scholarly journals Losy Sakramentarza Tynieckiego podczas II wojny światowej

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sijka
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
German Culture ◽  
Illuminated Manuscript ◽  
Military Unit

The SacramentoriumTynecensis was written in circa 1060-1070, probably in Cologne. It was located in the Benedictine Abbey in Tyniec from 11th century to 19th century. In 1814 the illuminated manuscript was bought by Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, then in 1818 he located the codex in the Zamoyski Ordynacja Library in Warsaw. It stayed there to the end of World War II. Two formations of Nazi Germany were as follows:  a military unit led by Professor of Archaeology, Peter Paulsen and a group led by art historian Kajetan Mühlman. Both were responsible for the plundering of Poland's cultural heritage. They wanted to get the Sacramentorium Tynecensis because it was connected with German culture. The employees of the Zamoyski Ordynacja Library have tried to rescue the codex, sometimes at the risk of their own lives. In 1944 during the action of rescuing library collections from the ruins of the capital city of Poland (action called ‘Pruszkowska’), the manuscript codex was exported and hidden by Stanisław Lorentz in the Cathedral in Łowicz. Thankfully that the ST returned to Warsaw in 1947 and was deposited in the National Library of Poland.

Blitzkrieg – An Army Fueled by Drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Heckert
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Pharmaceutical Company ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Crystal Meth ◽  
Wonder Drug ◽  
Research Institute

Pervitin is a drug developed in Nazi Germany by the pharmaceutical company Temmler, before the start of World War II. Originally sold without prescription to the population, it was claimed to suppress fatigue, make one more alert, reduce hunger, and help fight depression. The main ingredient of this wonder drug was methamphetamine, the primary component of what we now call crystal meth. This miracle drug’s effectiveness against fatigue caught the attention of the director of the Research Institute of Defense Physiology of the German forces, Dr. Otto Ranke, who considered that fatigue was enemy number one of a soldier during battle. An order of thirty five million Pervitin tablets were purchased for the Wehrmacht’s invasion of France in May 1940 to increase effectivity of the campaign that relied especially on speed for success. History will claim that the use of mobile warfare over positional warfare with Germany’s motorized army, French high command mistakes, and an equipment disadvantage led to the ultimate defeat. My research aims to show that Pervitin was a crucial factor in the iron force of the blitzkrieg by the Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe, and that it did not as much come from its tactics, inferiority of the Allies, and employment of mobile warfare but from an army that was blitzed on Pervitin to turn it into a steamroller of a machine that could not be stopped, day or night.

From Evolutive Paranoia, by August Wimmer (1902)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-495
Author(s):  
German E Berrios ◽  
Johan Schioldann ◽  
Johan Schioldann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Delusional Disorder ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
World War ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Clinical Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Concept

Literature on the history of ‘paranoia’ (as a clinical concept) is large and confusing. This is partly explained by the fact that over the centuries the word ‘paranoia’ has been made to participate in several convergences (clinical constructs), and hence it has named different forms of behaviour and been linked to different explanatory concepts. The Classic Text that follows provides information on the internal clinical evolution of the last convergence in which ‘paranoia’ was made to participate. August Wimmer maps the historical changes of ‘ Verrücktheit’ as it happened within the main European psychiatric traditions since the early 19th century. After World War II, that clinical profile was to become reified and renamed as ‘delusional disorder’.

scholarly journals THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONSUMERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY IN PROVISIONING OF COLLECTIVE FARM PEASANTRY OF ALTAI LAND IN THE YEARS OF WORLD WAR II: IN TERMS OF POTTERY AND MANUFACTURE OF WOODEN SOLE BOOTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Tat’yana K. Shcheglova ◽  
Aleksey V Rykov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
World War ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Cooperative Society

The war between Nazi Germany and the USSR caused drastic changes in the Soviet system of distribution of goods. Reorientation of factories on military contracts led to diminishing of the centralised production of goods for consumers in rear areas. As a result, consumers cooperative society started to play an important role. The article considers the problems of consumers cooperative society and local enterprises which were its major suppliers. Through the example of pottery and manufacture of wooden sole boots diffi culties of reorganisation of enterprises in the context of war are revealed. The problems of interaction of local enterprises and consumers cooperative society are considered. In conclusion, the author points out that the major problem of reorganisation of enterprises in the context of war was the shortage of raw materials and the signifi cant factor of development was hand-crafted character of anufacturing. A certain problem was created by the reluctance of enterprises to deliver their production at artifi cially low state prices and its poor quality. The consequence of that was the decrease of signifi cance of consumers cooperative society and the increase of the ratio of market trade in provisioning of collective farm peasantry.

