the essence of Protestantism was brought into question and scholars tried to find an answer in the writings of Luther himself. This historical and methodological conjunction leads to different results concerning both the religious content of the discovery and the date when Luther discovered it. Two main answers have been given. The first supposes that it is the logical structure of self-annihilation and divine affirmation that is specifically reformatory. Luther came to this insight during his first lecture on Psalms, about 1514. This means that he certainly knew what his new theology contained when the indulgences controversy broke out. The second theory underscores that Luther had to establish a kind of outward kerygmatic reality in order to make the inner conflict and contradiction of sentiments acceptable. He reached this position only in 1518, that is, after the beginning of the controversy over indulgences in 1517. Therefore, the final development of Luther’s reformatory insight took place in the confrontation with the ecclesiastical powers of his day. For many years the debate focused upon a late text by Luther, namely, the preface of the first volume of his Latin works in 1545. It has to be admitted that Luther offered there his own recollection of the beginning of his new theology. But he did so quite briefly, concentrating only on the notion of iustitia passiva. This is a proper term for the content of the reformatory insight, but Luther did not fully explain the spiritual and practical context. Therefore, one must imagine that the Reformatory Discovery came about through a longer process of theological reflection, including its biblical, conceptual, spiritual, and ecclesial consequences. It is significant that the conflict with the Roman Church came up exactly when Luther stressed the externality of God’s Word for establishing the inner status of humankind before God. The church can only be the medium, not the subject, of salvation. And the correspondence to God’s Word means quite simply faith, that is, the acceptance of being accepted by God. One must reckon here with a process that began with Luther’s first lectures in 1513 and came to an end by 1520. Luther’s “On the Freedom of a Christian” of 1520 clearly shows his reformatory discovery fully established.

scholarly journals JAMES JOYCE’s EARLY AESTHETIC THEORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111
Author(s):  
A.A. Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
James Joyce ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Walter Pater ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Aesthetic

In this article, the author attempts to shed some light on the development of James Joyce’s aesthetic views in the context of the culture of the end of 19 and the beginning of 20 century. Relevance of this work is attributable to necessity of additional systematization of the aesthetic views of James Joyce. In this article, the author analyzes Joyce’s diaries 1903-1904, essays 1899-1902 and his novels “Stephen Hero” and “Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man”. The author considers the main concepts of Joyce’s aesthetic such as “analytic method”, “drama”, “classical temper”, “epiphany”. Considerable attention is paid to artistic rethinking of the aesthetic of Thomas Aquinas in James Joyce’s works. Joyce interprets the aesthetic of Thomas Aquinas in the manner of Walter Pater estheticism. In the context of this rethinking, Joyce’s concept of “epiphany” becomes important. Taken from theology concept “epiphany” is interpreted as a special view of the artist. The author concludes that the Thomist theory of the beautiful is reinterpreted in Joyce's work in the vein of English aestheticism of the late 19th century. The results of this investigation can be used in the works dedicated to modernism and in the teaching of literature of this period.

scholarly journals AESTHETIC EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF PEDAGOGICAL CONGRESSES OF 1862 - 1919

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
I. DIDENKO ◽  
O. FILATOVA
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Aesthetic Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Aesthetic

Current research is a historic and pedagogical study. It uncovers the problem of aesthetic education in the context of such a meaningful phenomenon of the education of the late 19th century and the early 20th century as pedagogical congresses. The study has proved that the issues of the aesthetic education were considered during almost every pedagogical congress from 1862 till 1919. This type of education was recognized as the necessary part of comprehensive and harmonious development of the child’s personality. Under different political conditions aesthetic education was discussed during the pedagogical congresses either as a separate issue or as an element of other types of education: labor, ethical, national and even physical ones. The main methods and means of the aesthetic education considered by the participants of the pedagogical congresses were the following ones: familiarizing with the works of the prominent foreign and national authors, excursions, getting to know the native land, national traditions, creative labor, different forms of recreation and entertainment, art and musical events, taking care of your appearance. For supporting pedagogical councils, the delegates of the congresses suggested to create aesthetic committees and professional councils.  To cut the long story short, the participants of the pedagogical congresses were very attentive to the issues of the aesthetic education and considered it as one of the necessary elements of harmonious development of the personality What remained uncovered was the degree of implementation of the solutions and recommendations of the participants of the pedagogical congresses in the educational process of the schools, namely, what ideas were introduced and what left just on the paper.

One Industry, Two Chinas: Silk Filatures and Peasant-Family Production in Wuxi County, 1865–1937. By Lynda S. Bell. [Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. xvii+290 pp. $51.00. ISBN 0-8047-2998-0.]

2002 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 477-502
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Gottschang
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Central China ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Silk Industry ◽  
The Core ◽  
Silk Production ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Peasant Family

With this book Lynda Bell contributes a major piece to our understanding of China's modern economic history. The core of the book is a detailed description of the evolution of the silk industry in central China between the late 19th century and the mid-20th century. Bell's exhaustively researched analysis covers each level of silk production in Wuxi county, from the rural household producers of cocoons, to the intermediate level cocoon merchants and local filatures, to the major firms that by the early 1930s controlled much of the market through modern, vertically integrated organizations.

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