scholarly journals Antonio Morassi, Giulio Carlo Argan, Roberto Longhi e la riscoperta del Caravaggio di casa Balbi a Genova (1939-1952)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 351-369
Author(s):  
Giulio Zavatta
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
World War ◽  
Published Report ◽  
The World

Antonio Morassi’s archive and photographic library kept in the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage of Ca’ Foscari University in Venice preserves a series of documents relating to the rediscovery of the Caravaggio of Casa Balbi, which took place during the World War II. Antonio Morassi had a look to the Conversion of Saint Paul in the Genoese palace of Balbi and studied it to publish it. The picture that Morassi sent to the publishers was however showed to Giulio Carlo Argan, who was also writing a monograph about Caravaggio. Argan pledged to acknowledge the discovery to Morassi. But, Argan published report about the painting in an article in 1943. However, Roberto Longhi intervened, denying that it was a Caravaggio pain- ting. Morassi, who discovered this painting, published it on the Emporium magazine only in 1947, after World War II, is therefore not often recognized as the discoverer of this masterpiece.

War Children in Nazi Germany and World War II

2017 ◽  
pp. 200-223
Author(s):  
Ilka Quindeau ◽  
Katrin Einert ◽  
Nadine Teuber
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 268-280
Author(s):  
Kory Olson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Capital City ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Napoleon Iii ◽  
Housing Shortages ◽  
Paris Region ◽  
To Come ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The City

The tumultuous nineteenth century brought Parisian led regime change in 1830, 1848 and in many respects 1870. Although Napoleon III and Haussmann had hoped their Paris works would tame the capital city as they constructed uniform boulevards and transformed the crowded medieval centre into a bourgeois space. Throughout the twentieth century, the movement of people and goods throughout the Paris region remained a challenge and official maps showed how to address that issue. The German occupation during World War II effectively ended any hope of Prost’s 1934 plan to come to fruition. However, the damages afflicted on the city during combat allowed leaders to refocus their attention on the city. The pre-war work done by the Service géographique, Jaussely, and Prost allow future urban officials, such as Lopez and Bernard Lafay, to address problems such as increased traffic, parking, housing shortages, decentralization, and increased sprawl. The end of the war shifted national priorities away from the capital but by the 1950s, economic growth meant that urban planners needed to focus yet again on ameliorating development in greater Paris.

Sweden

2019 ◽  
pp. 435-440
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bazyler ◽  
Kathryn Lee Boyd ◽  
Kristen L. Nelson ◽  
Rajika L. Shah
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Immigrant Policy ◽  
Economic Well Being

Sweden maintained a policy of uneven neutrality throughout World War II. While the Swedish government initially maintained a strict anti-immigrant policy, attitudes changed once World War II began. When Swedish authorities learned in 1942 that the Germans sought to deport Jews from Denmark and Norway, they aided in the rescue of thousands of Jews from the two neighboring countries. Throughout the war, Sweden maintained diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany. The Nazis sought to have Aryanization policy carried out in Sweden with respect to German-controlled companies operating in Sweden and also for Swedish companies with links to Germany. In the end, however, efforts to Aryanize property in Sweden were not very effective and did not have a major impact on the economic well-being of Swedish Jews. Sweden endorsed the Terezin Declaration in 2009 and the Guidelines and Best Practices in 2010.

France

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bazyler ◽  
Kathryn Lee Boyd ◽  
Kristen L. Nelson ◽  
Rajika L. Shah
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Vichy France ◽  
Two Phases

Germany invaded France in 1940. A month later the countries entered into an agreement, by which 80 percent of France was occupied by Nazi Germany. Competing property expropriation laws were enacted in both Occupied and Unoccupied (Vichy) France. More than 20 percent of France’s Jewish population was killed during World War II. Restitution and reparations measures—particularly with respect to private and heirless property—took place in two phases. The first occurred in the immediate postwar years and ended around 1954, and the second commenced in the late 1990s and early 2000s and is ongoing. In the late 1990s, a government commission (Matteoli Commission) was established to examine the conditions under which property was confiscated by the occupying or Vichy regimes. A compensation commission (Drai Commission) was subsequently established to provide payment to those not previously compensated for damages resulting from legislation passed either by the occupying or Vichy regimes. France endorsed the Terezin Declaration in 2009 and the Guidelines and Best Practices in 2010.

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